Metal Foams: A Design Guide
Metal Foams: A Design Guide
Metal Foams: A Design Guide
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216 <strong>Metal</strong> <strong>Foams</strong>: A <strong>Design</strong> <strong>Guide</strong><br />
high as 500 £/kg, all three of the foams offer better value V than any of the<br />
competing materials. Alporas, using present data, is the best choice, meaning<br />
that it has the best combination of performance and cost.<br />
Multifunctionality<br />
<strong>Metal</strong> foams appear to be most attractive when used in a multifunctional role.<br />
Multifunctionality exploits combinations of the potential applications listed in<br />
Table 1.2. The most promising of these are<br />
ž Reduced mass<br />
ž Energy absorption/blast mitigation<br />
ž Acoustic damping<br />
ž Thermal stand-off (firewalls)<br />
ž Low-cost assembly of large structures (exploiting low weight)<br />
ž Strain isolation (as a buffer between a stiff structure and a fluctuating<br />
temperature field, for instance).<br />
The method described above allows optimization of material choice for any<br />
combination of these.<br />
References<br />
Ashby, M.F. (1997) Materials Selection: Multiple Constraints and Compound Objectives, American<br />
Society for Testing and Materials, STP 1311, pp. 45–62.<br />
Ashby, M.F. (1999) Materials Selection and Mechanical <strong>Design</strong>, 2nd edition, Butterworth-<br />
Heinemann, Oxford.<br />
Ashby, M.F. (2000) Multi-objective optimisation in material design and selection. To appear in<br />
Acta Mater, January 2000.<br />
Bader, M.G. (1997) Proc. ICCM-11, Gold Coast, Australia, Vol. 1: Composites Applications and<br />
<strong>Design</strong>, ICCM, London, UK.<br />
Clark, J.P., Roth, R. and Field, F.R. (1997) Techno-economic issues in material science. In ASM<br />
Handbook Vol. 20, Materials Selection and <strong>Design</strong>, ASM International, Materials Park, OH,<br />
44073-0002, USA.<br />
Esawi, A.M.K. and Ashby, M.F. (1998) Computer-based selection of manufacturing processes:<br />
methods, software and case studies. Proc. Inst. Mech. Engrs 212B, 595–610.<br />
Field, F.R. and de Neufville, R. (1988) Material selection – maximising overall utility. <strong>Metal</strong>s<br />
and Materials June, 378.<br />
Hansen, D.R. and Druckstein, L. (1982) Multi-objective Decision Analysis with Engineering and<br />
Business Applications, Wiley, New York.<br />
Maine, E.M.A. and Ashby, M.F. (1999) Cost estimation and the viability of metal foams. In<br />
Banhart, J., Ashby, M.F. and Fleck, N.A. (eds), <strong>Metal</strong> <strong>Foams</strong> and Foam <strong>Metal</strong> Structures Proc.<br />
Int. Conf. Metfoam ’99, 14–16 June 1999, MIT Verlag, Bremen, Germany.<br />
Sawaragi, Y. and Nakayama, H. (1985) Theory of Multi-Objective Optimisation, Academic Press,<br />
New York.