Metal Foams: A Design Guide

vi Contents
4.3 Foam property charts 48
4.4 Scaling relations 52
References 54
5 Design analysis for material selection 55
5.1 Background 55
5.2 Formulating a property profile 56
5.3 Two examples of single-objective optimization 58
5.4 Where might metal foams excel? 61
References 61
6 Design formulae for simple structures 62
6.1 Constitutive equations for mechanical response 62
6.2 Moments of sections 64
6.3 Elastic deflection of beams and panels 67
6.4 Failure of beams and panels 69
6.5 Buckling of columns, panels and shells 70
6.6 Torsion of shafts 72
6.7 Contact stresses 74
6.8 Vibrating beams, tubes and disks 76
6.9 Creep 78
References 79
7 A constitutive model for metal foams 80
7.1 Review of yield behavior of fully dense metals 80
7.2 Yield behavior of metallic foams 82
7.3 Postscript 86
References 87
8 Design for fatigue with metal foams 88
8.1 Definition of fatigue terms 88
8.2 Fatigue phenomena in metal foams 90
8.3 S– N data for metal foams 94
8.4 Notch sensitivity in static and fatigue loading 97
References 101
9 Design for creep with metal foams 103
9.1 Introduction: the creep of solid metals 103
9.2 Creep of metallic foams 105
9.3 Models for the steady-state creep of foams 106
9.4 Creep data for metallic foams 107
9.5 Creep under multi-axial stresses 109
9.6 Creep of sandwich beams with metal foam cores 109
References 112
10 Sandwich structures 113
10.1 The stiffness of sandwich beams 113
10.2 The strength of sandwich beams 116
10.3 Collapse mechanism maps for sandwich panels 120
10.4 Case study: the three-point bending of a sandwich panel 123