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Digital Culture: The Changing Dynamics important in the context of the convergence of mobile technology and the new roles of the cellular phone – as a music device, photo and video camera, etc. This could open new dimensions of cultural production and consumption in the digital arena for the citizens of SEE countries. Table 2: Fixed and cellular telephony (thousands) Number of main telephone lines Number of subscriptions to cellular mobile telephone services 2002 2003 2004 2005 2002 2003 2004 2005 EU-25(a) 226 331 225 682 n/a n/a 337 559 368 046 n/a n/a Bulgaria (d) 2 906 2 856 2 770 n/a 2 600 3 534 4 842 6 241 Romania 4 207 4 330 4 390 n/a 5 099 7 065 10 215 n/a Croatia (b) 1 685 1 684 1 676 1 675 2 340 2 551 2 842 3 650 FYROM 793 723 733 670 366 608 998 1 216 Turkey (c) 18 915 18 917 19 125 18 973 23 374 27 925 34 736 43 631 Albania 220 255 n/a 243 851 1 100 n/a 1 220 Bosnia and Herzegovina 903 938 n/a n/a 749 1 050 n/a n/a Montenegro 187 188 178 178 479 418 484 543 Serbia 2 299 2 409 2 457 2 673 2 420 2 991 4 324 5 222 Kosovo/UN SCR 1244 91 93 n/a n/a 342 n/a n/a n/a (a) Break in series, (b) From 2002 to 2004 the number of main telephone lines presented is the total of telephone lines (analogue), ISDN lines and FGSM lines; for cellular: data presents the number of prepaid and postpaid users; (c) Data provided by the Telecommunications Authority, (d) for cellular 2004 estimated value; 2005, Data source: Communications Regulation Commission. Taking this data into account let us now look in more detail at the trends in Internet usage in the SEE region in comparison to the European average. As can be seen from Table 3, the increase in the number of Internet users in the last 7 years (2000-2007) has been huge (Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina (2000-2007) topped the list with a skyrocketing 18 748% and 13 471% respectively). Some of the countries of the region are getting close to the European average (such as Montenegro, Croatia, Greece, Romania and Bulgaria, the last three already being EU members), while other countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Moldova and Serbia) are still lagging behind. 76
Table 3: The growth of Internet use in Europe and in Southeastern Europe* Population (2007 est.) Internet users, latest data % population (penetration of service) % of total number of users in Europe User growth (2000-2007) Europe** 801 821 187 348 125 847 43.4 % 100% 231.2 % Albania 3 600 523 471 200 13.1 % 0.1 % 18 748.0 % Bosnia and Herzegovina Access, piracy and culture: the implications of digitalization in Southeastern Europe 4 552 198 950 000 20.9 % 0.3 % 13 471.4 % Bulgaria 7 322 858 2 200 000 30.0 % 0.6 % 411.6 % Croatia 4 493 312 1 684 600 37.5 % 0.5 % 742.3 % Greece 10 706 290 3 800 000 35.5 % 1.1 % 280.0 % Macedonia 2 055 915 392 671 19.1 % 0.1 % 1 208.9 % Moldova 4 328 816 727 700 16.8 % 0.2 % 2 810.8 % Montenegro 684 736 266 000 38.8 % 0.1 % n/a Romania 22 276 056 7 000 000 31.4 % 2.0 % 775.0 % Serbia 10 150 265 1 400 000 13.8 % 0.4 % 250.0 % *The table is based on the data provided by the Inter World Stats (2008). **Figures for “Europe” include all 52 countries of Europe. On the other hand, although this increase in the number of users is rather high, looking at the penetration rates, there is still significant room for a further increase. As can be seen in Table 3, half of the SEE countries still have a penetration of Internet service of less than 20%, while in other countries it ranges around 30% (the span being from 13.1% (Albania) to 38.8% (in Montenegro)). This shows that the European level of connectivity to the Internet has still not been reached in all of the countries. When looking at the penetration of service, we can see that the use of the Internet is still limited to a rather narrow stratum of people in SEE countries. The data presented above provides a general insight into the changing nature of digitalization in the SEE region. Although the usage of ICT is still low in comparison to Western EU neighbours, it is growing rapidly. This situation can also be partly attributed to the transition processes of the states in question where problems with adjustment and implementation of legislature in this field are still present. One should also mention the SEE region’s poor overall economic position in the last decade (high unemployment rates, low purchasing power of citizens, etc.) which is an additional reason for the situation. 77
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CULTURELINK Network of Networks for
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This Work has been published with t
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Culturelink Joint Publications Seri
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Managing culture in virtual realms:
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Foreword Digital culture is a new c
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INTRODUCTION
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Digital Culture: The Changing Dynam
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PART ONE DIGITAL CULTURE - THE NEW
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Page 51 and 52: Introduction Media users: from read
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Page 65 and 66: The understanding of media users, a
Page 67 and 68: Transformations of cultural product
Page 77: References Transformations of cultu
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With reference to possible policy r
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References Managing culture in virt
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Ecology of the media and hyperhuman
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languages on the Internet - mainly
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governmental or corporate action pl
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global critical consciousness that
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The online power of users and money
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• selling artistic products onlin
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References Culture Interactive Cult
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A glance at the Cuban culture throu
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This paper attempts to: • provide
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websites that fused into what we ma
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Portal del Cine y el Audiovisual La
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Internet costs nothing in any forei
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