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Tanamedrove samsxmelo saqmis warmoeba. metalurgiaSi bentonituri Tixa sayalibe masalad gamoyenebuli qviSis marcvlebis damakavSirebelia. mas didi gamoyeneba aqvs karamzitis dasamzadebald. am ukanasknels sxva Tixisaganac amzadeben, magram saukeTeso xarisxis Zvirfasi saSeni masala mxolod bentonituri Tixisagan miiReba. betonsa da cementSi bentonitis Setana aumjobesebs maT meqanikur Tvisebebs. marTalia, nawilobriv anelebs cementis Sekvras, magram, samagierod, betoni xdeba wyalgaumtari. tute bentonitis meSveobiT erTmaneTisagan gamoyofen forian qanebsa da wylian fenas, amitom iyeneben mas kaSxlebisa da sairigacio arxebis mSeneblobisas. maTeTrebeli Tvisebebis gamo, tute bentonits iyeneben maudis dasamzadeblad, vinaidan igi kargad wmends matyls (acilebs cxims). amave Tvisebis gamo, bentonits iyeneben qaRaldis mrewvelobaSic (gasaTeTreblad). ase rom, bentonitur Tixas metad mravalmxrivi gamoyeneba aqvs. axla ki gavecnoT saqarTveloSi bentonituri Tixis sabadoebis aRmoCenis istorias. amJamad saqarTveloSi bentonituri Tixis met-naklebi mniSvnelobis 180-mde sabadoa cnobili. maT Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovania quTaisTan axlos, sofel gumbris sabado `gumbrini~ da sofel askanis - àskaniti~ da àskangeli~. saintereso istoria aqvs gumbrinis aRmoCenas. pirveli msoflio omis wlebSi ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis sawarmoo ZalTa Semswavleli komisia dainteresebuli iyo navTobsawmendi Tixis sabadoTa ZebniT. akad. a. fersmanma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcia yirimis Tixas, romelic `kilis~ saxelwodebiT iyo cnobili. fersmanis Sromebis gacnobis Semdeg, axalgazrda mecnieri aleqsandre TvalWreliZe dainteresda am TixiT. man ivarauda, rom SesaZlebelia dasavleT saqarTveloSi cnobili e.w. `Tavsabani miwa~ 246
aseTi Tvisebebis yofiliyo. mecnieri ase igonebs mikvlevis ambavs: `dauyovnebliv Tavi movuyare donis politeqnikumis qarTvel studentTa wres, gavacani fersmanis naSromebis Sinaarsi da vTxove damxmarebodnen, moepovebinaT CemTvis am Taviseburi mineralis nimuSebi guriidan, samegrelodan, imereTidan . . . studentebma didi yuradRebiT miiRes Cemi winadadeba da sami kviris Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan daiwyes CemTvis saintereso mineralebis gamogzavna~ (Tbilisis universitetis moambe, tIII, gv. 332). 1916w. al. TvalWreliZe Camodis saqarTveloSi. man `Tavsabani miwis~ met-naklebi maragis sabado aRmoaCina dasavleT saqarTvelos 50-ze met punqtSi, magram sawarmoo mniSvnelobis maragi arsad iyo. erT dRes quTaisis bazarSi axalgazrda mecnieri waawyda glexs, romelic `Tavsabani miwis~ Zelakes yidda. igi gahyva glexs sofel gumbrSi da aRmoaCina bentonituri Tixis didi sabado, romelsac al. TvalWreliZem soflis saxeli – `gumbrini~ uwoda. magram sabados mecnieruli Seswavla man mxolod 1928 wlidan SeZlo. es iyo dro, rodesac Cveni mrewveloba navTobis sawmendad aSS-dan Camotanil bentonitur Tixas – `floridins~ iyenebda. gumbrinis teqnikuri gamocda Catarda baqoSi, àznevTis~ specialur laboratoriaSi, agreTve baTumis navTobis laboratoriasa da Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi. gamocdas xelmZRvanelobda prof. al. TvalWreliZe da qimikosi s. filatovi. gamocdam gamoavlina <strong>qarTuli</strong> gumbrinis upiratesoba amerikul bentonitur (atapuluguris) TixasTan SedarebiT. `gumbrinma` Cveni qveyana gaaTavisufla amerikidan floridinis importisagan, xolo universitetis mcire laboratoriis bazaze 1925 wels Seiqmna sakavSiro gamoyenebiTi mineralogiis institutis 247
Page 1 and 2:
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti
Page 3 and 4:
Sesavali saqarTvelos miwa mdidaria
Page 5 and 6:
polimorfuli saxesxvaoba gamowveulia
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da metamorfuli warmoSobis qanebi: g
Page 9 and 10:
oqro qimiurad inertulia, maRal temp
Page 11 and 12:
omaeli istorikosi apiane (ax.w. IIs
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wveTis da sxvaTa saxiT. qviSrobuli
Page 15 and 16:
olnisis madniani raionis (xrami, ma
Page 17 and 18:
zedapiris garkveul doneze daJanguli
Page 19 and 20:
kina rkina (Fe) sakmaod farTo gavrc
Page 21 and 22:
sulfidebi silikatebis Semdeg, sulfi
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spilenZis sulfidi spilenZis Semcvel
Page 25 and 26:
danaleq qanebSic. gamoyeneba - spil
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saidanac madans iRebdnen. pompeis g
Page 29 and 30:
sxva sabadoebic (afxazeTSi, aWaraSi
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aseve xmaroben manqanebis wvrili na
Page 33 and 34:
saqarTveloSi vercxliswylis sabadoeb
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kavkasionis samxreT ferdobze anTimo
Page 37 and 38:
stibiumi (surma) da misi naerTebi m
Page 39 and 40:
cnobili. ZarRvebis simZlavre 0,1-1,
Page 41 and 42:
aris Tavisufali Jangbadi. Jangeuleb
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qurebi, romlebic agreTve rkinis uZv
Page 45 and 46:
metalurgiuli warmoeba. CaTaxis rkin
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saqarTveloSi manganumis didi sabado
Page 49 and 50:
herman abixma, romelmac aRniSna sab
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ormagi gardatexa - 0,009. kvarcis m
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Semdeg `vercxlis WurWelsa arRara aq
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`TvalTaiSi~ Tormet Zvirfas qvas Sor
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zoliania Tu zolebs moklebuli, qalce
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amgvarad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqa
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mezozourSi, gansakuTrebiT carcul na
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Jangis minareviT, xolo moyviTalo-wi
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feodalur dromde. ZiriTadad gamoyene
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aqatisagan gaTlili unikaluri mZiveb
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sicarieleebi amovsebulia SiO2 is x
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agregatebis agebulebis mixedviT, ar
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wyaro ujarmasTan; Telavis raioni -
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kalcits farTod iyenebs saxalxo meur
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nikolis prizmebisTvis vargisi islan
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dasaxsruli samajurebisaTvis, aseve
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sulfatebis ramdenime saxeobaa cnobi
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fxvnili swrafad Seikvreba - gamyard
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ariti g. smitis mier bariti Setanil
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ufro xSiria mTliani, marcvlovani, m
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qvas, xolo arabulad ki qvas, romels
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1. firuzis budobebis warmoqmnisaTvi
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tanisamosi mravlad iyo daculi saqar
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eba - minisebri, gamofitul saxesxva
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azaltebSi da sxv. arasodes gvxvdeba
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amfibolebs Soris magmuri qanebisaTv
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singonia - monoklinuri, simagre - 6
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20sm-mde, TiTqmis kvadratuli kveTis
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kordieriti kordieriti mesame klasis
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`TvalTaiSi~ es minerali bivrilonis,
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lopan-WeraTxevis serpentini gaprial
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saqarTveloSi Zveli droidan yofila c
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magi gardatexa - 0.015, sufTa ceoli
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xolo 117 3+ R 2 Al, Fe, Cr. laTinu
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giorgis xati (1636 w.), aqvea beqa
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karbonatuli qanebis kontaqtur-metas
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almasi -C saqarTveloSi almasi cnobi
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li ese andamati hswodebodes amis ga
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daculi Tamar mefis yelis jvars (XII
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zurmuxti xSirad amkobda mefeTa gvir
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lali amkobs ana qsnis erisTavis say
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iyo uralSi, altaiSi da imier-baikal
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erTi oTaxis kedelze saxeni kacisa d
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margaliti qimiuri SedgenilobiT, mar
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qvebis zogadi saxelic. Zvel qarTulS
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viTa margalitsa, hyris vardisa da s
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sxvadasxva ferisaa: avstraliis sada
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gujaraSi aRniSnulia: àRvirni TaTru
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oweulis yvavilis feri, ,,korali’
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Savi, elvare saxesxvaobaa. qimiuri
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mZivebs (e.w. `kakilebs~), krialosn
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muxti, firuzi, margaliti, fazari, l
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iaxonti, broli, fazari, sardioni, s
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`CaWirebuli lurji~ (laJvardi) da a.
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cecxlSigan Caagde cota xans daayovn
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xarbeba~, mainc, Zvirfasi qvebis Se
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mineralTa qarTuli saxelwodebebi afx
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dasawyisisaTvis ocze meti mineralur
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JangbadTan) da aRdgeniT procesTan (
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sisxlisfer oxras, mumia ewodeba. Tu
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kacobrioba uZvelesi droidan icnobs.
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kinis surinji aris afxazeTSi, aWara
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lurjidan-iisframde, arsebobis mwvan
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saukuneebSi, rodesac mas xelovnuri
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qani SesaZlebelia erTi mineralisgan
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SiO 2. Sesabamisad, SiO2 -is Semcve
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magmuri qanebis wolis formebi magmu
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lisa da xramis kristaluri masivebis
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paralelurad daSrevebul fenebad; axa
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peridotiti peridotiti oliviniani qa
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kvarci, orToklazi, pirotini, Spinel
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kainotipuri efuziuri analogi. Savi,
Page 193 and 194: eSTaSenis nacixar-naqalaqevSi, Saor
Page 195 and 196: kalcitiT, miniT amovsebuli sicariel
Page 197 and 198: masivebis, ZarRvebis saxiT. saqarTv
Page 199 and 200: saqarTveloSi andezitebis gavrcelebi
Page 201 and 202: mikroklini), plagioklazis ( An 18-3
Page 203 and 204: avgiti - 10%-s, arfedsoniti (silika
Page 205 and 206: Zirulis masivSi, xramisa da loqis k
Page 207 and 208: monconit-pegmatiti, norit-pegmatiti
Page 209 and 210: ulebiT arCeven: aglomeratul, breqCi
Page 211 and 212: saqarTveloSi tufogenur qviSaqvebSi
Page 213 and 214: saqarTveloSi (bolnisi, dmanisi, TeT
Page 215 and 216: javaxiSvili), Tavisi mefobis period
Page 217 and 218: i faciesebi zRvasa da xmeleTs Soris
Page 219 and 220: 3. organogenuli - organizmebis (rog
Page 221 and 222: naxevradblant mdgomareobaSi dineba
Page 223 and 224: ovaluri formis antiklinebs mokle Re
Page 225 and 226: naklebad ngreuli qviT Sendeboda. ri
Page 227 and 228: cementis Sedgenilobis mixedviT gamo
Page 229 and 230: minis warmoebisaTvis saWiro nedleul
Page 231 and 232: saqarTveloSi saSen qvebTan dakavSir
Page 233 and 234: mopoveba uZvelesi droidan dRemde wa
Page 235 and 236: mcxeTis sveticxovlis ezoSi aRmoaCin
Page 237 and 238: elferi miuRia. garda mSeneblobisa,
Page 239 and 240: Tixas uZvelesi droidan iyenebs adam
Page 241 and 242: ilemSi, SemoqmedSi, CorCanaSi, xonS
Page 243: entonituri Tixa maT saxeli ewoda aS
Page 247 and 248: diddeba moculobaSi. Sedgeba tute mo
Page 249 and 250: suramis da misi midamoebis (itria,
Page 251 and 252: fiqlebi cnobilia ivris xeobis zemo
Page 253 and 254: kirqva kirqva, metwilad, zRviuri da
Page 255 and 256: Sina monasteri ugumbaTo, wiTlis brw
Page 257 and 258: mowafes carciT gamohyavs winadadeba
Page 259 and 260: wers: àrs sasaxle mefeTagan did Se
Page 261 and 262: dolomitei kirqvisgan ar gansxvavdeb
Page 263 and 264: saqarTveloSi Sirimis anu spontikis
Page 265 and 266: metamorfuli qanebi saqarTvelos teri
Page 267 and 268: aspiduri fiqali aspiduri fiqali yve
Page 269 and 270: andaluzitiT, kianitiT da biotitiT.
Page 271 and 272: cituls, kvarc-hidroqarsians da kvar
Page 273 and 274: marmarilo kirqvebisa da dolomitebis
Page 275 and 276: msoflioSi cnobilia italiis qalaq ka
Page 277 and 278: da friad didi~. am cnobidan Cans, r
Page 279 and 280: sarCevi Sesavali ------------------
Page 281 and 282: glaukoniti ------------------------
Page 283 and 284: danaleqi qanis mineraluri Sedgenilo
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