The 1995/1996 Household Income, Expenditure - (PDF, 101 mb ...

"double-keying-) and validation - by storing phase completion dates. It also
permitted the comparison of manual receipt counts of households, males and
females, for each surveyed shiakha/village from the frame with those same
counts after data verification.
2) CENTRY was the data entry software. The CENTRY screens which the
data entry operators used were written in Arabic and activated by loading
Nafitha. IV This was transparent to the user and presented no technical
problem. Ranges of individual items and skip sequences were preprogrammed
into CENTRY. In addition, we programmed CENTRY to interact with the file of
unique geographical codes (the "10 check file") during data entry sessions in
order to avoid missing, or entering twice, any given questionnaire. CENTRY
also produced operator efficiency statistics by keyer: length of entry session,
the number of records processed over time, and data entry errors per
thousand keystrokes. Data verification was also undertaken in CENTRY,
whereby 100% of the data was re-entered by a different keyer: the computer
sounded a unique "error tone" when the data item value being verified did
not match the data item value entered.
3) CONCOR - the software for consistency and correction used primarily
during the validation stage - resembles COBOL programming language. Given
"edit rules" for consistency between items within one questionnaire's data,
CONCOR generated formatted error reports of inconsistencies in the data.
Although automatic correction could have been programmed, the data was
revalidated manually using CENTRY. CONCOR was essentially maintenance-free
after it was debugged initially, and it provided excellent service for editing
information and data quality control.
4) CENTS was the table production software for CAPMAS publication
tables. For the first time, the stubs and column headings were written in
English as well as Arabic. Because the HIECS is so diverse, there were many
tables to program (more than 250), so that the task of programming table
formats and writing code occupied most of the programmers' time.
5) The CENVAR module calculates variances for critical survey estimates
while accounting for the specific sampling design.
6) Underlying all of the above components is the data dictionary which
specifies to the integrated modules the lengths, positions, and types of data
values found on the raw data files. The IMPS module for the data dictionary
is called DATADICT.
Finally, reformatted data for analysis purposes was described,
documented, and prepared for reading into SAS IV (Statistical Analysis
Software).
Appendix I.C ANOVA in the Regression Framework
1.35
Did income or expenditure estimates change much from month to month,
or from governorate to governorate? An analysis of variance would show
whether singular influences were causing the estimates to deviate greatly.
Mathematically, given a normal distribution for a random variable Y (such as
income), we can classify its means into G types (by month. for example).
Observations on Yare independent. and the variance of Y is a constant. Then
the ANOVA model is
(t = 1,2,....n g : g = 1,2....,G)