Metal Foams: A Design Guide

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Metal Foams: A Design Guide M.F. Ashby, A.G. Evans, N.A. Fleck, L.J. Gibson, J.W. Hutchinson and H.N.G. Wadley BOSTON OXFORD AUCKLAND JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI
Copyright © 2000 by Butterworth-Heinemann All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of a publisher. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth-Heinemann prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Butterworth-Heinemann supports the efforts of American Forests and the Global ReLeaf program in its campaign for the betterment of trees, forests, and our environment. Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book. For information, please contact: Manager of Special Sales Butterworth-Heinemann 225 Wildwood Avenue Woburn, MA 01801-2041 Tel: 781-904-2500 Fax: 781-904-2620 For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications available, contact our World Wide Web home page at: http://www.bh.com 10 987654 321 Typeset by Laser Words, Madras, India Printed in the United States of America
Page 1: Metal Foams: A Design Guide
Page 5 and 6: vi Contents 4.3 Foam property chart
Page 7 and 8: viii Contents 17 Case studies 217 1
Page 9 and 10: List of contributors M.F. Ashby Cam
Page 11 and 12: Table of physical constants and con
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1 Introduction Metal foams
Page 15 and 16: Activity Research Industrial take-u
Page 17 and 18: Application Comment Introduction Bi
Page 19 and 20: Cell size (cm) Making metal foams 7
Page 21 and 22: Making metal foams solidify. The th
Page 23 and 24: Making metal foams 11 2.4 Gas-relea
Page 25 and 26: a) Preform Polymer ligaments d) Rem
Page 27 and 28: a) Vapor deposition of Nickel b) Bu
Page 29 and 30: Process Steps a) Powder / Can prepa
Page 31 and 32: Making metal foams 19 flight in a t
Page 33 and 34: a) Metal - Hydrogen binary phase di
Page 35 and 36: Entrapped gas expansion Making meta
Page 37 and 38: (a) (b) (c) 100µm Characterization
Page 39 and 40: E/E bulk σ peak /σ bulk 1.2 1.0 0
Page 41 and 42: Stress (MPa) Characterization metho
Page 43 and 44: Characterization methods 31 foam sp
Page 45 and 46: Characterization methods 33 ž Prop
Page 47 and 48: F/2 F/2 F/2 F/2 τ Core Characteriz
Page 49 and 50: Characterization methods 37 40 40 4
Page 51 and 52: Characterization methods 39 Gioux,
Page 53 and 54:
(a) (b) (c) Properties of metal foa
Page 55 and 56:
Table 4.1 (a) Ranges a for mechanic
Page 57 and 58:
Stress, σ Schematic Young's modulu
Page 59 and 60:
Properties of metal foams 47 foams.
Page 61 and 62:
Properties of metal foams 49 show t
Page 63 and 64:
Modulus 0.5 /Density (GPa 0.5 /(Mg/
Page 65 and 66:
elations take the form P Ł � Ł
Page 67 and 68:
Chapter 5 Design analysis for mater
Page 69 and 70:
Table 5.1 Design requirements Desig
Page 71 and 72:
Design analysis for material select
Page 73 and 74:
5.4 Where might metal foams excel?
Page 75 and 76:
Table 6.1 Constitutive equations fo
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h SECTION h o h i d d o a b ;;; QQQ
Page 79 and 80:
6.3 Elastic deflection of beams and
Page 81 and 82:
6.4 Failure of beams and panels (a)
Page 83 and 84:
;; ;;; ;; M ;; ;;; ;; ;;; ;; ;; ;;
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Torsion of shafts T T,q T T,q Yield
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R a 2 Flow field R F R 2a 2 F F s c
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;; ; QQ Q ¢¢ ¢ ;; ;; QQ QQ ¢¢
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; ;; Creep p e p e • Area A u F 2
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and its deviatoric (i.e. shear) com
Page 95 and 96:
Normalized effective stress 1.4 1.2
Page 97 and 98:
A constitutive model for metal foam
Page 99 and 100:
A constitutive model for metal foam
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Stress amplitude, ∆σ + Stress,
Page 103 and 104:
Axial strain (%) 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 σma
Page 105 and 106:
Nominal compressive strain Nominal
Page 107 and 108:
σ max σ pl τ max τ pl σ max σ
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Design for fatigue with metal foams
Page 111 and 112:
the net section stress criterion re
Page 113 and 114:
E σ pl (m) 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.1 Relat
Page 115 and 116:
Chapter 9 Design for creep with met
Page 117 and 118:
Design for creep with metal foams 1
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instead to: � Pε 3 D Pε0 2 s Ł
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Time to failure (hours) 10 2 10 1 1
Page 123 and 124:
Design for creep with metal foams 1
Page 125 and 126:
Chapter 10 Sandwich structures Sand
Page 127 and 128:
Sandwich structures 115 The elastic
Page 129 and 130:
Indentation Sandwich structures 117
Page 131 and 132:
H H Core shear Core shear Collapse
Page 133 and 134:
0.5 10−1 t c t c 10 −2 0.5 10
Page 135 and 136:
Sandwich structures 123 the contact
Page 137 and 138:
Sandwich structures 125 four sectio
Page 139 and 140:
c t p p Figure 10.9 Sandwich panel
Page 141 and 142:
Sandwich structures 129 with k ¾ D
Page 143 and 144:
c/ Face sheet yielding 0.14 0.12 0.
Page 145 and 146:
Weight index, ψ 10 −1 10 −2 10
Page 147 and 148:
Sandwich structures 135 To construc
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Sandwich structures 137 The associa
Page 151 and 152:
Sandwich structures 139 Note that,
Page 153 and 154:
where D � 2⊲1 Eft 2 f ⊳GcR Sa
Page 155 and 156:
Weight index ψ = W/2πR 2 ρ s W c
Page 157 and 158:
Sandwich structures 145 plastic yie
Page 159 and 160:
Sandwich structures 147 within the
Page 161 and 162:
Sandwich structures 149 Shuaeib, F.
Page 163 and 164:
Energy management: packaging and bl
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Energy/Unit cost (kJ/£) 10 1 0.1 0
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
ys crushes axially at the load Ener
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
peak pressure MPa Impulse/(mass of
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Chapter 12 Sound absorption and vib
Page 185 and 186:
Sound absorption and vibration supp
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
0 Sound absorption and vibration su
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Chapter 13 Thermal management and h
Page 195 and 196:
Thermal management and heat transfe
Page 197 and 198:
Thermal management and heat transfe
Page 199 and 200:
~ P ~ Re 2.6 1000 800 600 400 200 0
Page 201 and 202:
Chapter 14 Electrical properties of
Page 203 and 204:
Electrical properties of metal foam
Page 205 and 206:
Electrical properties of metal foam
Page 207 and 208:
15.3 Joining of metal foams Cutting
Page 209 and 210:
Pull-out load, F p (N) 10 5 10 4 10
Page 211 and 212:
Cyclic loading of fasteners Cutting
Page 213 and 214:
Time, material, energy, capital, in
Page 215 and 216:
Cost estimation and viability 203 A
Page 217 and 218:
$/Unit Melting Schematic of the liq
Page 219 and 220:
Performance metric, P2 B Non-domina
Page 221 and 222:
Cost estimation and viability 209 t
Page 223 and 224:
Cost estimation and viability 211 i
Page 225 and 226:
P 2 = 1/Loss coefficient (−) 1000
Page 227 and 228:
Cost estimation and viability 215 C
Page 229 and 230:
Chapter 17 Case studies Metal foams
Page 231 and 232:
Case studies 219 Figure 17.2 A pres
Page 233 and 234:
Case studies 221 Figure 17.4 Highwa
Page 235 and 236:
Case studies 223 Figure 17.6 DUOCEL
Page 237 and 238:
Case studies 225 density and high t
Page 239 and 240:
Case studies 227 required for compa
Page 241 and 242:
Maximum power density at electronic
Page 243 and 244:
q *(MW/m 2) 15 10 Power density fix
Page 245 and 246:
Case studies 233 which optimized sk
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e-mail: cymat@ican.net Web: www.cym
Page 249 and 250:
Tel: C0043 7722 801-2125 Fax: C0043
Page 251 and 252:
Chapter 19 Web sites An increasing
Page 253 and 254:
http://www.seac.nl/english/recemat/
Page 255 and 256:
(b) (continued) Appendix: Catalogue
Page 257 and 258:
(f) Vibration-limited design Append
Page 259 and 260:
Index (Company and trade names are
Page 261 and 262:
Heat transfer 4, 182 Heat transfer
Page 263:
Surface strain mapping 36 Syntactic
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Metal Foams: A Design Guide

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