The 1995/1996 Household Income, Expenditure - (PDF, 101 mb ...

mandatory by law;
16) Reporting errors: Underreported incomes from illegal sources,
underreported expenditures for "sensitive items", especially in rural areas,
but see Cardiff (1995);
17) Other nonsampling errors: Confidentiality assured, but enumerator trust
impeded by "evil eye;"
18) Deletions/replacement: Cases of "building torn down," "household changed
to establishment," "household empty" (not merely away the entire month), and
"out of scope" removed from eligible sample; No sample replacement of
dwellings, only update of list information if household head occupying dwelling
different from frame;
19) Item nonresponse: Mainly ignorable, notorious for alcohol and
contraceptives;
20) Variance estimation: Standard errors of means, totals, ratios and
proportions for critical household estimates accounting for particular sample
design calculated, weighted and unweighted; for calculation convenience,
analysis presents se's in many cases assuming self-weighting;
21) Weighting: Weights calculated for unique PSUs. Location and scale of
weight distribution biased (based on outdated population data);
22) Definitions: Annualized after-tax income and expenditures (market value of
home agricultural production);
23) Income sources/variables: Wages and salaries, ago and non-ago "projects,"
financial, real estate, other. Wages are individual sums of net-of-tax basic
wages, net overtime and allowances, bonuses and incentives, imputed in-kind
wages, other (unemployment compensation, disability); agriculture project
income from crops, many sources of animal husbandry; non-agricultural project
income is sum of commercial, industrial, and service-type activity; real estate
income is sum of agricultural land rent, empty land rent, sharing revenue,
building rents, estimate of rent received from owned dwelling, other
properties; financial income is the sum of income from shares, stocks, deposit
interest, current account interest, post office savings interest, CD interest,
investment sharing and other; other regular returns total made up of
pensions, foreign exchange returns, domestic money exchange income, legal
alimony, others (welfare agency receipts included);
24) Definition of assets: Not standardized, but see 25);
25) Definition of liabilities: Not standardized, but Section on changes in saving
and ownership of the household over the survey year including accounting for
agricultural and non-agricultural land, buildings, equipment, vehicles,
furniture, animals, cash, stocks, savings, investments, durable goods, jewelry,
and net loans;
26) Liability variables: Not standardized, see 25);
27) Definition of Expenditures: Anything and everything purchased by the
household during the survey month, imputed value of the good(s) consumed in
cases of non-market transaction
28) Expenditures: Food and Beverages composed of cereals and starches, dried
pulses, fresh preserved and dried vegetables, fresh preserved and dried
fruits, meat and poultry, fish, eggs, milk and dairy products, edible oils and
fats, sugar and sugary materials, other foodstuffs, beverages (alcoholic and
non-alcoholic); Tobacco products; Apparel, footwear and yarn; Housing and
Utilities; Furnishing and Appliances; Cleaning Materials; Out of Household
services; Health Care and Medical; Transport and Communication; Education;
Culture, Sport and Entertainment; Hotels, Cafes and Restaurants; Personal
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