Processing: Creative Coding and Computational Art

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TRIANGLES mode, beginShape(), 368, 369 number of vertex commands, 371 Random Triangles sketch, 369 TRIANGLE_FAN mode, beginShape(), 372 tessellation, shapes, 374 triangulation using, 375–377 TRIANGLE_STRIP mode, beginShape(), 372 creating a spiral, 373–374 using, 372–373 triangulation, 374 TRIANGLE_FAN mode, 375–377 triBlur function, 347 trigonometry creating curves using trig, 255–262 history of, 131 math for graphics, 131–138, 755–760 relationship of trig functions, 755 unit circle, 756 Trigonometry section, Processing API, 742 trim function, 682 Troubleshooting command, Help menu, 158 trucks Toy Truck sketch, 354 true keyword, 86 true color, 114 TTF (TrueType) font vector format, 738 two’s complement system, 765 “Type . . . was not found” error, 148 type casting, 67, 681 type conversions, 67 types see data types typography, 737 Typography section, Processing API, 737–740 U unary operators, 76 Undo command, Edit menu, 152 unit circle, 227, 756 UNIVAC computer, 12 universal programming language, 37 updatePixels function, 431, 732 display window changes, 441 Ur game board, 6 user interfaces see GUIs uv coordinates, 549 UV mapping, 699 V Valence, 22 value property, color, 402 variables, 65–72 arrays, 83–85 case sensitivity of variable names, 65 declaring primitive variable type, 65 declaring, 66 setting data types when, 67 description, 34 global variables, 70 initializing, 66 legal names, 63 local variables, 70 primitive variables, 65 reference variables, 679 scope, 70, 183, 305 static variables, 383 strict typing, 66–72 types of, 65 Vect2D class 1D collisions, 552 asteroid shower animation, 536, 540 Vect3D class, 554 Vector class, Java, 682 vector graphics, 116–117 curves, 116 description, 115 lines, 116 pixel storage, 116 resolution independence, 117 vector-based approach, drawing application, 590 vector-based typography, 737 vectors, 521–522 applying vectors in collisions, 525 asteroid shower animation, 535–551 handling non-orthogonal collisions, 532–534 inter-object collisions, 552–561 law of reflection, 525–532 Moving Along a Vector sketch, 524 normalizing, 523–525 velocity, 522 velocity see vectors Verostko, Roman, 17 vertex function, 209–214 2D and 3D versions, 210 applying, 219 beginShape/endShape functions, 209, 210 calling vertex functions, 698 combining vertex commands, 698 disregarded extra vertex calls, 372 plotting shapes, 358 rotation of rectangle around XYZ axes, 641 using POINTS mode, 210 Vertex section, Processing API, 698 vertexCurve function, 281 vertical axis, 109 vertical line, equation for, 243 vertical lines generated from points, 185 vertices beginShape function, 209 calculating vertices of triangle, 226 curveVertex function, 520 description, 698 drawing methods and, 112 function relating to, 209–214 INDEX 809
INDEX 810 VERY_HIGH option, encryption, 439 Viola, Bill, 118 virtual camera, P3D mode, 164 virtual memory Photoshop handling huge files, 433 Visit Processing.org command, Help menu, 158 visualization see also graphics data visualization, 108 VLW format, 737 loadFont function, 738 void keyword checkCollisions function, 99 description, 305 writing custom functions, 97 void return type, 209 W Wattenberg, Martin, 23 Watz, Marius, 23 Wave Gradient sketch, 429 wave patterns moiré patterns, 134, 136 repeating distorted sine curve, 134 repeating sine curve, 132 waveforms, analog computers, 14 waves curves as particle waves, 260 springing, 511 web safe palette, 66, 114 Web section, Processing API, 707 Weight on a Spring sketch, 513, 516 while keyword, 86 while loop, 85–86 do . . . while loop, 86 multiple points in line sketch using, 177–178 Using Loop to Create Rectangles sketch, 686 whitespace, 60 quotation marks and, 201 removing whitespace around strings, 682 Whitney, John Sr., 15 width textWidth function, 740 width property stepped radial gradient program, 70 Wilson, Mark, 23 Window class creating a neighborhood, 386–389 Drawing Some Windows sketch, 388 drawWindow method, 389 method overloading, 388 using Window objects in House class, 391, 393, 394 window events, 139 Windows keyboard shortcuts, 149 world coordinates local vs. world coordinates, 111 Worm sketch, 509 X x axis, 109 .x suffix, 148 XOR (^) bitwise operator, 769 xSpeed variable, 494, 495, 497 Y y axis, 109 YaBB, Processing discourse board, 157 year function, 708 Yin Yang Fade sketch, 194 Yin Yang sketch, 190 ySpeed variable, 494, 495 Z z axis, 111 Z1 computer, 11 Zeno’s paradoxes, 733 zero, dividing by, 748 zero-indexing of arrays, 85 ZIP archives Archive Sketch command, Tools menu, 157 zoom Triangle Zoom sketch, 347 Zuse, Conrad, 11
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IrA GreenberG CreATe CoDe ArT, vIsu
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Processing: Creative Coding and Com
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CONTENTS AT A GLANCE Foreword . . .
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CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS viii The joy of math . . .
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CONTENTS x Applying OOP to shape cr
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CONTENTS xii Environment . . . . .
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FOREWORD If you are like me (and th
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR With an eclectic b
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very fortunate
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INTRODUCTION Welcome to Processing:
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INTRODUCTION xxii Intended audience
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INTRODUCTION xxiv Setting up Proces
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INTRODUCTION xxvi Hopefully by now
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INTRODUCTION xxviii Figure 3. Scree
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INTRODUCTION xxx New or changed cod
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1 CODE ART
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The problem with a Photoshop filter
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Figure 1-3. Example of ancient art
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then jump 400 years to 1614 and Joh
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fertile imagination remained intact
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As an aside, it’s worth observing
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John Whitney Sr., 1918-1995 John Wh
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algorithms. To learn more about Coh
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landfill/), and Feed (www.potatolan
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periodicals such as Art Journal, Wi
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And many more . . . While I have in
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2 CREATIVE CODING
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I think what was reinforced for me
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customized commands, and run loops.
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of code that work like processing m
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introduced to become larger, more c
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Without getting too geeky, the main
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A framework is just a concept for b
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algorithm in a math class in high s
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frame. The loop keeps running and k
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the time to play at whatever level
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} pts[counter2].y-yg); xg*=-1; coun
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The overall movement was good, but
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Obviously, there are a lot of thing
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} } // generates organic looking br
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3 CODE GRAMMAR 101
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Your first program In most programm
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message comes up on the bar in the
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Since the getBreed() method would r
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Variables Variables are essential t
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It’s because strict typing helps
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Stage 3 adds the gradient: /* title
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Next, I assign values to some primi
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In the first preceding example, add
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Assignment operators The only other
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* title: Bouncing Ball description:
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Animation is a perfect example of t
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if (hunger= starving) { eatAnything
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Ternary operator The last condition
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The items array has 50 places reser
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println(x); x += 1; } while(x
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Figure 3-4. Continuous radial gradi
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int ballCount = 500; int ballSize =
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Hopefully, you were able to success
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function call above*/ // fill(i*255
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If you run this, you should see a 1
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yspeed*=-1; } } Within the draw() f
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void checkCollisions(int xp, int yp
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createRect(50, 50, 100, 100, 20, 5,
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4 COMPUTER GRAPHICS, THE FUN, EASY
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Some of the reasons coding graphics
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When working in a 3D coordinate sys
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plotted, the vertices are connected
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eally shines. And remember, as you
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need to be stored in memory, and th
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Within each of these application ar
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don’t realize you’re doing it
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Geometry Like algebra, geometry dat
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(second-degree) curve has one turni
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or possibly even a complete crash o
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This linear motion would plot as a
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and began doubling. By step 80, the
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*Simple Repeating Wave Pattern Ira
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float waveGap = 10; float frequency
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a piece of paper and do a little mo
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Interactivity Figure 4-13. Puff Peo
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Events will be covered and implemen
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PROCESSING: CREATIVE CODING AND COM
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6 LINES
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Figure 6-2. Two-point sketch Adding
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Streamlining the sketch with a whil
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type into the sketch. Although the
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Figure 6-7. Randomized particle spr
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Figure 6-9. Multiple randomized par
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Coding a grid To begin, I’ll show
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Notice that you can make the value
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float steps = totalPts+1; int total
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Creating space through fades Your l
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for (int j=0; j
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Figure 6-19. Yin Yang Fade sketch,
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coordinates of the line. For exampl
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Figure 6-24. End cap variation exam
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Figure 6-25. Auto Layout sketch Thi
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int xPadding = 150; int yPadding =
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Figure 6-27. Table Layout II sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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This is the same drawTable() functi
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easy. The benefit of internally rec
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I call my custom function makeRect(
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As you might suspect, anti-aliasing
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call scribble function strokeWeight
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else { } // extra line needed to at
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smooth(); float x = random(width);
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Figure 6-36. Concentric Maze sketch
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void setup(){ //these values can be
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Create a Triangle size(400, 400); b
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Figure 6-39. Create 3 Triangles ske
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Poly Pattern I (table structure) /*
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Poly Pattern II (spiral) /* Poly Pa
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Poly Pattern III (polystar) /* Poly
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Figure 6-46. Poly Pattern III (poly
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7 CURVES
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size(200, 200); background(255); in
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You should notice some familiar str
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int margin = height/15; strokeWeigh
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Figure 7-8. Revealing the points ma
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* Curves II Ira Greenberg, December
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lower particle speed ySpeed[i]*=gra
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Figure 7-11. Curves simulating a fo
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Figure 7-13. Damping effect on curv
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particle style strokeWeight(strokeS
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By using functions to organize a pr
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 7-18. Generating a curve wit
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float x = 0, y = 0; int loopLimit =
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concentric circles size(200, 200);
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Pie charts, although valuable as vi
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curve() and bezier() The next two P
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Next is an interactive example that
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Figure 7-27. Interpolating a Bézie
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ezier(350, 100, 400, 150, 350, 250,
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Figure 7-30. Spline curve using Pro
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curve segments noFill(); // comment
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control handles fill(255); ellipse(
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Figure 7-32. bezier() vs. bezierVer
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curveVertex(92+x, 15); curveVertex(
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strokeWeight(.75); stroke(0); rectM
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Figure 7-35. Bézier Ellipse sketch
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I included one last example (shown
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curveTightness(tightness); beginSha
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Summary Curves, and the math behind
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10 COLOR AND IMAGING
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left squares fill(255, 120, 0); rec
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the color. Up to this point in the
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} radius*=ratio; ratio-=.1; } } els
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Figure 10-4. Alpha sketch In this e
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A quick review of creating transfor
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* Nematode - stage 1 Ira Greenberg,
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Figure 10-8. Nematode sketch (stage
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Figure 10-9. Finished Nematode sket
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the decreasing wavelengths of the i
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values, just to illustrate the poss
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lerpColor() uses the same approach
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I want to mention two final points
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column for (int i=x; i
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needs to be increased, as radius in
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Figure 10-19. Wave Gradient sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 10-23. Load an Image sketch
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The image() function has an extra f
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In the last example, I created an a
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Figure 10-27. Simple Image Encrypti
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Figure 10-28. Pixilate sketch The n
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Figure 10-30. Tint sketch Speeding
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* Tint (using bitwise operations) C
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the book that a primitive type is d
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The mask works like an alpha channe
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ect(random(width), random(height),
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This last sketch couldn’t be simp
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separate out and invert component c
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Figure 10-39. GRAY Filter sketch Th
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adius is set high, the blurring can
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lend() PImage Method sketch // both
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Figure 10-45. blend() Function with
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The next sketch utilizes some for l
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In the last example, I used Process
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Inheritance In OOP, inheritance des
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AXIS_VERTICAL from outside the Grad
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y axis if(axis == AXIS_VERTICAL){ f
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calculate differences between color
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c7 = color(0); c8 = color(255); r1
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In the “Imaging” section, you d
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12 INTERACTIVITY
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} public void mouseClicked(MouseEve
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void setup(){ size(400, 400); // in
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initialize x, y x = width/2.0; y =
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float friction = .85; float[]jitter
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nodeYPos = append(nodeYPos, mouseY)
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As usual, I declare global variable
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are filled with black. Using the in
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} } } } } // bottom display window
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color btnUpState = color(200, 200,
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float xSpeed = 0; color movingSquar
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xSpeed-=.2; btn1Background = btnDow
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mouse trails if (isTrailable){ fill
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isTrailsSelected, which changes the
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shapes. The following example, in s
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set initial button background color
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also makes the code a little harder
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stroke(200); rect(eraserBtn[0], era
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} sliderValue = (sliderHandle[0]-sl
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if (!isBrushSelected){ if (mouseX>b
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selection can be active at a time.
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ectBackground = color(255, 0, 0); }
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is smaller (vertically) than the en
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keys 2-8 control number of edges fo
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strokeWeight(strokeWt); float angle
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Summary We began this chapter compa
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A PROCESSING LANGUAGE API
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http://processing.org/. My main obj
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its binary equivalent. I used some
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part of the article as well. My sug
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Example 1: A Java approach void set
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The combination of these two struct
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Example 3: Creating a honeycomb gra
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Conditionals Conditionals and the r
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Shape // top and bottom boundaries
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You’ll notice that by default, th
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start dragging if flag true for (in
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pushMatrix(); rotateY(-frameCount*P
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egular polygon size(400, 400); smoo
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texture(images[3]); vertex(w, -h/2,
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lots of arrays float[]x = new float
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Keyboard Figure A-9. Box Springs sk
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entering CMD). When using a command
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hour hand strokeWeight(2); stroke(5
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In the next example, I use beginRec
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Transformations include moving, sca
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float ang; int rows = 20; int cols
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vertex(-w/2 + shiftX, -h/2 + shiftY
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Lights The Lights section includes
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system, you can try lowering the re
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ankAngle+=bankSpeed; vert = -600 +z
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Setting The Setting section include
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ellipseMode(CORNER); fill(200, 200,
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of this part of the API. These myst
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Image The Image section relates ver
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Loading & Displaying The Loading &
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these elements is the creation of a
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Typography Processing utilizes mult
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This will output a list of all the
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“Operators” will hopefully soun
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The noise() function is an advanced
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B MATH REFERENCE
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After multiplying, you can reduce t
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Here’s an example: When dividing,
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Figure B-1. Using a right triangle
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Here’s how the process works: pic
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In Figure B-5, the point p is at 45
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Page 804: Figure B-7. Color variations filter
Page 807 and 808: INDEX 776 SYMBOLS AND NUMERICS /* a
Page 809 and 810: INDEX 778 beginShape function, 209
Page 811 and 812: INDEX 780 clipping planes, frustum,
Page 813 and 814: INDEX 782 naming conventions/rules,
Page 815 and 816: INDEX 784 functions, 440 loadPixels
Page 817 and 818: INDEX 786 filter function, 452-459
Page 819 and 820: INDEX 788 minute, 708 modelX/modelY
Page 821 and 822: INDEX 790 H haptics, 108 has-a rela
Page 823 and 824: INDEX 792 MouseListener interface,
Page 825 and 826: INDEX 794 M Mac keyboard shortcuts,
Page 827 and 828: INDEX 796 classes, 304, 321 constan
Page 829 and 830: INDEX 798 coding in 3D, 616 mapping
Page 831 and 832: INDEX 800 procedures see functions
Page 833 and 834: INDEX 802 Hybrid Shape, 366, 368 Hy
Page 835 and 836: INDEX 804 radians, converting betwe
Page 837 and 838: INDEX 806 Nematode sketch, 411, 413
Page 839: INDEX 808 text Orbiting Text sketch
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