Processing: Creative Coding and Computational Art

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Processing libraries, 743 Processing using libraries of classes, 303 Lichtenstein, Roy, 111 light, ambient, 720 LIGHTEST mode, blend function, 463, 467 Lights section, Processing API, 719 Lights, Camera section, Processing API, 718–724 LightWave, 118 line function, 196–199 2D and 3D versions, 196 arguments, 242 drawing 2D/3D lines with, 197 Drawing Application example, 598 vector graphics, 116 line number, Processing window, 147 Linear Gradient sketch, 425 linear motion, 129 LinearGradient class getAxis/setAxis methods, 474 object-oriented approach to color/imaging, 472–474 lines, 174–237 see also line function algebraic expression for lines in geometry, 123 applying vertex function, 219 coding a grid, 185 grid generated from points, 187 grid with spaced-out points, 188 concentric maze sketch, 222, 223 creating hybrid shapes, 365 creating line strips, 220–226 creating lines with pixels, 195–196 creating table structure, 202–209 creating triangle, 226, 227 drawing natural (imperfect) lines, 179–184 doubly randomized particle line, 181 multiple randomized particle lines, 183 randomized point line, 180 end caps for, 198, 199 equation for horizontal line, 243 equation for vertical line, 243 fades creating space, 191–195 generating diagonal line with first-degree polynomial, 263 joining lines, 200–202 effect of various end caps, 200 strokeJoin function, 228 line loops, 226–229 line strip sketch, 221 lines and curves, 242–255 maze tile sketch, 224, 226 multiple points in line sketch, 176 using for loop, 178–179 using while loop, 177–178 points considered as lines, 174 radians function, 228 secant lines, 128 slope, 243 smooth() reducing stroke weight of fine lines, 215 vector graphics, 116 vertex function, 209–214 vertical lines generated from points, 185 LINES mode applying vertex function, 219 lines per inch (LPI) printing images, 116 link function, 707 listeners MouseListener interface, Java, 564, 565 literals, 64 loadFont function, 738, 739 loadImage function, 433, 732, 733 Loading & Displaying (image) section, 733 Loading & Displaying (typography) section, 738 Loading Images with set() sketch, 434 loading.gif file, applet subdirectory, 150 loadPixels function, 429, 431, 432, 732 display window functions, 451 display window pixel data, 441 local scope, 87 for loop, 87, 88 initializing properties, 311 this keyword, 383 variables in loops, 183 local variables, 70 local vs. world coordinates, 111 logarithms exponential-logarithm relationship, 750 logic errors, debugging, 81 logical and operator see and (logical and) operator logical not operator, 689 Logical Operators section, Processing API, 689 logical or operator see or (logical or) operator loop function, 491 loops, 85–96 do . . . while loop, 86–87 for loop, 87–89 multiple points in line sketch using, 178–179 for-each loop, 89 HoneyComb sketch, 688 infinite loops, 86 Iteration section, Processing API, 685 line loops, 226–229 noLoop function, 491 recursion, 46 Using Loop to Create Rectangles sketch, 686 while loop, 85–86 multiple points in line sketch using, 177–178 lossless/lossy compression raster graphics, 115 Lovelace, Ada, 10 low-level language, 31 INDEX 793
INDEX 794 M Mac keyboard shortcuts, 149 machine code, 13 Maeda, John, 5, 8, 19 magic numbers, 102, 178 creating table structure, 205 mail merge program, 89–90 makePoly function method overloading, 362 plotting shapes, 359 polygon creation sketch, 230, 362 makeRect function drawing lines, 213 scribble plotter sketch, 215, 218, 219 makeSprocket function, 363–365 makeWaves function, 261 Many Bouncing Balls program, 90, 96 mapping ImageMap sketch, 701 UV mapping, 699 Mark 1 computer, 11 mask method, PImage, 448 Mask the Sky sketch, 449 Mask the Sky with Gradient sketch, 450 masks mask like alpha channel, 449 pixel array mask, 450 mass 1D collisions, 555 Material Properties section, Processing API, 720–724 math for graphics, 119–138 3D Math, 109 algebra, 120–122, 748–751 bitwise operations, 760–773 geometry, 123–131, 751–755 curves, 124–131 lines, 123 points, 123 multiplying algebraic expressions, 122 operator precedence, 121 properties of operators, 121–122 trigonometry, 131–138, 755–760 x and y axis directions, 109 Math section, Processing API, 740–743 matrices, 712 affine transformations, 352 managing transformation matrices, 714 matrix stack, 714 pushing and popping matrices, 409–415 resetting affine transformation matrix, 355 Transformation Matrix sketch, 410 matrix stack, 714 max function, 223, 224, 475 maze concentric maze sketch, 222, 223 maze tile sketch, 224, 226 members of classes, OOP, 308 memory working with large images, 433 memory addresses classes as data types, 313 menu events, 139 menus, Processing window, 150–158 message area, Processing window, 147 collapse panes buttons, 150 resizing window panes, 150 method overloading see overloading method overriding see overriding method signatures, 209 multiple constructors, 305 methods see also functions abstract methods, 334 blend method, PImage, 460 calling methods, 62 class constructors, 309 constructors, 305 create method, Cube class, 627, 628 create method, SpinnyCube class, 646 description, 62, 302 drawDoor method, 382, 384 drawHouse method, 393, 394 drawing methods, 112 drawWindow method, 389 equals method, Java, 681 functions and, 305 get method, PImage, 440, 731 getClickCount method, 612 getter methods, 472 mask method, PImage, 448 overloaded method, 628 paint method, Graphics class, 726 parseInt method, Integer class, 707 printRecipe method, 312 public keyword, 319 Rectangle method, Java, 112 set method, PImage, 440 setKnob method, Door class, 382, 384 setter methods, 472 sleep method, Thread class, 484 spinnyRotateXYZ method, 646 subclasses overriding methods, 331 void keyword, 305 Metrics section, Processing API, 740 millis function, 491, 708 min function, 223, 224 minute function, 708 MITER constant joining lines using strokeJoin(), 228 modelX/modelY/modelZ functions, 720
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IrA GreenberG CreATe CoDe ArT, vIsu
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Processing: Creative Coding and Com
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CONTENTS AT A GLANCE Foreword . . .
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CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS viii The joy of math . . .
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CONTENTS x Applying OOP to shape cr
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CONTENTS xii Environment . . . . .
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FOREWORD If you are like me (and th
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR With an eclectic b
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very fortunate
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INTRODUCTION Welcome to Processing:
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INTRODUCTION xxii Intended audience
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INTRODUCTION xxiv Setting up Proces
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INTRODUCTION xxvi Hopefully by now
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INTRODUCTION xxviii Figure 3. Scree
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INTRODUCTION xxx New or changed cod
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1 CODE ART
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The problem with a Photoshop filter
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Figure 1-3. Example of ancient art
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then jump 400 years to 1614 and Joh
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fertile imagination remained intact
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As an aside, it’s worth observing
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John Whitney Sr., 1918-1995 John Wh
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algorithms. To learn more about Coh
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landfill/), and Feed (www.potatolan
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periodicals such as Art Journal, Wi
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And many more . . . While I have in
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2 CREATIVE CODING
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I think what was reinforced for me
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customized commands, and run loops.
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of code that work like processing m
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introduced to become larger, more c
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Without getting too geeky, the main
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A framework is just a concept for b
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algorithm in a math class in high s
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frame. The loop keeps running and k
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the time to play at whatever level
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} pts[counter2].y-yg); xg*=-1; coun
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The overall movement was good, but
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Obviously, there are a lot of thing
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} } // generates organic looking br
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3 CODE GRAMMAR 101
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Your first program In most programm
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message comes up on the bar in the
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Since the getBreed() method would r
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Variables Variables are essential t
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It’s because strict typing helps
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Stage 3 adds the gradient: /* title
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Next, I assign values to some primi
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In the first preceding example, add
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Assignment operators The only other
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* title: Bouncing Ball description:
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Animation is a perfect example of t
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if (hunger= starving) { eatAnything
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Ternary operator The last condition
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The items array has 50 places reser
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println(x); x += 1; } while(x
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Figure 3-4. Continuous radial gradi
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int ballCount = 500; int ballSize =
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Hopefully, you were able to success
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function call above*/ // fill(i*255
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If you run this, you should see a 1
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yspeed*=-1; } } Within the draw() f
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void checkCollisions(int xp, int yp
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createRect(50, 50, 100, 100, 20, 5,
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4 COMPUTER GRAPHICS, THE FUN, EASY
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Some of the reasons coding graphics
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When working in a 3D coordinate sys
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plotted, the vertices are connected
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eally shines. And remember, as you
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need to be stored in memory, and th
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Within each of these application ar
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don’t realize you’re doing it
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Geometry Like algebra, geometry dat
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(second-degree) curve has one turni
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or possibly even a complete crash o
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This linear motion would plot as a
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and began doubling. By step 80, the
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*Simple Repeating Wave Pattern Ira
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float waveGap = 10; float frequency
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a piece of paper and do a little mo
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Interactivity Figure 4-13. Puff Peo
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Events will be covered and implemen
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PROCESSING: CREATIVE CODING AND COM
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6 LINES
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Figure 6-2. Two-point sketch Adding
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Streamlining the sketch with a whil
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type into the sketch. Although the
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Figure 6-7. Randomized particle spr
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Figure 6-9. Multiple randomized par
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Coding a grid To begin, I’ll show
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Notice that you can make the value
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float steps = totalPts+1; int total
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Creating space through fades Your l
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for (int j=0; j
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Figure 6-19. Yin Yang Fade sketch,
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coordinates of the line. For exampl
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Figure 6-24. End cap variation exam
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Figure 6-25. Auto Layout sketch Thi
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int xPadding = 150; int yPadding =
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Figure 6-27. Table Layout II sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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This is the same drawTable() functi
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easy. The benefit of internally rec
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I call my custom function makeRect(
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As you might suspect, anti-aliasing
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call scribble function strokeWeight
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else { } // extra line needed to at
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smooth(); float x = random(width);
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Figure 6-36. Concentric Maze sketch
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void setup(){ //these values can be
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Create a Triangle size(400, 400); b
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Figure 6-39. Create 3 Triangles ske
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Poly Pattern I (table structure) /*
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Poly Pattern II (spiral) /* Poly Pa
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Poly Pattern III (polystar) /* Poly
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Figure 6-46. Poly Pattern III (poly
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7 CURVES
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size(200, 200); background(255); in
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You should notice some familiar str
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int margin = height/15; strokeWeigh
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Figure 7-8. Revealing the points ma
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* Curves II Ira Greenberg, December
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lower particle speed ySpeed[i]*=gra
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Figure 7-11. Curves simulating a fo
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Figure 7-13. Damping effect on curv
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particle style strokeWeight(strokeS
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By using functions to organize a pr
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 7-18. Generating a curve wit
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float x = 0, y = 0; int loopLimit =
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concentric circles size(200, 200);
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Pie charts, although valuable as vi
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curve() and bezier() The next two P
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Next is an interactive example that
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Figure 7-27. Interpolating a Bézie
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ezier(350, 100, 400, 150, 350, 250,
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Figure 7-30. Spline curve using Pro
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curve segments noFill(); // comment
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control handles fill(255); ellipse(
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Figure 7-32. bezier() vs. bezierVer
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curveVertex(92+x, 15); curveVertex(
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strokeWeight(.75); stroke(0); rectM
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Figure 7-35. Bézier Ellipse sketch
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I included one last example (shown
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curveTightness(tightness); beginSha
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Summary Curves, and the math behind
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10 COLOR AND IMAGING
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left squares fill(255, 120, 0); rec
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the color. Up to this point in the
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} radius*=ratio; ratio-=.1; } } els
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Figure 10-4. Alpha sketch In this e
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A quick review of creating transfor
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* Nematode - stage 1 Ira Greenberg,
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Figure 10-8. Nematode sketch (stage
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Figure 10-9. Finished Nematode sket
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the decreasing wavelengths of the i
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values, just to illustrate the poss
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lerpColor() uses the same approach
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I want to mention two final points
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column for (int i=x; i
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needs to be increased, as radius in
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Figure 10-19. Wave Gradient sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 10-23. Load an Image sketch
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The image() function has an extra f
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In the last example, I created an a
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Figure 10-27. Simple Image Encrypti
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Figure 10-28. Pixilate sketch The n
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Figure 10-30. Tint sketch Speeding
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* Tint (using bitwise operations) C
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the book that a primitive type is d
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The mask works like an alpha channe
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ect(random(width), random(height),
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This last sketch couldn’t be simp
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separate out and invert component c
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Figure 10-39. GRAY Filter sketch Th
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adius is set high, the blurring can
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lend() PImage Method sketch // both
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Figure 10-45. blend() Function with
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The next sketch utilizes some for l
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In the last example, I used Process
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Inheritance In OOP, inheritance des
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AXIS_VERTICAL from outside the Grad
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y axis if(axis == AXIS_VERTICAL){ f
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calculate differences between color
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c7 = color(0); c8 = color(255); r1
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In the “Imaging” section, you d
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12 INTERACTIVITY
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} public void mouseClicked(MouseEve
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void setup(){ size(400, 400); // in
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initialize x, y x = width/2.0; y =
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float friction = .85; float[]jitter
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nodeYPos = append(nodeYPos, mouseY)
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As usual, I declare global variable
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are filled with black. Using the in
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} } } } } // bottom display window
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color btnUpState = color(200, 200,
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float xSpeed = 0; color movingSquar
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xSpeed-=.2; btn1Background = btnDow
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mouse trails if (isTrailable){ fill
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isTrailsSelected, which changes the
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shapes. The following example, in s
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set initial button background color
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also makes the code a little harder
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stroke(200); rect(eraserBtn[0], era
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} sliderValue = (sliderHandle[0]-sl
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if (!isBrushSelected){ if (mouseX>b
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selection can be active at a time.
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ectBackground = color(255, 0, 0); }
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is smaller (vertically) than the en
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keys 2-8 control number of edges fo
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strokeWeight(strokeWt); float angle
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Summary We began this chapter compa
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A PROCESSING LANGUAGE API
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http://processing.org/. My main obj
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its binary equivalent. I used some
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part of the article as well. My sug
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Example 1: A Java approach void set
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The combination of these two struct
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Example 3: Creating a honeycomb gra
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Conditionals Conditionals and the r
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Shape // top and bottom boundaries
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You’ll notice that by default, th
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start dragging if flag true for (in
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pushMatrix(); rotateY(-frameCount*P
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egular polygon size(400, 400); smoo
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texture(images[3]); vertex(w, -h/2,
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lots of arrays float[]x = new float
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Keyboard Figure A-9. Box Springs sk
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entering CMD). When using a command
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hour hand strokeWeight(2); stroke(5
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In the next example, I use beginRec
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Transformations include moving, sca
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float ang; int rows = 20; int cols
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vertex(-w/2 + shiftX, -h/2 + shiftY
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Lights The Lights section includes
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system, you can try lowering the re
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ankAngle+=bankSpeed; vert = -600 +z
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Setting The Setting section include
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ellipseMode(CORNER); fill(200, 200,
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of this part of the API. These myst
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Image The Image section relates ver
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Loading & Displaying The Loading &
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these elements is the creation of a
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Typography Processing utilizes mult
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This will output a list of all the
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“Operators” will hopefully soun
Page 774 and 775: The noise() function is an advanced
Page 778 and 779: B MATH REFERENCE
Page 780 and 781: After multiplying, you can reduce t
Page 782 and 783: Here’s an example: When dividing,
Page 784 and 785: Figure B-1. Using a right triangle
Page 786 and 787: Here’s how the process works: pic
Page 788 and 789: In Figure B-5, the point p is at 45
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Page 796 and 797: Here’s the output: c1 in binary =
Page 798 and 799: This sketch outputs the following:
Page 800 and 801: I’m not going to provide examples
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Page 804: Figure B-7. Color variations filter
Page 807 and 808: INDEX 776 SYMBOLS AND NUMERICS /* a
Page 809 and 810: INDEX 778 beginShape function, 209
Page 811 and 812: INDEX 780 clipping planes, frustum,
Page 813 and 814: INDEX 782 naming conventions/rules,
Page 815 and 816: INDEX 784 functions, 440 loadPixels
Page 817 and 818: INDEX 786 filter function, 452-459
Page 819 and 820: INDEX 788 minute, 708 modelX/modelY
Page 821 and 822: INDEX 790 H haptics, 108 has-a rela
Page 823: INDEX 792 MouseListener interface,
Page 827 and 828: INDEX 796 classes, 304, 321 constan
Page 829 and 830: INDEX 798 coding in 3D, 616 mapping
Page 831 and 832: INDEX 800 procedures see functions
Page 833 and 834: INDEX 802 Hybrid Shape, 366, 368 Hy
Page 835 and 836: INDEX 804 radians, converting betwe
Page 837 and 838: INDEX 806 Nematode sketch, 411, 413
Page 839 and 840: INDEX 808 text Orbiting Text sketch
Page 841: INDEX 810 VERY_HIGH option, encrypt
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