Processing: Creative Coding and Computational Art

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and earlier (yes, J2SE 5 and Java SE 6 come after J2SE 1.4). Version 1.4 is the version that comes bundled with Processing’s Windows installer, and it is also the default installation in OS X. The reason Java versioning numbers go from 1.4 to 5 is because Sun, in their wisdom, decided to drop the “1.” from the names—if you really care why, you can read about it here: http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/relnotes/version-5.0.html. What all this means to Processing users is that you can’t use any new Java syntax specified in releases after 1.4 within the Processing development environment. (Syntax is essentially the grammar you use when you write code—which you’ll learn all about in Chapter 3.) For the latest information on the tempestuous love affair between Processing and Java, please see http://processing.org/faq.html#java. Web capability Java’s capabilities also extend to the browser environment, allowing Java programs (applets) to be run in Java-enabled browsers, similar to the way Flash programs run within the browser. Processing takes advantage of this capability, allowing Processing sketches that you create within the Processing development environment to be exported as standard Java applets that run within the browser. One of the factors in Processing’s quickly spreading popularity is its web presence. Processing’s online home, http://processing.org/, has single-handedly put Processing on the map; the many awards and accolades bestowed upon its creators, Casey Reas and Ben Fry, haven’t hurt either. One of the main reasons people continue to go to the Processing site is to visit the Processing Exhibition space (http://processing.org/ exhibition/index.html), which has a simple “Add a link” feature, allowing Processors to add a link to their own Processing work. The fact that Processing sketches can be exported as Java applets is the reason this online gallery is possible. Because Processing has been a web-based initiative, its documentation was also written in HTML and designed to take advantage of the browser environment. The Java API (application programming interface) is also HTML-based. HTML allows both Processing and Java’s documentation to have embedded hyperlinks throughout, providing easy linking between related structures and concepts. The Processing API is the main language documentation for the Processing language, and can be found online at http://processing.org/ reference/index.html. The Java API most useful with regard to Processing (there are a couple different ones) can be found at http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/ index.html. Aside from the Processing API, there are two other helpful areas on the Processing site worth noting: Learning/Examples (http://processing.org/learning/index.html) and Discourse (http://processing.org/discourse/yabb_beta/YaBB.cgi). The Learning/ Examples section includes numerous examples of simple Processing sketches, covering a wide variety of graphics programming topics. This section, like most of the Processing site, is an evolving archive and a great place to study well-written snippets of code as you begin learning. The Discourse section of the site includes message boards on a wide range of subjects, covering all things Processing. You’ll even get replies from Casey and Ben, as well as other master Processing coders—a number of whom are well-known code artists and Processing teachers. INTRODUCTION xxv
INTRODUCTION xxvi Hopefully by now you’ve successfully downloaded the Processing software. Now, let’s install it and fire it up. Launching the application OS X: After downloading the software, launch the Stuffit X archive (.sitx), which will create a Processing 0124 folder. Within the folder you’ll see the Processing program icon. Windows: After downloading the software, extract the ZIP archive (.zip), which will create a Processing 0124 folder. Within the folder you’ll see the Processing program icon. To test that Processing is working, double-click the Processing program icon to launch the application. A window similar to the one shown in Figure 1 should open. Figure 1. The Processing application interface
Page 1 and 2: IrA GreenberG CreATe CoDe ArT, vIsu
Page 3 and 4: Processing: Creative Coding and Com
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS AT A GLANCE Foreword . . .
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . .
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS viii The joy of math . . .
Page 11 and 12: CONTENTS x Applying OOP to shape cr
Page 13 and 14: CONTENTS xii Environment . . . . .
Page 15 and 16: FOREWORD If you are like me (and th
Page 17 and 18: ABOUT THE AUTHOR With an eclectic b
Page 19 and 20: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very fortunate
Page 21 and 22: INTRODUCTION Welcome to Processing:
Page 23 and 24: INTRODUCTION xxii Intended audience
Page 25: INTRODUCTION xxiv Setting up Proces
Page 29 and 30: INTRODUCTION xxviii Figure 3. Scree
Page 31 and 32: INTRODUCTION xxx New or changed cod
Page 34 and 35: 1 CODE ART
Page 36 and 37: The problem with a Photoshop filter
Page 38 and 39: Figure 1-3. Example of ancient art
Page 40 and 41: then jump 400 years to 1614 and Joh
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Page 44 and 45: As an aside, it’s worth observing
Page 46 and 47: John Whitney Sr., 1918-1995 John Wh
Page 48 and 49: algorithms. To learn more about Coh
Page 50 and 51: landfill/), and Feed (www.potatolan
Page 52 and 53: periodicals such as Art Journal, Wi
Page 54 and 55: And many more . . . While I have in
Page 58 and 59: 2 CREATIVE CODING
Page 60 and 61: I think what was reinforced for me
Page 62 and 63: customized commands, and run loops.
Page 64 and 65: of code that work like processing m
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Page 68 and 69: Without getting too geeky, the main
Page 70 and 71: A framework is just a concept for b
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the time to play at whatever level
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} pts[counter2].y-yg); xg*=-1; coun
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The overall movement was good, but
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Obviously, there are a lot of thing
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} } // generates organic looking br
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3 CODE GRAMMAR 101
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Your first program In most programm
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message comes up on the bar in the
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Since the getBreed() method would r
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Variables Variables are essential t
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It’s because strict typing helps
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Stage 3 adds the gradient: /* title
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Next, I assign values to some primi
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In the first preceding example, add
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Assignment operators The only other
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* title: Bouncing Ball description:
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Animation is a perfect example of t
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if (hunger= starving) { eatAnything
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Ternary operator The last condition
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The items array has 50 places reser
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println(x); x += 1; } while(x
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Figure 3-4. Continuous radial gradi
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int ballCount = 500; int ballSize =
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Hopefully, you were able to success
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function call above*/ // fill(i*255
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If you run this, you should see a 1
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yspeed*=-1; } } Within the draw() f
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void checkCollisions(int xp, int yp
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createRect(50, 50, 100, 100, 20, 5,
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4 COMPUTER GRAPHICS, THE FUN, EASY
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Some of the reasons coding graphics
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When working in a 3D coordinate sys
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plotted, the vertices are connected
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eally shines. And remember, as you
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need to be stored in memory, and th
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Within each of these application ar
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don’t realize you’re doing it
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Geometry Like algebra, geometry dat
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(second-degree) curve has one turni
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or possibly even a complete crash o
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This linear motion would plot as a
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and began doubling. By step 80, the
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*Simple Repeating Wave Pattern Ira
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float waveGap = 10; float frequency
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a piece of paper and do a little mo
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Interactivity Figure 4-13. Puff Peo
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Events will be covered and implemen
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PROCESSING: CREATIVE CODING AND COM
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6 LINES
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Figure 6-2. Two-point sketch Adding
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Streamlining the sketch with a whil
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type into the sketch. Although the
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Figure 6-7. Randomized particle spr
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Figure 6-9. Multiple randomized par
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Coding a grid To begin, I’ll show
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Notice that you can make the value
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float steps = totalPts+1; int total
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Creating space through fades Your l
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for (int j=0; j
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Figure 6-19. Yin Yang Fade sketch,
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coordinates of the line. For exampl
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Figure 6-24. End cap variation exam
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Figure 6-25. Auto Layout sketch Thi
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int xPadding = 150; int yPadding =
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Figure 6-27. Table Layout II sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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This is the same drawTable() functi
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easy. The benefit of internally rec
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I call my custom function makeRect(
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As you might suspect, anti-aliasing
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call scribble function strokeWeight
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else { } // extra line needed to at
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smooth(); float x = random(width);
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Figure 6-36. Concentric Maze sketch
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void setup(){ //these values can be
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Create a Triangle size(400, 400); b
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Figure 6-39. Create 3 Triangles ske
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Poly Pattern I (table structure) /*
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Poly Pattern II (spiral) /* Poly Pa
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Poly Pattern III (polystar) /* Poly
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Figure 6-46. Poly Pattern III (poly
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7 CURVES
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size(200, 200); background(255); in
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You should notice some familiar str
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int margin = height/15; strokeWeigh
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Figure 7-8. Revealing the points ma
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* Curves II Ira Greenberg, December
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lower particle speed ySpeed[i]*=gra
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Figure 7-11. Curves simulating a fo
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Figure 7-13. Damping effect on curv
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particle style strokeWeight(strokeS
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By using functions to organize a pr
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 7-18. Generating a curve wit
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float x = 0, y = 0; int loopLimit =
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concentric circles size(200, 200);
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Pie charts, although valuable as vi
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curve() and bezier() The next two P
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Next is an interactive example that
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Figure 7-27. Interpolating a Bézie
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ezier(350, 100, 400, 150, 350, 250,
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Figure 7-30. Spline curve using Pro
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curve segments noFill(); // comment
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control handles fill(255); ellipse(
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Figure 7-32. bezier() vs. bezierVer
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curveVertex(92+x, 15); curveVertex(
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strokeWeight(.75); stroke(0); rectM
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Figure 7-35. Bézier Ellipse sketch
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I included one last example (shown
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curveTightness(tightness); beginSha
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Summary Curves, and the math behind
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10 COLOR AND IMAGING
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left squares fill(255, 120, 0); rec
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the color. Up to this point in the
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} radius*=ratio; ratio-=.1; } } els
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Figure 10-4. Alpha sketch In this e
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A quick review of creating transfor
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* Nematode - stage 1 Ira Greenberg,
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Figure 10-8. Nematode sketch (stage
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Figure 10-9. Finished Nematode sket
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the decreasing wavelengths of the i
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values, just to illustrate the poss
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lerpColor() uses the same approach
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I want to mention two final points
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column for (int i=x; i
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needs to be increased, as radius in
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Figure 10-19. Wave Gradient sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 10-23. Load an Image sketch
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The image() function has an extra f
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In the last example, I created an a
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Figure 10-27. Simple Image Encrypti
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Figure 10-28. Pixilate sketch The n
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Figure 10-30. Tint sketch Speeding
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* Tint (using bitwise operations) C
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the book that a primitive type is d
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The mask works like an alpha channe
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ect(random(width), random(height),
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This last sketch couldn’t be simp
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separate out and invert component c
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Figure 10-39. GRAY Filter sketch Th
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adius is set high, the blurring can
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lend() PImage Method sketch // both
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Figure 10-45. blend() Function with
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The next sketch utilizes some for l
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In the last example, I used Process
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Inheritance In OOP, inheritance des
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AXIS_VERTICAL from outside the Grad
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y axis if(axis == AXIS_VERTICAL){ f
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calculate differences between color
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c7 = color(0); c8 = color(255); r1
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In the “Imaging” section, you d
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12 INTERACTIVITY
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} public void mouseClicked(MouseEve
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void setup(){ size(400, 400); // in
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initialize x, y x = width/2.0; y =
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float friction = .85; float[]jitter
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nodeYPos = append(nodeYPos, mouseY)
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As usual, I declare global variable
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are filled with black. Using the in
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} } } } } // bottom display window
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color btnUpState = color(200, 200,
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float xSpeed = 0; color movingSquar
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xSpeed-=.2; btn1Background = btnDow
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mouse trails if (isTrailable){ fill
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isTrailsSelected, which changes the
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shapes. The following example, in s
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set initial button background color
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also makes the code a little harder
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stroke(200); rect(eraserBtn[0], era
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} sliderValue = (sliderHandle[0]-sl
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if (!isBrushSelected){ if (mouseX>b
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selection can be active at a time.
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ectBackground = color(255, 0, 0); }
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is smaller (vertically) than the en
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keys 2-8 control number of edges fo
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strokeWeight(strokeWt); float angle
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Summary We began this chapter compa
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A PROCESSING LANGUAGE API
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http://processing.org/. My main obj
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its binary equivalent. I used some
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part of the article as well. My sug
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Example 1: A Java approach void set
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The combination of these two struct
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Example 3: Creating a honeycomb gra
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Conditionals Conditionals and the r
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Shape // top and bottom boundaries
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You’ll notice that by default, th
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start dragging if flag true for (in
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pushMatrix(); rotateY(-frameCount*P
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egular polygon size(400, 400); smoo
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texture(images[3]); vertex(w, -h/2,
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lots of arrays float[]x = new float
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Keyboard Figure A-9. Box Springs sk
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entering CMD). When using a command
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hour hand strokeWeight(2); stroke(5
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In the next example, I use beginRec
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Transformations include moving, sca
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float ang; int rows = 20; int cols
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vertex(-w/2 + shiftX, -h/2 + shiftY
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Lights The Lights section includes
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system, you can try lowering the re
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ankAngle+=bankSpeed; vert = -600 +z
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Setting The Setting section include
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ellipseMode(CORNER); fill(200, 200,
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of this part of the API. These myst
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Image The Image section relates ver
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Loading & Displaying The Loading &
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these elements is the creation of a
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Typography Processing utilizes mult
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This will output a list of all the
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“Operators” will hopefully soun
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The noise() function is an advanced
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B MATH REFERENCE
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After multiplying, you can reduce t
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Here’s an example: When dividing,
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Figure B-1. Using a right triangle
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Here’s how the process works: pic
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In Figure B-5, the point p is at 45
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ect (px, py, 5, 5); stroke(100); li
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manipulation is one area in which b
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the number, as shown in the followi
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Here’s the output: c1 in binary =
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This sketch outputs the following:
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I’m not going to provide examples
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simple-looking paint bucket tool in
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Figure B-7. Color variations filter
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INDEX 776 SYMBOLS AND NUMERICS /* a
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INDEX 778 beginShape function, 209
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INDEX 780 clipping planes, frustum,
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INDEX 782 naming conventions/rules,
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INDEX 784 functions, 440 loadPixels
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INDEX 786 filter function, 452-459
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INDEX 788 minute, 708 modelX/modelY
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INDEX 790 H haptics, 108 has-a rela
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INDEX 792 MouseListener interface,
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INDEX 794 M Mac keyboard shortcuts,
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INDEX 796 classes, 304, 321 constan
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INDEX 798 coding in 3D, 616 mapping
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INDEX 800 procedures see functions
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INDEX 802 Hybrid Shape, 366, 368 Hy
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INDEX 804 radians, converting betwe
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INDEX 806 Nematode sketch, 411, 413
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INDEX 808 text Orbiting Text sketch
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INDEX 810 VERY_HIGH option, encrypt
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