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EMBEDDED: WEAPONS OF MASS DECEPTION<br />

tured on all three programs were Iraqi civilians,<br />

on BBC they comprised 17.1%. NBC Nightly News<br />

was the only news program in our analysis on<br />

which Iraqi civilians made up less than 10% of the<br />

featured protagonists, while the numbers were<br />

slightly higher on the other networks (ABC:<br />

13.7%, NBC: 9.6%, NBC: 12.1%).<br />

The American way of reporting I:<br />

unseen U.S. casualties<br />

ANOTHER category in which American news<br />

programs fell markedly behind in their coverage<br />

was the depiction of American casualties. After<br />

Al-Jazeera was sharply rebuked by U.S. officials<br />

for broadcasting images of dead and captured<br />

POWs, the depiction of U.S. casualties in particular<br />

seemed to become taboo on U.S. news programs.<br />

Short of saying that news producers and journalists<br />

were cowed into withholding information,<br />

Media Tenor’s data clearly shows a much greater<br />

reluctance on the part of U.S. news programs to<br />

show images of American dead and wounded<br />

than on foreign news programs, even though<br />

they had no problems depicting dead or<br />

wounded Iraqis – on NBC, the share of visual<br />

depictions on dead or wounded Iraqis even<br />

exceeded the share of verbal statements.<br />

Of all statements on dead, wounded or missing<br />

American soldiers on both ABC and NBC, 80.6%<br />

were delivered verbally, while only 19.4% were<br />

delivered in the form of visual depictions. On<br />

NBC, the share of visually depicted dead, missing<br />

or wounded was significantly higher, with<br />

42.4% of all statements on the subject.<br />

The coverage of Iraqi casualties offers one of<br />

the most obvious differences between coverage<br />

272<br />

in the U.S. and abroad, particularly if one considers<br />

that the number of American casualties was<br />

lower than in the Persian Gulf war, while the<br />

number of Iraqi casualties, both military and<br />

civilian, numbers in the thousands. In the U.S.,<br />

allied casualties comprised up to two thirds of all<br />

casualties reported on in evening news (ABC:<br />

58.9%, NBC: 60.5%, NBC: 67%). On BBC news programs,<br />

allied casualties made up 44.2% of casualties<br />

reported on; 50.6% were Iraqis. In Germany,<br />

the picture was almost the exact opposite from<br />

the U.S. On the low extreme, only 26.5% of casualties<br />

on ARD were allies, while 69.9% were<br />

Iraqis (ZDF: 35.9%/ 58.8%, RTL: 42.3%/ 55.1%).<br />

The American way of reporting II:<br />

CBS silences dissent<br />

IN their reports on U.S. society during the war,<br />

we found significant differences among U.S.<br />

news programs in the amount of coverage given<br />

to protests against the war. ABC World News<br />

Tonight reported most frequently on protests<br />

(101 statements), followed by NBC Nightly News<br />

(68 statements). With only 6 statements on<br />

protests in the U.S. in the time frame of our<br />

analysis, CBS Evening News hardly ever exposed<br />

its viewers to news of dissent among Americans.<br />

Only NBC featured a notable amount of coverage<br />

on both protests and political affairs in reference<br />

to societal protagonists in the U.S.<br />

With a geographical focus on non-allied countries,<br />

all three networks featured a comparable<br />

amount of coverage on these political aspects,<br />

but, once again, the disparity between the networks<br />

in their coverage of protests was glaring,<br />

with ABC taking the lead and NBC barely<br />

acknowledging protests abroad.

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