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CONSIDERAŢII CU PRIVIRE LA RELAŢIA
JURIDICĂ ÎNTRE GRUPUL DE CONTRACTE
ŞI RELATIVITATEA CONVENŢIONALĂ
Adrian CIRCA
Considerations on the Legal Relationship between Contracts
Group and Conventional Relativity
Abstract. Conventional relativity argues against a person’s being
held liable by the obligations subscribed by another person, without his prior
consent. Consequently, the contractual nature of liability among the members
of the same group is not accepted, and the group contracts cannot generate
contractual bonds.
Nevertheless, just balance must be established between the creditor’s
interest who expects to be remunerated and who acts on delict grounds, and
the sub-obligor’s interest who aims to impose certain clauses limiting
liability. So much so that the creditor may assume delictual fault by simply
not carrying out the provisions of the contract. Hence, the creditor is not a
third party proper but rather an interested third party who nurtures a bond
which requires that contractual predictability be ensured.
Keywords: contract, the principle of relativity of conventions effects,
liability out of contract, non-contractual liability.
1. NOŢIUNI INTRODUCTIVE
Contractul poate fi înţeles ca o legătură realizată între părţi şi
că poate produce efecte faţă de terţi în condiţiile legii. Relativitatea
efectelor convenţiilor reglementată de art. 973 Cod civil 1 semnifică
1 Principiul relativităţii se regăseşte înscris în art. 1280 din Noul Cod
civil, ce poartă denumirea marginală – Relativitatea efectelor contractului:
„Contractul produce efecte numai între părţi, dacă prin lege nu se prevede
altfel.” [PARLAMENTUL ROMÂNIEI (PR), Codul Civil (din 17.07.2009),
„M.Of. al României”, Partea I, nr. 511 din 24.07.2009]
*** Cunoaştere, Interes, Responsabilitate¸ Vasile MARIAN (coord.), Edit.
„Argonaut”, Cluj-Napoca, 2010, p. 285–300