Processing: Creative Coding and Computational Art

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area of triangle, 752 circumference of circle, 754 curves, 124–131 distance formula, 752 history of, 123 lines, 123 math for graphics, 123–131, 751–755 perimeter of rectangle, 754 points, 123 Pythagorean theorem, 752 gestalt, 42 get function, 436, 437, 731 Drawing Application example, 597, 600 Image Encryption sketch, 437 returning value as color data type, 729 get method, PImage, 440, 731 get methods accessing private property, 319 BurritoRecipe class example, 303 Environment section, Processing API, 678 getter methods, OOP, 472 private keyword on properties, 312 Processing approach, 382 getClickCount method, 612 getters see get methods Getting Started command, Help menu, 157 getXMotion/getYMotion functions, 101 global environment properties Environment section, Processing API, 678 global scope, 87 initializing properties, 310 this keyword, 383 variables in loops, 183 global variables, 70 Drawing Application example, 592 Many Bouncing Balls program, 93 shape builder and animator example, 575 glyphs incompatibility of installed fonts, 155 Goldberg, Ken, 23 gradient blur effect, 348 Gradient class object-oriented approach to color/imaging, 469 gradients, 424–429 continuous radial gradient, 88 LinearGradient class, 472–474 Linear Gradient sketch, 425 Mask the Sky with Gradient sketch, 450 pixel gradients, 424 Radial Gradient sketch, 427 RadialGradient class, 474–478 ROY G BIV sketch, 417 set function, 424 setGradient function, 426 stepped radial gradient program, 68 Wave Gradient sketch, 429 graphic formats, 115–117 raster/vector graphics, 115 graphical user interfaces see GUIs graphics, 108–141 3D on 2D surface, 109 animation, 108, 117–119 computer-aided design, 108 controlling graphics context, 726 coordinate systems, 109–111 createGraphics function, 734, 735 data visualization, 108 display of information, 108 drawing methods, 112 image refresh rate, 111 images, 111–113 interactivity, 139–141 math for graphics, 119–138 algebra, 120–122 curves, 124–131 geometry, 123–131 lines, 123 points, 123 trigonometry, 131–138 pixels, 113–115 points, 174–176 rectMode function, 110 registration point, 110 simulation, 108 vector graphics, 116–117 Graphics class, 726 Graphics object, 409 paint method, 726 graphics context, controlling, 726 gravity acceleration with gravity sketch, 494 GRAY argument, filter function, 457 GRAY Filter sketch, 457 grayscale, 400 greater than operators, 73 green component color data structure, 762 specifying color value, 728 green function, 422, 423, 728 grids coding a grid, 185 grid generated from points, 187 grid with spaced-out points, 188 vertical lines generated from points, 185 Ground class asteroid shower animation, 535, 538, 540 GUIs (graphical user interfaces), 108 Processing GUI libraries, 590 Processing IDE, 144–170 Gunter, Edmund, 9 INDEX 789
INDEX 790 H haptics, 108 has-a relationship, 324 HATCHING constant, 218, 219 HCI (human-computer interaction), 108 Hébert, Jean-Pierre, 23 height property stepped radial gradient program, 70 helix Interactive Toroid sketch, 668, 670 Hello Earth program, 59 Help menu, Processing window, 157–158 Find in Reference command, 158 Frequently Asked Questions command, 158 Getting Started command, 157 Reference command, 158 Troubleshooting command, 158 Visit Processing.org command, 158 hexadecimal color values Color Picker dialog, 156 hexadecimal system, 728 hidden files compiling sketches with, 148 Hide function, 148 high-level languages, 31 meaning of higher-level, 13 Hodos, 17 Hopper, Commodore Grace M., 12 horizontal and vertical fade to black, 193 horizontal axis, 109 horizontal fade to black, 191 horizontal line, equation for, 243 horizontal lines generated from points, 187 hour function, 708 House class creating a neighborhood, 391–396 drawHouse method, 393, 394 using composition, 391 houses creating a neighborhood, 381–396 Door class, 382–386 Roof class, 389 Window class, 386–389 HSB (hue, saturation, brightness) Color Modes RGB/HSB sketch, 416 Color Picker dialog, 156 colorMode function, 726 setting color mode, 415 hue function, 422, 423, 728 hue property, 402 hybrid approach structuring a program using Processing, 33 Hybrid Shape sketch, 366, 368 hybrid shapes, creating, 365–368 Hybrid Springy Dude sketch, 518 I icons built-in cursor icons, 582 IDE (integrated development environment) Processing as IDE, 30 Processing IDE, 144–170 identifiers naming conventions, 63 if keyword, 79 if . . . else syntax, 80–81 alternative execution paths, 80 Boolean logic, 79 Bouncing Ball program, 79 collision detection, 488 Conditionals section, Processing API, 689 curly braces { }, 62 if statement without, 201 Drawing Application example, 598, 601 Final Interactive Button example, 587 if . . . else . . . if statement, 81 invalid syntax for, 202 logical flow of programs, 74 nested if statements, 313 springing, 511, 513 switch statements as alternative, 81 Image (output) section, Processing API, 710 image buffer, 735 Image Encryption sketch, 439 image file formats raster graphics, 115 image function, 733 drawing image to screen, 434 loading and resizing images, 435 rendering PImage object to screen, 195 image mapping P3D mode, 164 using default image mapping, 549 uv coordinates, 549 Image section, Processing API, 731, 734 Image Tiling sketch, 435 ImageMap sketch, 701 imageMode function, 733 images, 111–113 24-bit color, 113 adding same name image into data directory, 432 animation, 117–119 bitwise operations, 444 BufferedImage class, Java, 112 DisplayMode class, Java, 111 frame rate, 117 handling pixel and image data, 113 Image Encryption sketch, 439 image manipulation, 432–443 Image Tiling sketch, 435 Load an Image sketch, 433
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IrA GreenberG CreATe CoDe ArT, vIsu
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Processing: Creative Coding and Com
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CONTENTS AT A GLANCE Foreword . . .
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CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS viii The joy of math . . .
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CONTENTS x Applying OOP to shape cr
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CONTENTS xii Environment . . . . .
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FOREWORD If you are like me (and th
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR With an eclectic b
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very fortunate
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INTRODUCTION Welcome to Processing:
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INTRODUCTION xxii Intended audience
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INTRODUCTION xxiv Setting up Proces
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INTRODUCTION xxvi Hopefully by now
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INTRODUCTION xxviii Figure 3. Scree
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INTRODUCTION xxx New or changed cod
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1 CODE ART
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The problem with a Photoshop filter
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Figure 1-3. Example of ancient art
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then jump 400 years to 1614 and Joh
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fertile imagination remained intact
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As an aside, it’s worth observing
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John Whitney Sr., 1918-1995 John Wh
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algorithms. To learn more about Coh
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landfill/), and Feed (www.potatolan
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periodicals such as Art Journal, Wi
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And many more . . . While I have in
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2 CREATIVE CODING
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I think what was reinforced for me
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customized commands, and run loops.
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of code that work like processing m
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introduced to become larger, more c
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Without getting too geeky, the main
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A framework is just a concept for b
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algorithm in a math class in high s
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frame. The loop keeps running and k
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the time to play at whatever level
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} pts[counter2].y-yg); xg*=-1; coun
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The overall movement was good, but
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Obviously, there are a lot of thing
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} } // generates organic looking br
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3 CODE GRAMMAR 101
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Your first program In most programm
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message comes up on the bar in the
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Since the getBreed() method would r
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Variables Variables are essential t
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It’s because strict typing helps
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Stage 3 adds the gradient: /* title
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Next, I assign values to some primi
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In the first preceding example, add
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Assignment operators The only other
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* title: Bouncing Ball description:
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Animation is a perfect example of t
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if (hunger= starving) { eatAnything
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Ternary operator The last condition
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The items array has 50 places reser
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println(x); x += 1; } while(x
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Figure 3-4. Continuous radial gradi
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int ballCount = 500; int ballSize =
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Hopefully, you were able to success
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function call above*/ // fill(i*255
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If you run this, you should see a 1
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yspeed*=-1; } } Within the draw() f
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void checkCollisions(int xp, int yp
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createRect(50, 50, 100, 100, 20, 5,
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4 COMPUTER GRAPHICS, THE FUN, EASY
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Some of the reasons coding graphics
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When working in a 3D coordinate sys
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plotted, the vertices are connected
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eally shines. And remember, as you
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need to be stored in memory, and th
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Within each of these application ar
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don’t realize you’re doing it
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Geometry Like algebra, geometry dat
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(second-degree) curve has one turni
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or possibly even a complete crash o
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This linear motion would plot as a
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and began doubling. By step 80, the
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*Simple Repeating Wave Pattern Ira
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float waveGap = 10; float frequency
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a piece of paper and do a little mo
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Interactivity Figure 4-13. Puff Peo
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Events will be covered and implemen
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PROCESSING: CREATIVE CODING AND COM
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6 LINES
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Figure 6-2. Two-point sketch Adding
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Streamlining the sketch with a whil
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type into the sketch. Although the
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Figure 6-7. Randomized particle spr
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Figure 6-9. Multiple randomized par
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Coding a grid To begin, I’ll show
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Notice that you can make the value
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float steps = totalPts+1; int total
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Creating space through fades Your l
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for (int j=0; j
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Figure 6-19. Yin Yang Fade sketch,
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coordinates of the line. For exampl
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Figure 6-24. End cap variation exam
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Figure 6-25. Auto Layout sketch Thi
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int xPadding = 150; int yPadding =
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Figure 6-27. Table Layout II sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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This is the same drawTable() functi
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easy. The benefit of internally rec
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I call my custom function makeRect(
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As you might suspect, anti-aliasing
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call scribble function strokeWeight
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else { } // extra line needed to at
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smooth(); float x = random(width);
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Figure 6-36. Concentric Maze sketch
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void setup(){ //these values can be
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Create a Triangle size(400, 400); b
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Figure 6-39. Create 3 Triangles ske
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Poly Pattern I (table structure) /*
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Poly Pattern II (spiral) /* Poly Pa
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Poly Pattern III (polystar) /* Poly
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Figure 6-46. Poly Pattern III (poly
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7 CURVES
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size(200, 200); background(255); in
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You should notice some familiar str
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int margin = height/15; strokeWeigh
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Figure 7-8. Revealing the points ma
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* Curves II Ira Greenberg, December
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lower particle speed ySpeed[i]*=gra
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Figure 7-11. Curves simulating a fo
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Figure 7-13. Damping effect on curv
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particle style strokeWeight(strokeS
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By using functions to organize a pr
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 7-18. Generating a curve wit
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float x = 0, y = 0; int loopLimit =
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concentric circles size(200, 200);
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Pie charts, although valuable as vi
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curve() and bezier() The next two P
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Next is an interactive example that
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Figure 7-27. Interpolating a Bézie
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ezier(350, 100, 400, 150, 350, 250,
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Figure 7-30. Spline curve using Pro
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curve segments noFill(); // comment
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control handles fill(255); ellipse(
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Figure 7-32. bezier() vs. bezierVer
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curveVertex(92+x, 15); curveVertex(
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strokeWeight(.75); stroke(0); rectM
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Figure 7-35. Bézier Ellipse sketch
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I included one last example (shown
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curveTightness(tightness); beginSha
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Summary Curves, and the math behind
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10 COLOR AND IMAGING
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left squares fill(255, 120, 0); rec
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the color. Up to this point in the
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} radius*=ratio; ratio-=.1; } } els
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Figure 10-4. Alpha sketch In this e
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A quick review of creating transfor
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* Nematode - stage 1 Ira Greenberg,
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Figure 10-8. Nematode sketch (stage
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Figure 10-9. Finished Nematode sket
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the decreasing wavelengths of the i
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values, just to illustrate the poss
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lerpColor() uses the same approach
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I want to mention two final points
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column for (int i=x; i
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needs to be increased, as radius in
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Figure 10-19. Wave Gradient sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 10-23. Load an Image sketch
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The image() function has an extra f
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In the last example, I created an a
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Figure 10-27. Simple Image Encrypti
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Figure 10-28. Pixilate sketch The n
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Figure 10-30. Tint sketch Speeding
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* Tint (using bitwise operations) C
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the book that a primitive type is d
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The mask works like an alpha channe
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ect(random(width), random(height),
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This last sketch couldn’t be simp
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separate out and invert component c
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Figure 10-39. GRAY Filter sketch Th
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adius is set high, the blurring can
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lend() PImage Method sketch // both
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Figure 10-45. blend() Function with
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The next sketch utilizes some for l
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In the last example, I used Process
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Inheritance In OOP, inheritance des
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AXIS_VERTICAL from outside the Grad
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y axis if(axis == AXIS_VERTICAL){ f
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calculate differences between color
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c7 = color(0); c8 = color(255); r1
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In the “Imaging” section, you d
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12 INTERACTIVITY
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} public void mouseClicked(MouseEve
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void setup(){ size(400, 400); // in
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initialize x, y x = width/2.0; y =
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float friction = .85; float[]jitter
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nodeYPos = append(nodeYPos, mouseY)
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As usual, I declare global variable
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are filled with black. Using the in
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} } } } } // bottom display window
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color btnUpState = color(200, 200,
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float xSpeed = 0; color movingSquar
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xSpeed-=.2; btn1Background = btnDow
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mouse trails if (isTrailable){ fill
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isTrailsSelected, which changes the
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shapes. The following example, in s
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set initial button background color
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also makes the code a little harder
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stroke(200); rect(eraserBtn[0], era
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} sliderValue = (sliderHandle[0]-sl
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if (!isBrushSelected){ if (mouseX>b
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selection can be active at a time.
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ectBackground = color(255, 0, 0); }
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is smaller (vertically) than the en
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keys 2-8 control number of edges fo
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strokeWeight(strokeWt); float angle
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Summary We began this chapter compa
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A PROCESSING LANGUAGE API
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http://processing.org/. My main obj
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its binary equivalent. I used some
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part of the article as well. My sug
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Example 1: A Java approach void set
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The combination of these two struct
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Example 3: Creating a honeycomb gra
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Conditionals Conditionals and the r
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Shape // top and bottom boundaries
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You’ll notice that by default, th
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start dragging if flag true for (in
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pushMatrix(); rotateY(-frameCount*P
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egular polygon size(400, 400); smoo
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texture(images[3]); vertex(w, -h/2,
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lots of arrays float[]x = new float
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Keyboard Figure A-9. Box Springs sk
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entering CMD). When using a command
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hour hand strokeWeight(2); stroke(5
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In the next example, I use beginRec
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Transformations include moving, sca
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float ang; int rows = 20; int cols
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vertex(-w/2 + shiftX, -h/2 + shiftY
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Lights The Lights section includes
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system, you can try lowering the re
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ankAngle+=bankSpeed; vert = -600 +z
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Setting The Setting section include
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ellipseMode(CORNER); fill(200, 200,
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of this part of the API. These myst
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Image The Image section relates ver
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Loading & Displaying The Loading &
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these elements is the creation of a
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Typography Processing utilizes mult
Page 770 and 771: This will output a list of all the
Page 772 and 773: “Operators” will hopefully soun
Page 774 and 775: The noise() function is an advanced
Page 778 and 779: B MATH REFERENCE
Page 780 and 781: After multiplying, you can reduce t
Page 782 and 783: Here’s an example: When dividing,
Page 784 and 785: Figure B-1. Using a right triangle
Page 786 and 787: Here’s how the process works: pic
Page 788 and 789: In Figure B-5, the point p is at 45
Page 790 and 791: ect (px, py, 5, 5); stroke(100); li
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Page 794 and 795: the number, as shown in the followi
Page 796 and 797: Here’s the output: c1 in binary =
Page 798 and 799: This sketch outputs the following:
Page 800 and 801: I’m not going to provide examples
Page 802 and 803: simple-looking paint bucket tool in
Page 804: Figure B-7. Color variations filter
Page 807 and 808: INDEX 776 SYMBOLS AND NUMERICS /* a
Page 809 and 810: INDEX 778 beginShape function, 209
Page 811 and 812: INDEX 780 clipping planes, frustum,
Page 813 and 814: INDEX 782 naming conventions/rules,
Page 815 and 816: INDEX 784 functions, 440 loadPixels
Page 817 and 818: INDEX 786 filter function, 452-459
Page 819: INDEX 788 minute, 708 modelX/modelY
Page 823 and 824: INDEX 792 MouseListener interface,
Page 825 and 826: INDEX 794 M Mac keyboard shortcuts,
Page 827 and 828: INDEX 796 classes, 304, 321 constan
Page 829 and 830: INDEX 798 coding in 3D, 616 mapping
Page 831 and 832: INDEX 800 procedures see functions
Page 833 and 834: INDEX 802 Hybrid Shape, 366, 368 Hy
Page 835 and 836: INDEX 804 radians, converting betwe
Page 837 and 838: INDEX 806 Nematode sketch, 411, 413
Page 839 and 840: INDEX 808 text Orbiting Text sketch
Page 841: INDEX 810 VERY_HIGH option, encrypt
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