Processing: Creative Coding and Computational Art

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Help menu Copy for Discourse: It is very common for Processing users, especially those currently stuck and/or confused (which happens to all of us), to paste code snippets on the Processing discourse board. Unfortunately, the pasted results don’t always look very good, as some of the formatting gets lost. Some of us with HTML backgrounds simply try inserting HTML tags directly in our code, to fix the formatting— to no avail. The Processing discourse board uses YaBB, a free, open source bulletin board system. For security reasons, YaBB doesn’t allow the use of HTML tags in posts. Thus, you’re forced to learn yet another proprietary tag system, called YaBB Code (YaBBC) to fix your formatting. Or, you can simply select Copy for Discourse, and Processing will write the YaBBC for you—cool indeed! Here’s how it works: when you select Copy for Discourse, your sketch code is copied to your computer’s clipboard and converted into YaBBC for the discourse board; simply paste to the board to recreate your Processing sketch code. In reality, YaBBC is pretty darn close to HTML, so it doesn’t take an experienced coder much time to learn it—but why waste the brain cells? To learn more about YaBB/YaBBC, visit www.yabbforum.com/community/YaBB.pl?action=help. Archive Sketch: This command creates a ZIP archive of the current sketch, prompting you with a Save dialog to choose a location to save the archive. Figure 5-10 shows a screenshot of Processing’s Help menu. The Help menu contains the following: Figure 5-10. Screen capture of Processing’s Help menu THE PROCESSING ENVIRONMENT Getting Started: This launches your default web browser, loading information on the Processing environment. This functionality does not require an Internet connection, as the information is stored locally within the Processing application directory. The information is divided into three sections. The first, Overview, covers the Processing development environment, Processing’s three programming modes, and the different rendering modes. The second section, Platforms, lists the supported platforms and some platform-specific information (both the good news and the less-than-good news). One of the nicest aspects of the Processing community is the transparency and lack of marketing hype when it comes to what Processing can (currently) do and not do. The last section, Export, provides information about exporting your sketches as both applets and applications. For the very latest information, refer to http://processing.org/reference/environment/index.html. 157 5
PROCESSING: CREATIVE CODING AND COMPUTATIONAL ART 158 Troubleshooting: This page covers many of the common “Help me, something’s not right with the Processing universe!” concerns voiced on the discourse board; you can think of this page as the triage FAQ. Reference: This provides you with reference to the entire Processing language API, which is stored locally on your hard drive. This is the place to go to learn about specific commands in the Processing language. Please note that this page opens to an abridged language reference. You’ll need to select the Extended option to see the entire language. For the very latest information, refer to http://processing. org/reference/index.html. Find in Reference (Cmd+Shift+F on OS X; Ctrl+Shift+F on Windows): Select a word in your sketch and then select Find in Reference. If the word exists in the Processing API, the relevant reference information will be opened in your default web browser. Frequently Asked Questions: This command opens a list of questions and answers to some common Processing issues. The online version is at http://processing.org/ faq.html. Visit Processing.org (Cmd+5 on OS X; Ctrl+5 on Windows): This command launches your default web browser and loads http://processing.org/. Programming modes Processing supports three different modes of coding, allowing users with different skill and experience levels to work most efficiently and comfortably, all within the same environment. It is even possible to mix these different modes within the same project. Basic mode In basic mode, users simply type individual lines of commands sequentially into the text editor window, without the added complexity of more complex structures, such as functions or classes. This is an excellent mode for brand new coders to learn about programming fundamentals—such as basic syntax, coordinates, variables, and loops—and also to get more familiar with the Processing language and environment. The following code is structured in basic mode and generates a simple tan circle, with a black stroke on a lavender background: size(200, 200); background(130, 130, 240); stroke(0); fill(200, 150, 101); int x = 100; int y = 100; int w = 140; int h = 140; ellipse(x, y, w, h);
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IrA GreenberG CreATe CoDe ArT, vIsu
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Processing: Creative Coding and Com
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CONTENTS AT A GLANCE Foreword . . .
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CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS viii The joy of math . . .
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CONTENTS x Applying OOP to shape cr
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CONTENTS xii Environment . . . . .
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FOREWORD If you are like me (and th
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR With an eclectic b
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very fortunate
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INTRODUCTION Welcome to Processing:
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INTRODUCTION xxii Intended audience
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INTRODUCTION xxiv Setting up Proces
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INTRODUCTION xxvi Hopefully by now
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INTRODUCTION xxviii Figure 3. Scree
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INTRODUCTION xxx New or changed cod
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1 CODE ART
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The problem with a Photoshop filter
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Figure 1-3. Example of ancient art
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then jump 400 years to 1614 and Joh
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fertile imagination remained intact
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As an aside, it’s worth observing
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John Whitney Sr., 1918-1995 John Wh
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algorithms. To learn more about Coh
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landfill/), and Feed (www.potatolan
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periodicals such as Art Journal, Wi
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And many more . . . While I have in
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2 CREATIVE CODING
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I think what was reinforced for me
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customized commands, and run loops.
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of code that work like processing m
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introduced to become larger, more c
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Without getting too geeky, the main
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A framework is just a concept for b
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algorithm in a math class in high s
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frame. The loop keeps running and k
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the time to play at whatever level
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} pts[counter2].y-yg); xg*=-1; coun
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The overall movement was good, but
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Obviously, there are a lot of thing
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} } // generates organic looking br
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3 CODE GRAMMAR 101
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Your first program In most programm
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message comes up on the bar in the
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Since the getBreed() method would r
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Variables Variables are essential t
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It’s because strict typing helps
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Stage 3 adds the gradient: /* title
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Next, I assign values to some primi
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In the first preceding example, add
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Assignment operators The only other
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* title: Bouncing Ball description:
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Animation is a perfect example of t
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if (hunger= starving) { eatAnything
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Ternary operator The last condition
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The items array has 50 places reser
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println(x); x += 1; } while(x
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Figure 3-4. Continuous radial gradi
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int ballCount = 500; int ballSize =
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Hopefully, you were able to success
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function call above*/ // fill(i*255
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If you run this, you should see a 1
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yspeed*=-1; } } Within the draw() f
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void checkCollisions(int xp, int yp
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createRect(50, 50, 100, 100, 20, 5,
Page 138 and 139: 4 COMPUTER GRAPHICS, THE FUN, EASY
Page 140 and 141: Some of the reasons coding graphics
Page 142 and 143: When working in a 3D coordinate sys
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Page 148 and 149: need to be stored in memory, and th
Page 150 and 151: Within each of these application ar
Page 152 and 153: don’t realize you’re doing it
Page 154 and 155: Geometry Like algebra, geometry dat
Page 156 and 157: (second-degree) curve has one turni
Page 158 and 159: or possibly even a complete crash o
Page 160 and 161: This linear motion would plot as a
Page 162 and 163: and began doubling. By step 80, the
Page 164 and 165: *Simple Repeating Wave Pattern Ira
Page 166 and 167: float waveGap = 10; float frequency
Page 168 and 169: a piece of paper and do a little mo
Page 170 and 171: Interactivity Figure 4-13. Puff Peo
Page 172: Events will be covered and implemen
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Page 204 and 205: 6 LINES
Page 206 and 207: Figure 6-2. Two-point sketch Adding
Page 208 and 209: Streamlining the sketch with a whil
Page 210 and 211: type into the sketch. Although the
Page 212 and 213: Figure 6-7. Randomized particle spr
Page 214 and 215: Figure 6-9. Multiple randomized par
Page 216 and 217: Coding a grid To begin, I’ll show
Page 218 and 219: Notice that you can make the value
Page 220 and 221: float steps = totalPts+1; int total
Page 222 and 223: Creating space through fades Your l
Page 224 and 225: for (int j=0; j
Page 226 and 227: Figure 6-19. Yin Yang Fade sketch,
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Page 230 and 231: Figure 6-24. End cap variation exam
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for (int i=0; i
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This is the same drawTable() functi
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easy. The benefit of internally rec
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I call my custom function makeRect(
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As you might suspect, anti-aliasing
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call scribble function strokeWeight
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else { } // extra line needed to at
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smooth(); float x = random(width);
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Figure 6-36. Concentric Maze sketch
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void setup(){ //these values can be
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Create a Triangle size(400, 400); b
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Figure 6-39. Create 3 Triangles ske
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Poly Pattern I (table structure) /*
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Poly Pattern II (spiral) /* Poly Pa
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Poly Pattern III (polystar) /* Poly
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Figure 6-46. Poly Pattern III (poly
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7 CURVES
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size(200, 200); background(255); in
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You should notice some familiar str
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int margin = height/15; strokeWeigh
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Figure 7-8. Revealing the points ma
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* Curves II Ira Greenberg, December
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lower particle speed ySpeed[i]*=gra
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Figure 7-11. Curves simulating a fo
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Figure 7-13. Damping effect on curv
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particle style strokeWeight(strokeS
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By using functions to organize a pr
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 7-18. Generating a curve wit
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float x = 0, y = 0; int loopLimit =
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concentric circles size(200, 200);
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Pie charts, although valuable as vi
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curve() and bezier() The next two P
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Next is an interactive example that
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Figure 7-27. Interpolating a Bézie
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ezier(350, 100, 400, 150, 350, 250,
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Figure 7-30. Spline curve using Pro
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curve segments noFill(); // comment
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control handles fill(255); ellipse(
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Figure 7-32. bezier() vs. bezierVer
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curveVertex(92+x, 15); curveVertex(
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strokeWeight(.75); stroke(0); rectM
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Figure 7-35. Bézier Ellipse sketch
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I included one last example (shown
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curveTightness(tightness); beginSha
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Summary Curves, and the math behind
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PROCESSING: CREATIVE CODING AND COM
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10 COLOR AND IMAGING
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left squares fill(255, 120, 0); rec
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the color. Up to this point in the
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} radius*=ratio; ratio-=.1; } } els
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Figure 10-4. Alpha sketch In this e
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A quick review of creating transfor
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* Nematode - stage 1 Ira Greenberg,
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Figure 10-8. Nematode sketch (stage
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Figure 10-9. Finished Nematode sket
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the decreasing wavelengths of the i
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values, just to illustrate the poss
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lerpColor() uses the same approach
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I want to mention two final points
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column for (int i=x; i
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needs to be increased, as radius in
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Figure 10-19. Wave Gradient sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 10-23. Load an Image sketch
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The image() function has an extra f
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In the last example, I created an a
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Figure 10-27. Simple Image Encrypti
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Figure 10-28. Pixilate sketch The n
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Figure 10-30. Tint sketch Speeding
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* Tint (using bitwise operations) C
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the book that a primitive type is d
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The mask works like an alpha channe
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ect(random(width), random(height),
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This last sketch couldn’t be simp
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separate out and invert component c
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Figure 10-39. GRAY Filter sketch Th
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adius is set high, the blurring can
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lend() PImage Method sketch // both
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Figure 10-45. blend() Function with
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The next sketch utilizes some for l
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In the last example, I used Process
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Inheritance In OOP, inheritance des
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AXIS_VERTICAL from outside the Grad
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y axis if(axis == AXIS_VERTICAL){ f
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calculate differences between color
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c7 = color(0); c8 = color(255); r1
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In the “Imaging” section, you d
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12 INTERACTIVITY
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} public void mouseClicked(MouseEve
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void setup(){ size(400, 400); // in
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initialize x, y x = width/2.0; y =
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float friction = .85; float[]jitter
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nodeYPos = append(nodeYPos, mouseY)
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As usual, I declare global variable
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are filled with black. Using the in
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} } } } } // bottom display window
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color btnUpState = color(200, 200,
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float xSpeed = 0; color movingSquar
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xSpeed-=.2; btn1Background = btnDow
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mouse trails if (isTrailable){ fill
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isTrailsSelected, which changes the
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shapes. The following example, in s
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set initial button background color
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also makes the code a little harder
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stroke(200); rect(eraserBtn[0], era
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} sliderValue = (sliderHandle[0]-sl
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if (!isBrushSelected){ if (mouseX>b
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selection can be active at a time.
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ectBackground = color(255, 0, 0); }
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is smaller (vertically) than the en
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keys 2-8 control number of edges fo
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strokeWeight(strokeWt); float angle
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Summary We began this chapter compa
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A PROCESSING LANGUAGE API
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http://processing.org/. My main obj
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its binary equivalent. I used some
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part of the article as well. My sug
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Example 1: A Java approach void set
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The combination of these two struct
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Example 3: Creating a honeycomb gra
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Conditionals Conditionals and the r
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Shape // top and bottom boundaries
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You’ll notice that by default, th
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start dragging if flag true for (in
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pushMatrix(); rotateY(-frameCount*P
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egular polygon size(400, 400); smoo
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texture(images[3]); vertex(w, -h/2,
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lots of arrays float[]x = new float
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Keyboard Figure A-9. Box Springs sk
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entering CMD). When using a command
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hour hand strokeWeight(2); stroke(5
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In the next example, I use beginRec
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Transformations include moving, sca
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float ang; int rows = 20; int cols
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vertex(-w/2 + shiftX, -h/2 + shiftY
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Lights The Lights section includes
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system, you can try lowering the re
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ankAngle+=bankSpeed; vert = -600 +z
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Setting The Setting section include
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ellipseMode(CORNER); fill(200, 200,
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of this part of the API. These myst
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Image The Image section relates ver
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Loading & Displaying The Loading &
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these elements is the creation of a
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Typography Processing utilizes mult
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This will output a list of all the
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“Operators” will hopefully soun
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The noise() function is an advanced
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B MATH REFERENCE
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After multiplying, you can reduce t
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Here’s an example: When dividing,
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Figure B-1. Using a right triangle
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Here’s how the process works: pic
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In Figure B-5, the point p is at 45
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ect (px, py, 5, 5); stroke(100); li
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manipulation is one area in which b
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the number, as shown in the followi
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Here’s the output: c1 in binary =
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This sketch outputs the following:
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I’m not going to provide examples
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simple-looking paint bucket tool in
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Figure B-7. Color variations filter
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INDEX 776 SYMBOLS AND NUMERICS /* a
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INDEX 778 beginShape function, 209
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INDEX 780 clipping planes, frustum,
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INDEX 782 naming conventions/rules,
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INDEX 784 functions, 440 loadPixels
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INDEX 786 filter function, 452-459
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INDEX 788 minute, 708 modelX/modelY
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INDEX 790 H haptics, 108 has-a rela
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INDEX 792 MouseListener interface,
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INDEX 794 M Mac keyboard shortcuts,
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INDEX 796 classes, 304, 321 constan
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INDEX 798 coding in 3D, 616 mapping
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INDEX 800 procedures see functions
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INDEX 802 Hybrid Shape, 366, 368 Hy
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INDEX 804 radians, converting betwe
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INDEX 806 Nematode sketch, 411, 413
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INDEX 808 text Orbiting Text sketch
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INDEX 810 VERY_HIGH option, encrypt
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