Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Handbook: Production and

1256 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING
TABLE 2 Manufacturing Methods of Some Nanomaterials in Pharmacy
Types of
Nanomaterials Materials Involved a
Nanoparticles
Manufacturing Methods References
Polymeric
Various natural polymers, Monomer
42 – 44
nanoparticles e.g., albumin, gelatin, polymerization,
alginate, collagen,
precipitation, solvent
chitosan; biodegradable evaporation, salting
synthetic polymers, e.g.,
poly(lactic acid) (PLA),
poly(lactide - co -
glycotide) (PLGA),
poly( ε - caprolactone)
(PCL), poly(methyl
methacrylate),
and poly(alkyl
cyanoacrylate);
derivatives of
cyclodextrin and starch;
some modifi ed
polymers (e.g.,
PEGylated polymers)
also used
out
Solid lipid Mainly glycerides and High - pressure
27
nanoparticles fatty acids, surfactants homogenization,
(SLNs)
also used
microemulsion
technique, solvent
evaporation
Inorganic
Calcium salts (e.g.,
Precipitation
45 – 47
nanoparticles calcium carbonate and
calcium phosphate),
gold
Nanocapsules Various polymers, e.g., Interfacial
29, 48, 49
poly( iso -
polymerization of
butylcyanoacrylate) monomers or
(PIBCA), PLA, PLGA, interfacial
PCL
nanodeposition of
polymers
Liposomes Phospholipids and
Many methods used,
50
cholesterol,
mainly fi lm
phospholipid
hydration, reverse -
derivatives, e.g., PEG – phase evaporation,
polyethylene (PE), also injection, freeze
added
drying
Niosomes
Noionic surfactants, e.g.,
sorbitan monostearate
(Span 60)
As for liposomes
32
Nanoemulsions Oil and surfactants
High - pressure
homogenization,
ultrasonic
emulsifi cation, phase
inversion
34