Processing: Creative Coding and Computational Art

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Stage 3 adds the gradient: /* title: fun with variables description: stepped radial gradient created: August 7, 2005 by: Ira Greenberg */ // declare some global variables int xpos; int ypos; int interval; int gradientWidth, gradientHeight; // set the sketch window size and background size(200,200); background(0); // define variable values // controls banding of gradient interval = 255/5; // radial width/height gradientWidth = gradientHeight = width; //radial center pt xpos = width/2; ypos = height/2; //turn off stroke rendering noStroke(); //create ellipses //set fill color and render ellipse fill(interval); ellipse(xpos, ypos, gradientWidth, gradientHeight); fill(interval*2); ellipse(xpos, ypos, gradientWidth-interval, gradientHeight-interval); fill(interval*3); ellipse(xpos, ypos, gradientWidth-interval*2,➥ gradientHeight-interval*2); fill(interval*4); ellipse(xpos, ypos, gradientWidth-interval*3,➥ gradientHeight-interval*3); fill(interval*5); ellipse(xpos, ypos, gradientWidth-interval*4,➥ gradientHeight-interval*4); CODE GRAMMAR 101 69 3
PROCESSING: CREATIVE CODING AND COMPUTATIONAL ART 70 Figure 3-2. Completed stepped radial gradient I begin the program with my standard “about the program” comments. Then I declare some global variables at the top of the program. Global, as opposed to local, means that the variables will be available from any place within the program. Later, when I cover functions, I’ll discuss this concept, called scope, further. You’ll notice I declared all the variables as type int. The line int gradientWidth, gradientHeight; declares both gradientWidth and gradientHeight variables as type int in one line. When declaring and initializing variables, you can put them on individual lines or bunch them together. For example, the following line is perfectly legal: int var1 = 3, var2 = 5, var3 = 6, var4 = 0; I declare four variables of type int, while also initializing them with initial values. After declaring variables, I set the size properties and background color of the sketch window: size(200,200); background(0); You might recognize these as function calls, in which dimensions (width and height) and color arguments are passed to the respective Processing functions. These functions are built into the Processing language, which is why you don’t see the functions defined in the program anywhere. After you set the sketch window dimensions using the size(200, 200) command, you can then retrieve the sketch window size using Processing’s built-in global properties: width and height. You’ll notice these words turn a reddish color in the editor when you type them in, letting you know they are built-in properties in Processing.
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IrA GreenberG CreATe CoDe ArT, vIsu
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Processing: Creative Coding and Com
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CONTENTS AT A GLANCE Foreword . . .
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CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS viii The joy of math . . .
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CONTENTS x Applying OOP to shape cr
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CONTENTS xii Environment . . . . .
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FOREWORD If you are like me (and th
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR With an eclectic b
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very fortunate
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INTRODUCTION Welcome to Processing:
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INTRODUCTION xxii Intended audience
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INTRODUCTION xxiv Setting up Proces
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INTRODUCTION xxvi Hopefully by now
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INTRODUCTION xxviii Figure 3. Scree
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INTRODUCTION xxx New or changed cod
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1 CODE ART
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The problem with a Photoshop filter
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Figure 1-3. Example of ancient art
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then jump 400 years to 1614 and Joh
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fertile imagination remained intact
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As an aside, it’s worth observing
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John Whitney Sr., 1918-1995 John Wh
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algorithms. To learn more about Coh
Page 50 and 51: landfill/), and Feed (www.potatolan
Page 52 and 53: periodicals such as Art Journal, Wi
Page 54 and 55: And many more . . . While I have in
Page 58 and 59: 2 CREATIVE CODING
Page 60 and 61: I think what was reinforced for me
Page 62 and 63: customized commands, and run loops.
Page 64 and 65: of code that work like processing m
Page 66 and 67: introduced to become larger, more c
Page 68 and 69: Without getting too geeky, the main
Page 70 and 71: A framework is just a concept for b
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Page 74 and 75: frame. The loop keeps running and k
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Page 78 and 79: } pts[counter2].y-yg); xg*=-1; coun
Page 80 and 81: The overall movement was good, but
Page 82 and 83: Obviously, there are a lot of thing
Page 84 and 85: } } // generates organic looking br
Page 88 and 89: 3 CODE GRAMMAR 101
Page 90 and 91: Your first program In most programm
Page 92 and 93: message comes up on the bar in the
Page 94 and 95: Since the getBreed() method would r
Page 96 and 97: Variables Variables are essential t
Page 98 and 99: It’s because strict typing helps
Page 102 and 103: Next, I assign values to some primi
Page 104 and 105: In the first preceding example, add
Page 106 and 107: Assignment operators The only other
Page 108 and 109: * title: Bouncing Ball description:
Page 110 and 111: Animation is a perfect example of t
Page 112 and 113: if (hunger= starving) { eatAnything
Page 114 and 115: Ternary operator The last condition
Page 116 and 117: The items array has 50 places reser
Page 118 and 119: println(x); x += 1; } while(x
Page 120 and 121: Figure 3-4. Continuous radial gradi
Page 122 and 123: int ballCount = 500; int ballSize =
Page 124 and 125: Hopefully, you were able to success
Page 126 and 127: function call above*/ // fill(i*255
Page 128 and 129: If you run this, you should see a 1
Page 130 and 131: yspeed*=-1; } } Within the draw() f
Page 132 and 133: void checkCollisions(int xp, int yp
Page 134 and 135: createRect(50, 50, 100, 100, 20, 5,
Page 138 and 139: 4 COMPUTER GRAPHICS, THE FUN, EASY
Page 140 and 141: Some of the reasons coding graphics
Page 142 and 143: When working in a 3D coordinate sys
Page 144 and 145: plotted, the vertices are connected
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Within each of these application ar
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don’t realize you’re doing it
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Geometry Like algebra, geometry dat
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(second-degree) curve has one turni
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or possibly even a complete crash o
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This linear motion would plot as a
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and began doubling. By step 80, the
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*Simple Repeating Wave Pattern Ira
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float waveGap = 10; float frequency
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a piece of paper and do a little mo
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Interactivity Figure 4-13. Puff Peo
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Events will be covered and implemen
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PROCESSING: CREATIVE CODING AND COM
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6 LINES
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Figure 6-2. Two-point sketch Adding
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Streamlining the sketch with a whil
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type into the sketch. Although the
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Figure 6-7. Randomized particle spr
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Figure 6-9. Multiple randomized par
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Coding a grid To begin, I’ll show
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Notice that you can make the value
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float steps = totalPts+1; int total
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Creating space through fades Your l
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for (int j=0; j
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Figure 6-19. Yin Yang Fade sketch,
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coordinates of the line. For exampl
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Figure 6-24. End cap variation exam
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Figure 6-25. Auto Layout sketch Thi
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int xPadding = 150; int yPadding =
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Figure 6-27. Table Layout II sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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This is the same drawTable() functi
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easy. The benefit of internally rec
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I call my custom function makeRect(
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As you might suspect, anti-aliasing
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call scribble function strokeWeight
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else { } // extra line needed to at
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smooth(); float x = random(width);
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Figure 6-36. Concentric Maze sketch
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void setup(){ //these values can be
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Create a Triangle size(400, 400); b
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Figure 6-39. Create 3 Triangles ske
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Poly Pattern I (table structure) /*
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Poly Pattern II (spiral) /* Poly Pa
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Poly Pattern III (polystar) /* Poly
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Figure 6-46. Poly Pattern III (poly
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7 CURVES
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size(200, 200); background(255); in
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You should notice some familiar str
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int margin = height/15; strokeWeigh
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Figure 7-8. Revealing the points ma
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* Curves II Ira Greenberg, December
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lower particle speed ySpeed[i]*=gra
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Figure 7-11. Curves simulating a fo
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Figure 7-13. Damping effect on curv
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particle style strokeWeight(strokeS
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By using functions to organize a pr
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 7-18. Generating a curve wit
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float x = 0, y = 0; int loopLimit =
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concentric circles size(200, 200);
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Pie charts, although valuable as vi
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curve() and bezier() The next two P
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Next is an interactive example that
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Figure 7-27. Interpolating a Bézie
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ezier(350, 100, 400, 150, 350, 250,
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Figure 7-30. Spline curve using Pro
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curve segments noFill(); // comment
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control handles fill(255); ellipse(
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Figure 7-32. bezier() vs. bezierVer
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curveVertex(92+x, 15); curveVertex(
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strokeWeight(.75); stroke(0); rectM
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Figure 7-35. Bézier Ellipse sketch
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I included one last example (shown
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curveTightness(tightness); beginSha
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Summary Curves, and the math behind
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10 COLOR AND IMAGING
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left squares fill(255, 120, 0); rec
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the color. Up to this point in the
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} radius*=ratio; ratio-=.1; } } els
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Figure 10-4. Alpha sketch In this e
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A quick review of creating transfor
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* Nematode - stage 1 Ira Greenberg,
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Figure 10-8. Nematode sketch (stage
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Figure 10-9. Finished Nematode sket
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the decreasing wavelengths of the i
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values, just to illustrate the poss
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lerpColor() uses the same approach
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I want to mention two final points
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column for (int i=x; i
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needs to be increased, as radius in
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Figure 10-19. Wave Gradient sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 10-23. Load an Image sketch
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The image() function has an extra f
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In the last example, I created an a
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Figure 10-27. Simple Image Encrypti
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Figure 10-28. Pixilate sketch The n
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Figure 10-30. Tint sketch Speeding
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* Tint (using bitwise operations) C
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the book that a primitive type is d
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The mask works like an alpha channe
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ect(random(width), random(height),
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This last sketch couldn’t be simp
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separate out and invert component c
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Figure 10-39. GRAY Filter sketch Th
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adius is set high, the blurring can
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lend() PImage Method sketch // both
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Figure 10-45. blend() Function with
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The next sketch utilizes some for l
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In the last example, I used Process
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Inheritance In OOP, inheritance des
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AXIS_VERTICAL from outside the Grad
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y axis if(axis == AXIS_VERTICAL){ f
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calculate differences between color
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c7 = color(0); c8 = color(255); r1
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In the “Imaging” section, you d
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12 INTERACTIVITY
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} public void mouseClicked(MouseEve
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void setup(){ size(400, 400); // in
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initialize x, y x = width/2.0; y =
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float friction = .85; float[]jitter
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nodeYPos = append(nodeYPos, mouseY)
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As usual, I declare global variable
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are filled with black. Using the in
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} } } } } // bottom display window
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color btnUpState = color(200, 200,
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float xSpeed = 0; color movingSquar
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xSpeed-=.2; btn1Background = btnDow
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mouse trails if (isTrailable){ fill
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isTrailsSelected, which changes the
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shapes. The following example, in s
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set initial button background color
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also makes the code a little harder
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stroke(200); rect(eraserBtn[0], era
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} sliderValue = (sliderHandle[0]-sl
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if (!isBrushSelected){ if (mouseX>b
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selection can be active at a time.
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ectBackground = color(255, 0, 0); }
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is smaller (vertically) than the en
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keys 2-8 control number of edges fo
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strokeWeight(strokeWt); float angle
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Summary We began this chapter compa
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A PROCESSING LANGUAGE API
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http://processing.org/. My main obj
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its binary equivalent. I used some
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part of the article as well. My sug
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Example 1: A Java approach void set
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The combination of these two struct
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Example 3: Creating a honeycomb gra
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Conditionals Conditionals and the r
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Shape // top and bottom boundaries
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You’ll notice that by default, th
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start dragging if flag true for (in
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pushMatrix(); rotateY(-frameCount*P
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egular polygon size(400, 400); smoo
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texture(images[3]); vertex(w, -h/2,
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lots of arrays float[]x = new float
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Keyboard Figure A-9. Box Springs sk
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entering CMD). When using a command
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hour hand strokeWeight(2); stroke(5
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In the next example, I use beginRec
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Transformations include moving, sca
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float ang; int rows = 20; int cols
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vertex(-w/2 + shiftX, -h/2 + shiftY
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Lights The Lights section includes
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system, you can try lowering the re
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ankAngle+=bankSpeed; vert = -600 +z
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Setting The Setting section include
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ellipseMode(CORNER); fill(200, 200,
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of this part of the API. These myst
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Image The Image section relates ver
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Loading & Displaying The Loading &
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these elements is the creation of a
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Typography Processing utilizes mult
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This will output a list of all the
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“Operators” will hopefully soun
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The noise() function is an advanced
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B MATH REFERENCE
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After multiplying, you can reduce t
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Here’s an example: When dividing,
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Figure B-1. Using a right triangle
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Here’s how the process works: pic
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In Figure B-5, the point p is at 45
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ect (px, py, 5, 5); stroke(100); li
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manipulation is one area in which b
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the number, as shown in the followi
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Here’s the output: c1 in binary =
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This sketch outputs the following:
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I’m not going to provide examples
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simple-looking paint bucket tool in
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Figure B-7. Color variations filter
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INDEX 776 SYMBOLS AND NUMERICS /* a
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INDEX 778 beginShape function, 209
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INDEX 780 clipping planes, frustum,
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INDEX 782 naming conventions/rules,
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INDEX 784 functions, 440 loadPixels
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INDEX 786 filter function, 452-459
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INDEX 788 minute, 708 modelX/modelY
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INDEX 790 H haptics, 108 has-a rela
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INDEX 792 MouseListener interface,
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INDEX 794 M Mac keyboard shortcuts,
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INDEX 796 classes, 304, 321 constan
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INDEX 798 coding in 3D, 616 mapping
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INDEX 800 procedures see functions
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INDEX 802 Hybrid Shape, 366, 368 Hy
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INDEX 804 radians, converting betwe
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INDEX 806 Nematode sketch, 411, 413
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INDEX 808 text Orbiting Text sketch
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INDEX 810 VERY_HIGH option, encrypt
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