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Ìá– –åÆ‹ –ÅèÌÇà–Âî‹Ó–ÂÜÖãÍÍ–ÇìÌ–Ìà̸̖ –åÌ–â×Öà–Èá–âÌêÌ–ÀàÌ–ã͊ÖÈéÌ–ãÍŠÃ–ÎŠà –ãË̖˯ –Äß–ã͊ÖÈéÌÑÞÖԊàÖÈÞ×.ÀáÌíÈÀÜÍ Åá–ÖèÍ–ÀàÌ–Ìá–åÆ‹–âÁȖΊà ÝŠ×Ó–ÀèÌ–ÛàÇ–Í‹àÌ (–âͪÖÀŠÜÖÅèÖÖ×ÓÍíÈÝÞÌÁ‹àÖÖîŠÓ).ÖßÍÞÍ–ÀàÌ–Âî‹Ó–ÂÜÖΊà–ÝŠ×Ó–ÀèÌ–ÛàÇ–Í‹àÌ (Foppes & Dechainaux, 2000)Ú͋àÌ–Ü‹ÜÓ–ÝÜ͖Ίà–ÅßØÃ×Ì–âÆ–ÍèÖÌ×Ì Ë¯–ÅàÖß–×èÌ –âÂêÇ–âÎèÌ–Ú͋àÌ–ËîÀ–ÇàÀ, ÁàÈ–âÁ¿à–ÀéÌ –ãÖß –âÎèÌ–Ùêò –âÎèÌ–ÎßÄá.–åÌ–ÆŠ×à 6 Îê ÏŠàÌ–Óà ËàÖÑàÀ–ÖèÈ–æÈ‹–ÁíÌÁ×àÇ–åØ‹–ÎßÆàÆíÌ–åÌ–Í‹àÌ–âÛ³à̸ ÇíÀÇ‹àǖʪ̖ÊàÌÜÜÀ–ÄàÀ–âÁȖΊà–ÅßØÃ×Ì–æΖÔïŠ –åÌ–âÁȖ˯ –Óê–ѺÌ˯ –Í¡ –ÜîÈíÓÅíÓÍïÌ. ÎßÆàÆíÌ–Àç–ÇèÖÅìÍÉ¡ –Øà–Îà, –âÀèÍ ÂÎÈ, –âÜíà–ÅèÈ–âÁ¿à–æΖ֋ÞÃ, –âÀèÍ–ÒìÌ, ÖèÀÖÜÍ ÖŠà–ÅèÈ–ãÖß ÉèÈ–æÓ‹ –åÌ–âÁȖΊà–ÅßØÃ×Ì. ÀàÌ–ÆŠ×ÖÆéà ÇàÈ–ãNJÖåÌ–ÀàÌ–âÀèÍ–ÆèÍÑßÇàÀÜ̖˯–Óê–ÔԊàÖÄáÀèÈÜè̸̖ –æÈ‹–Ìá–æΖÅÀàÌ–âÀêÈ–Á§–ÁèÈ–ãNJÖÀèÌ–Á¹ÌÖßØ׊àÖ͋àÌ. –âѲÜÅ‹àÖÂ×àÓ–âÁ¿à–åĖ˯–âÜÀß–ÑàÍ–ÀèÌ –âÊéÖÂ×àÓ–Äá–âÎèÌ–åÌ–ÀàÌÌá–åÆ‹ –ãÖßÜßÌîÖèÀ–Ίà–æÓ‹, –äÂÃÀà̖ųÖâÅêÓ–ÀàÌ–Ìá–åÆ‹ ÂÎÈ –ãÍÍ–ÇìÌ–ÌàÌ –æÈò–ÄèÈ–ÀÜÖÎßÆîÓ –ãÖß Ìá–âÜíàÆà×Í‹àÌ–ÄàÀ–Í‹àÌ–ÉŠàÖâÊéà 20 Í‹àÌ– Óà–ÎëÀÅà–ØàÖì–ÝŠ×Ó–ÀèÌ. ÀÜÖÎßÆîÓ–æÈ‹–Ìá–æΖÅïŠ ÀàÌ–Óê–Á§–ÉíÀÖíÖ݊×Ó–ÀèÌ–ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–ÖßÍÞÍ–ÀàÌ–Ìá–åÆ‹–Ίà–æÓ‹–âƪÖâÎè̖ѺÌÊà̖˯ –Äß–åÆ‹ –åÌ–ÀàÌ–Àá–ÌíÈ–ÖàÇ–ÖßÜÞÈÀèÌ–åØ‹ –ãċÖɲӖåÌ–ÀÜÖÎßÆîÓ–Á´ÌÉ¡ –ƒ–æÎ. Ïï‹ –âÁ¿à–ÝŠ×Ó–ËèÖÚíÈ Ö×ÓËèÖÉí×–ãËÌ–ÄàÀ–âÓìÜà –ãÓŠÌ–Óê–Â×àÓ–ÀßÉìÖì–Ö¿Ì –åÌ–ÀàÌ–ÅìÍÉ¡Áß–Í×ÌÀàÌ. âÁ¿à–ÆŠ×Ç–Æà×Í‹àÌ –âƲÜÓ–äÇÖÂ×àÓ–ÝѺÌÍ‹àÌ –âÁ¿à–ÀèÍ–Â×àÓ–Ýï‹–ËàÖ×éËßÇàÅàÈ –äÈÇÉ¡–ÇÜÈ–ÄàÀ–Â×àÓ–âÎèÌ–ØŠ×ÖÁÜÖˋÜÖʪ̖˯–ÓêÉ¡–ÀàÌ–Ûî‡È–ÖíÖÁÜà ÂÎÈ.Å×Ç–äÜÀàÈ–âÁ¿à–Øà–ÜáÌàÈ–ÀàÌ–ÎíÀÂÜÖˋÜÃ–ÊªÌ –äÜ‹ –ÖíÓ–äÌ‹ÓÌ‹à×–åØ‹ –âØèÌ–æÈ‹ –âÊéÖÂ×àÓ–ÅáÂèÌ ÁÜÖÀàÌ–Óê–ÖßÍÞÍ–ÀàÌ–Ìá–åÆ‹–ÆèÍÑßÇàÀÜÌ–åÌ–Ë‹ÜÖʪÌ. ÅòàÖ×éËê–ÀàÌ–ÅáÖèÍ–Îß–âÓêÌ –ãÖß ÉéÈÉàÓ ÅßÊàÌß–ÑàÍ ÁÜà ÂÎÈ Ë¯–âƲܖÊì–æÈ‹. ÄèÈÉ´ÃÜíÖÀÜÌ–Êà×ÜÌ–ÅáÖèÍ–ÀàÌ–Ö×Í–Ö×Ó –ãÖß –âÀèÍ–Ó‹ÞÌ Á§–ÓïÌÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–ÑìÈ–ÉŠàÃ.Èá–âÌêÌ–Àà̖¿ÌÂ׋à ÀŠÞ×–ÀèÍ–Â×àÓ–ÇìÌ–ÌàÌ –ãÖß ÏíÌ–ÀßËíÍ–ËàÖÌé–â×È ÁÜÖÀàÌ–ÁîȖ¿ÌÂÎÈ ÍîÖéÓßÅéÈ Ë¯Óê–ÉßØðàÈÅíÈ–åÅ.Ìá–åÆ‹ –ÀàÌ–ÅëÀÅà –Îß–âÓêÌ–ÂîÌŠà (–ãÝÖÃàÌ É¡ –ÀèÍ –ÂîÌŠà–âÎèÌâÃéÌ) –ãÖß ÏíÌ–ÀßËíÍ–ËàÃŪÖã×È–Ö‹ÜÓ/ÅèÃÂíÓ Ë¯ –Óê–É¡ –Ìß–äÇÍàÇÀàÌ–ÑèÈËßÌà–ÆíÌÌßÍíÈ –âѲܖÅíÓ–ËÞÍ–ÏíÌÎß–äÇȖ˯ –æÈ‹ÄàÀ–ÀàÌÄèÈ–ÅèÌ–ÎŠà –âÑ²Ü ÂÎÈ –ãÖß ÀàÌ–Ìá–åÆ‹–˯–ÈéÌ–Îß–âÑȖܲÌ.Å‹àà Ûì –ÜßÌîÖèÀ–ãۊÖãÌ×–ÑèÌ– ÂÎÈ åÌ–ÊªÌ –âӲܖÀàÌ–Ìá–âÜíà ÂÎÈ ÜÜÀ–Óà–ÎïÀ–ÌÜÀ–ʪÌÓê–Â×àÓ–ØÇî‹ÃÇàÀ. ÄèÈ–ÅèÌ ÂÎ–È Ë¯–Óê–åÌ–Ëá–Óß–ÆàÈ –âѲܖâѸÓÏßÖéÈÏíÌ.46NTFP handbook.indb 4603/05/2009 8:46:34 AM