VGB POWERTECH 10 (2019)

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Minderung von Quecksilberemissionen durch Additivdosierung VGB PowerTech 10 l 2019 Download/2017.05.31-10.22.47- 129.69.23.213-radA212F.tmp/3-8440- 1897-2_INH.PDF [23.05.2017]. [13] Bittig, M. (2010): Zum Einfluss unterschiedlicher Liganden auf die Quecksilberabscheidung in absorptiven Abgasreinigungsstufen [Dissertation]. Duisburg-Essen : Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Abteilung Maschinenbau der Universität Duisburg-Essen, [online] http:// www.shaker.eu/Online-Gesamtkatalog- Down-load/2017.05.31-10.17.37- 129.69.23.213-rad6C5A3.tmp/3-8322- 9920-3_INH.PDF [29.05.2017]. [14] Ma, Y. et al. (2014): Absorption characteristic of elemental mercury in mercury chloride solutions. In: Journal of Environmental Sciences, Band 26, S. 2257-2265, [online] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265855259_Absorption_characteristics_of_elemental_mercury_in_mercury_ chloride_solutions [03.06.2019]. [15] chemie.de: Absorption (Chemie) [online] https://www.chemie.de/lexikon/Absorption_(Chemie).html [03.06.2019] [16] Fritzsche, J. (2017): Fixation of mercury compunds in scrubbersystems of hazardous/ municipial waste incineration (WCI) plants and FGD power stations NETfloc SMF-1, In: VGB Workshop “Mercury Control 2017”. [17] AQUA-Technik GmbH (2019): Produktinformation, [online] http://www.aquatechnik.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/cleanfloc-epomax-p1-de. pdf [26.06.2019]. [18] Müller, D. (2000): Herstellung von kohlenstoffhaltigen Adsorbentien aus polymeren Ausgangsprodukten unter Anwendung eines neuentwickelten Pyrolysereaktors [Dissertation]. Freiberg: Fakultät für Maschinenbau, Verfahrens- und Energietechnik, [online] http://www.shaker.eu/Online-Ge- samtkatalog-Download/2017.05.31- 10.17.37-129.69.23.213-rad6C5A3. tmp/3-8322-9920-3_INH.PDF [29.05.2017]. [19] Theveßen, R. (1994): Untersuchungen zur Adsorption und Desorption von Quecksilber und Quecksilber(lI)chlorid auf Herdofenkoks [Dissertation]. Aachen: RWTH Aachen Institut für Sicherheitsforschung und Reaktortechnik [online] http://juser.fzjuelich.de/record/136167/files/ Juel_2946_Thevessen.pdf [03.06.2019]. [20] Haul, R. (1993): Molekularer Transport in porösen Netzwerken - Adsorbentien, Katalysatoren. In: Jahrbuch 1993 der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, S.107-115 [online] https://publikationsserver.tu-braunschweig.de/ servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/ dbbs_derivate_00032682/Haul_Molekularer_ Transport.pdf [03.06.2019]. [21] Lumex Analytics GmbH (2008): RA-915 AMFG Automatic mercury monitor for flue gas - operational manual, Rev. A-1. [22] MLS GmbH (2019): Produktinformation DMA-80, [online] https://analytik.news/ Produkte/173.html [03.06.2019]. [23] Riethmann, T. (2013): Untersuchung zur Sorption von Quecksilber aus Verbrennungsabgasen und Nebenprodukten in Entschwefelungsanlagen [Dissertation]. Stuttgart: Fakultät Energie-, Verfahrens- und Biotechnik der Universität Stuttgart. l FIND & GET FOUND! POWERJOBS.VGB.ORG ONLINE–SHOP | WWW.VGB.ORG/SHOP VGB-Standard Interaction of Conformity Assessment and Industrial Safety in Hydropower Plants Zusammenwirken von Konformitätsbewertung und Arbeitsschutz in Wasserkraftanlagen JOBS IM INTERNET | WWW.VGB.ORG NEU! NEW! Ausgabe/edition 2017 – VGB-S-033-00-2017-07-EN/ VGB-S-033-00-2017-07-DE DIN A4, 106 Pa ges, Pri ce for VGB mem bers € 180,–, for non mem bers € 240,–, + VAT, ship ping and hand ling. DIN A4, 106 Pages, Preis für VGB-Mit glie der € 180.–, für Nicht mit glie der € 240,–, + Ver sand kos ten und MwSt. European legislation strictly distinguishes between the characteristics and the utilization of work equipment (“New Approach”). Products placed on the market can be considered in general as safe (Directive 2001/95/EC on general product safety). Products as well are subject to specific safety requirements imposed by Community legislation (CE directives). Employers can assume that work equipment is safe within the boundaries defined by the manufacturer. For subcontracted parts, manufacturers can refer to provided certificates and documentation. In this context, hydropower generation bears some specifics in terms of technology, operational conditions, regulatory framework and external influences. VGB PowerTech and experts from various companies agreed to develop a practical guideline to this complex matter for hydropower operating companies and manufacturers. This first English edition is based on the second German edition, which includes the outcomes of a comprehensive review performed by the original authors. VGB-Standard Interaction of Conformity Assessment and Industrial Safety in Hydropower Plants 1 st English edition, 2017 VGB-S-033-00-2017-07-EN This document is intended to support the involved parties in achieving compliance for all regulatory requirements and to foster a cooperative project realization. The guidance provided in this document assumes the correct technical characteristics for all components of a product. Chapter 4 provides a general overview on hydropower generation, which allows a first introduction into this complex matter, while the remaining chapters are essential. In Chapter 11, practical hydropower examples are described. * Access for eBooks (PDF files) is included in the membership fees for Ordinary Members (operators, plant owners) of VGB PowerTech e.V. * Für Ordentliche Mitglieder des VGB ist der Bezug von eBooks im Mitgliedsbeitrag enthalten. VGB PowerTech Service GmbH Deilbachtal 173 | 45257 Essen | P.O. Box 10 39 32 | Germany Verlag technisch-wissenschaftlicher Schriften Fon: +49 201 8128-200 | Fax: +49 201 8128-302 | Mail: mark@vgb.org | www.vgb.org/shop 56
VGB PowerTech 10 l 2019 Analysis of a grid integrated wind energy conversion system Analysis of a grid integrated wind energy conversion system – adaptive moth flame optimization with ANN technique P. Sebastian Vindro Jude and R. Mahalakshmi Kurzfassung Analyse eines netzintegrierten Windenergieumwandlungssystems – Anwendung der Adaptive Moth Flame Optimization Mit Windkraftanlagen (WECS) wird Windenergie in Strom umgewandelt und in das Stromnetz eingespeist. Infolge der Einspeisung des Stroms in das Netz kann es zu vielfältigen Herausforderungen für Netz und Einspeiser kommen. Hier ist für die Umrichtung eine geeignete Steuerung erforderlich, um das Netz nicht zu belasten und die Aufrechterhaltung der Netzfrequenz zu gewährleisten. In dieser Arbeit wird ein adaptives Verfahren vorgeschlagen, um die Netzintegration von Windenergieanlagen umzusetzen. Das adaptive Verfahren ist eine Kombination aus Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) Algorithmus und Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Verfahren. l Authors Dr. P. Sebastian Vindro Jude Professor Dr. R. Mahalakshmi Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering Coimbatore, India Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) are used to convert wind power and feed them into the electricity grid. According to the feed-in of WECS into grid, the foremost power quality conflict is diverse in power and harmonic. Here, the grid side converter requires proper control to sustain the grid organization and to maintain Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in equipped boundaries. In this document, the adaptive procedure is proposed to develop the presentation of the grid integrated WECS. The adaptive procedure is the mixture of Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) Algorithm and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) procedure. The proposed adaptive process is exploited to examine the dc link voltage and the grid side presentation. At this point, a cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (MLI) is proposed to examine the grid side deviation and maintain the active presentation of the system. The proposed adaptive MFO-ANN procedure is enhanced for the finest pulses of cascaded H-bridge MLI and voltage, power regulation is accomplished. The foremost requirement of finest switching function is to evade the complication of the fault voltage group. The MFO algorithm is exploited to optimize the expand limitation of PID regulator in the regulator division. Afterward, ANN is employed by means of the optimized expand values. Here, the finest control pulse is engendered to augment the presentation of grid incorporated power system. The proposed adaptive MFO among ANN procedure is executed in the working platform of MATLAB/Simulink and the output presentation is investigated. Here, the anticipated method is distinct by the obtainable procedures like MFO and Firefly Algorithm (FA)- ANN procedure for to estimate the presentation of proposed process. Keywords: Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter, WECS, grid, MFO, ANN, FA and voltage regulation Introduction Nowadays, the world is searching the substitute of fossil fuels and WECSs for a hygienic and cheap energy society which is illustrate the consideration as clean electricity basis [1-3]. Wind energy is the best rising renewable energy resources which maintain to grow every year in numerous countries [4]. In recent times, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) is established a lot concentration in wind-energy purpose. In the rotor of the PMSG, The permanent magnet is providing magnetizing current redundantly. According to the nonexistence of the magnetizing current, the PMSG is operating for the identical output at a privileged power feature. Therefore, it is extra competent than further machines. Moreover, the multipole PMSG is improving the dependability of the variable speed wind turbine through a direct-drive train system rather than the gearbox, which also consequences in inexpensive [5-7]. Currently, variable speed Wind Turbine Generator System (WTGS) is trendier than fixed speed [8]. Generally, generators are considered as fixed speed wind generator by their advanced uniqueness like brushless and rough production, inexpensive, preservation free, and ease of process. Suppose, if a short circuit error is taking place in the power system, then it entails great reactive power to recuperate the air gap flux [9-11]. If not, the induction generator turns out to be unsteady by reason of the great dissimilarity among electromagnetic and mechanical torques. Afterward, it necessities detached from the power system. A power failure of large wind farm encompasses a grave consequence on the power system function [12]. A wind farm includes numerous wind generators which related to the communication system in the course of a solitary bus [13]. Some of the significant scientific necessities for wind farms are considered by several grid codes like active and reactive power regulation, voltage and frequency working restrictions and wind farm activities for the period of grid disturbances. Some of the significant scientific necessities for wind farms are considered by several grid codes like active and reactive 57
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