Processing: Creative Coding and Computational Art

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importance of color, 400–401 indexed color, 114 object-oriented approach to, 468–478 performing bitwise operations on, 763 Rotated Triangle sketch, 403 setting background color, 177 setting color mode, 415–419 specifying color value, 728 Subtractive ColorWheel sketch, 405 theory of color, 401–408 true color, 114 value property, 402 web safe palette, 114 Color Banding with pixels[] sketch, 431 Color Component Functions sketch, 423 color components bitwise operations, 444 INVERT argument, 453 color data structure, 762 color data type, 729 creating arrays, 404 Drawing Application example, 595 primitive data types, 679 color function, 402 accessing individual color component values, 422 color functions in Processing, 419–423 bitwise operations, 423 color mode Multi Modes sketch, 418 setting color mode, 415–419 color model, additive/subtractive, 406 Color Modes RGB/HSB sketch, 416 color palettes dithering, 114 Drawing Application example, 592, 595 web safe palette, 66, 114 Color Picker command, Tools menu, 156 Color section, Processing API, 724–730 Color Shift sketch, 401 Color Static sketch, 432 color variations filter using bitwise operations, 773 color wheel Subtractive ColorWheel sketch, 405 colorMode function, 726 accessing individual color component values, 422 Drawing Application example, 595 Multi Modes sketch, 418 setting color mode, 415, 417 columns calculating columns based on number of points, 179 commands, Processing window Edit menu, 152 File menu, 151 Help menu, 157 Sketch menu, 154 Tools menu, 155 comments block comment tags, 60 commenting out a single line, 60 Structure section, Processing API, 677 compilers history of computers, 13 jikes Java compiler, 145 just-in-time compilers, 38 compiling, 37 hidden file tabs, 148 Run button, toolbar, 149 complete Processing API see Processing API components color components, 444 display window, 409 composite data types, 680 Composite section, Processing API, 680 Compositing sketch, 436 composition, OOP, 323–336 has-a relationship, 324 House class using, 391 compression lossless compression, 115 lossy compression, 115 LZW compression, 115 computation, aesthetics and, 5–8 computer art, history of, 8–14 computer graphics see graphics Computer in Art, The, 13 computer-aided design, graphics, 108 computers analog computers, 14 dumb machines, 41 concatenation operator (+), 313 conditional expressions collision detection, 488 is not equal to (!=), 313 conditional operators, 74 conditional statements, 76–83 see also if . . . else syntax Boolean logic, 79, 685 switch statements, 81–82 ternary operator, 83 Conditionals section, Processing API, 689 cones cube to pyramid to cone to cylinder, 657–662 conservation of momentum, law of, 555 constants, 308 class constants, 470 magic numbers, 178 naming conventions/rules, 325 Constants section, Processing API, 743 constrain function, 448 constructors, OOP, 305, 380 BurritoRecipe class, 309–311 creating your own constructors, 380 multiple constructors, 305 INDEX 781
INDEX 782 naming conventions/rules, 309 parameters, 310 continuity curves in geometry, 126 continuous mode, 159–161 continuous radial gradient program, 88 Contrast sketch (using bitwise operations), 448 Control section, Processing API, 684–691 Conversion section, Processing API, 681 coordinate systems, graphics, 109–111 3D coordinate system, 111 Cartesian coordinate system, 109 local vs. world coordinates, 111 origin, 109 polar coordinate system, 228 registration point, 110 Coordinates section, Processing API, 719 Copy command, Edit menu, 153 CORNER mode imageMode function, 733 rect function, 341 CORNERS mode imageMode function, 733 rect function, 341 Cornish, Dr. Neil, 130 cos function creating curves using trig, 256 Drawing Application example, 598 translating rotations, 535 cosine mnemonic for trig functions, 756 cosine wave, phase shift, 756 Create Font command, Tools menu, 155, 582 Create Font dialog box, 155 create method, Cube class, 627, 628 creating custom 3D cube, 628–631 create method, SpinnyCube class, 646 createFont function, 738 Drawing Application example, 592, 594 createGradient function, 426 createGraphics function, 734, 735 createPredatoryTriangle function, 504 createRect function, 641 createSpring function, 513 Creating & Reading section, Processing API, 728 crenellation constructing 3D brick tower, 647, 649 cross-platform functionality, Java, 144 Csuri, Charles, 23 Cube class constructing brick tower, 647–650 constructors, 627 create method, 627, 628 creating custom 3D cube, 626, 628–631, 634 rotation of cube around XYZ axes, 642 Cube to Pyramid to Cone to Cylinder sketch, 660, 661 cubes creating custom 3D cube, 625–635 cube to pyramid to cone to cylinder, 657–662 Cubes Contained Within a Cube sketch, 634 drawing cubes sketch, 166 multiple translations example, 620 rotation of cube around XYZ axes, 642 spinning 3D cube, 616 Two Rotating Custom Cubes sketch, 631 cubic curve, 266 curves in geometry, 124 number of turning points in, 125 plot of cubic curve, 267 Processing generating, 125 Cubic Grid sketch, 624 curly braces { }, 61 Bouncing Ball program, 79 using in functions, 34 cursor function, 582 cursor PNG images, 594 cursors built-in cursor icons, 582 Environment section, Processing API, 678 curve function, 273–298 Bézier Ellipse sketch, 292, 293, 294 creating elliptical plots, 290 Curve Ellipse sketch, 297 curve() vs. curveVertex(), 289 description, 693 parameters, 281 spline curve using curve function, 281 curveDetail function, 298 curveEllipse function, 298 curvePoint function, 298 curves arc function, 268–272 Bézier curves, 693 showing anchor and control points, 274 bezier function, 273–298 connecting Bézier curves together, 279 controlling curvature, 283 creating curves using polynomials, 262–267 creating curves using trig, 255–262 creating first curve, 246–255 creating hybrid shapes, 365 cubic Bézier curve, 278 cubic curve, 266 curve created from points, 247 curve function, 273–298 curves as particle waves, 260 curveTightness function, 283 damping effect on curves, 257 falling random bouncing strands, 252 falling random strands, 250
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IrA GreenberG CreATe CoDe ArT, vIsu
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Processing: Creative Coding and Com
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CONTENTS AT A GLANCE Foreword . . .
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CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS viii The joy of math . . .
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CONTENTS x Applying OOP to shape cr
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CONTENTS xii Environment . . . . .
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FOREWORD If you are like me (and th
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR With an eclectic b
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very fortunate
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INTRODUCTION Welcome to Processing:
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INTRODUCTION xxii Intended audience
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INTRODUCTION xxiv Setting up Proces
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INTRODUCTION xxvi Hopefully by now
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INTRODUCTION xxviii Figure 3. Scree
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INTRODUCTION xxx New or changed cod
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1 CODE ART
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The problem with a Photoshop filter
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Figure 1-3. Example of ancient art
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then jump 400 years to 1614 and Joh
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fertile imagination remained intact
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As an aside, it’s worth observing
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John Whitney Sr., 1918-1995 John Wh
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algorithms. To learn more about Coh
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landfill/), and Feed (www.potatolan
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periodicals such as Art Journal, Wi
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And many more . . . While I have in
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2 CREATIVE CODING
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I think what was reinforced for me
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customized commands, and run loops.
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of code that work like processing m
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introduced to become larger, more c
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Without getting too geeky, the main
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A framework is just a concept for b
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algorithm in a math class in high s
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frame. The loop keeps running and k
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the time to play at whatever level
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} pts[counter2].y-yg); xg*=-1; coun
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The overall movement was good, but
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Obviously, there are a lot of thing
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} } // generates organic looking br
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3 CODE GRAMMAR 101
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Your first program In most programm
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message comes up on the bar in the
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Since the getBreed() method would r
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Variables Variables are essential t
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It’s because strict typing helps
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Stage 3 adds the gradient: /* title
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Next, I assign values to some primi
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In the first preceding example, add
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Assignment operators The only other
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* title: Bouncing Ball description:
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Animation is a perfect example of t
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if (hunger= starving) { eatAnything
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Ternary operator The last condition
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The items array has 50 places reser
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println(x); x += 1; } while(x
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Figure 3-4. Continuous radial gradi
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int ballCount = 500; int ballSize =
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Hopefully, you were able to success
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function call above*/ // fill(i*255
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If you run this, you should see a 1
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yspeed*=-1; } } Within the draw() f
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void checkCollisions(int xp, int yp
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createRect(50, 50, 100, 100, 20, 5,
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4 COMPUTER GRAPHICS, THE FUN, EASY
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Some of the reasons coding graphics
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When working in a 3D coordinate sys
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plotted, the vertices are connected
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eally shines. And remember, as you
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need to be stored in memory, and th
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Within each of these application ar
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don’t realize you’re doing it
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Geometry Like algebra, geometry dat
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(second-degree) curve has one turni
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or possibly even a complete crash o
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This linear motion would plot as a
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and began doubling. By step 80, the
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*Simple Repeating Wave Pattern Ira
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float waveGap = 10; float frequency
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a piece of paper and do a little mo
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Interactivity Figure 4-13. Puff Peo
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Events will be covered and implemen
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PROCESSING: CREATIVE CODING AND COM
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6 LINES
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Figure 6-2. Two-point sketch Adding
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Streamlining the sketch with a whil
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type into the sketch. Although the
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Figure 6-7. Randomized particle spr
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Figure 6-9. Multiple randomized par
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Coding a grid To begin, I’ll show
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Notice that you can make the value
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float steps = totalPts+1; int total
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Creating space through fades Your l
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for (int j=0; j
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Figure 6-19. Yin Yang Fade sketch,
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coordinates of the line. For exampl
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Figure 6-24. End cap variation exam
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Figure 6-25. Auto Layout sketch Thi
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int xPadding = 150; int yPadding =
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Figure 6-27. Table Layout II sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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This is the same drawTable() functi
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easy. The benefit of internally rec
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I call my custom function makeRect(
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As you might suspect, anti-aliasing
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call scribble function strokeWeight
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else { } // extra line needed to at
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smooth(); float x = random(width);
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Figure 6-36. Concentric Maze sketch
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void setup(){ //these values can be
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Create a Triangle size(400, 400); b
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Figure 6-39. Create 3 Triangles ske
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Poly Pattern I (table structure) /*
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Poly Pattern II (spiral) /* Poly Pa
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Poly Pattern III (polystar) /* Poly
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Figure 6-46. Poly Pattern III (poly
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7 CURVES
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size(200, 200); background(255); in
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You should notice some familiar str
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int margin = height/15; strokeWeigh
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Figure 7-8. Revealing the points ma
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* Curves II Ira Greenberg, December
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lower particle speed ySpeed[i]*=gra
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Figure 7-11. Curves simulating a fo
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Figure 7-13. Damping effect on curv
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particle style strokeWeight(strokeS
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By using functions to organize a pr
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 7-18. Generating a curve wit
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float x = 0, y = 0; int loopLimit =
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concentric circles size(200, 200);
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Pie charts, although valuable as vi
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curve() and bezier() The next two P
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Next is an interactive example that
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Figure 7-27. Interpolating a Bézie
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ezier(350, 100, 400, 150, 350, 250,
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Figure 7-30. Spline curve using Pro
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curve segments noFill(); // comment
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control handles fill(255); ellipse(
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Figure 7-32. bezier() vs. bezierVer
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curveVertex(92+x, 15); curveVertex(
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strokeWeight(.75); stroke(0); rectM
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Figure 7-35. Bézier Ellipse sketch
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I included one last example (shown
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curveTightness(tightness); beginSha
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Summary Curves, and the math behind
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10 COLOR AND IMAGING
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left squares fill(255, 120, 0); rec
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the color. Up to this point in the
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} radius*=ratio; ratio-=.1; } } els
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Figure 10-4. Alpha sketch In this e
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A quick review of creating transfor
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* Nematode - stage 1 Ira Greenberg,
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Figure 10-8. Nematode sketch (stage
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Figure 10-9. Finished Nematode sket
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the decreasing wavelengths of the i
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values, just to illustrate the poss
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lerpColor() uses the same approach
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I want to mention two final points
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column for (int i=x; i
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needs to be increased, as radius in
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Figure 10-19. Wave Gradient sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 10-23. Load an Image sketch
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The image() function has an extra f
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In the last example, I created an a
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Figure 10-27. Simple Image Encrypti
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Figure 10-28. Pixilate sketch The n
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Figure 10-30. Tint sketch Speeding
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* Tint (using bitwise operations) C
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the book that a primitive type is d
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The mask works like an alpha channe
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ect(random(width), random(height),
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This last sketch couldn’t be simp
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separate out and invert component c
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Figure 10-39. GRAY Filter sketch Th
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adius is set high, the blurring can
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lend() PImage Method sketch // both
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Figure 10-45. blend() Function with
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The next sketch utilizes some for l
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In the last example, I used Process
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Inheritance In OOP, inheritance des
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AXIS_VERTICAL from outside the Grad
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y axis if(axis == AXIS_VERTICAL){ f
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calculate differences between color
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c7 = color(0); c8 = color(255); r1
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In the “Imaging” section, you d
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12 INTERACTIVITY
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} public void mouseClicked(MouseEve
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void setup(){ size(400, 400); // in
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initialize x, y x = width/2.0; y =
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float friction = .85; float[]jitter
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nodeYPos = append(nodeYPos, mouseY)
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As usual, I declare global variable
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are filled with black. Using the in
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} } } } } // bottom display window
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color btnUpState = color(200, 200,
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float xSpeed = 0; color movingSquar
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xSpeed-=.2; btn1Background = btnDow
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mouse trails if (isTrailable){ fill
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isTrailsSelected, which changes the
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shapes. The following example, in s
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set initial button background color
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also makes the code a little harder
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stroke(200); rect(eraserBtn[0], era
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} sliderValue = (sliderHandle[0]-sl
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if (!isBrushSelected){ if (mouseX>b
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selection can be active at a time.
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ectBackground = color(255, 0, 0); }
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is smaller (vertically) than the en
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keys 2-8 control number of edges fo
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strokeWeight(strokeWt); float angle
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Summary We began this chapter compa
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A PROCESSING LANGUAGE API
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http://processing.org/. My main obj
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its binary equivalent. I used some
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part of the article as well. My sug
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Example 1: A Java approach void set
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The combination of these two struct
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Example 3: Creating a honeycomb gra
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Conditionals Conditionals and the r
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Shape // top and bottom boundaries
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You’ll notice that by default, th
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start dragging if flag true for (in
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pushMatrix(); rotateY(-frameCount*P
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egular polygon size(400, 400); smoo
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texture(images[3]); vertex(w, -h/2,
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lots of arrays float[]x = new float
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Keyboard Figure A-9. Box Springs sk
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entering CMD). When using a command
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hour hand strokeWeight(2); stroke(5
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In the next example, I use beginRec
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Transformations include moving, sca
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float ang; int rows = 20; int cols
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vertex(-w/2 + shiftX, -h/2 + shiftY
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Lights The Lights section includes
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system, you can try lowering the re
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ankAngle+=bankSpeed; vert = -600 +z
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Setting The Setting section include
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ellipseMode(CORNER); fill(200, 200,
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of this part of the API. These myst
Page 762 and 763: Image The Image section relates ver
Page 764 and 765: Loading & Displaying The Loading &
Page 766 and 767: these elements is the creation of a
Page 768 and 769: Typography Processing utilizes mult
Page 770 and 771: This will output a list of all the
Page 772 and 773: “Operators” will hopefully soun
Page 774 and 775: The noise() function is an advanced
Page 778 and 779: B MATH REFERENCE
Page 780 and 781: After multiplying, you can reduce t
Page 782 and 783: Here’s an example: When dividing,
Page 784 and 785: Figure B-1. Using a right triangle
Page 786 and 787: Here’s how the process works: pic
Page 788 and 789: In Figure B-5, the point p is at 45
Page 790 and 791: ect (px, py, 5, 5); stroke(100); li
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Page 796 and 797: Here’s the output: c1 in binary =
Page 798 and 799: This sketch outputs the following:
Page 800 and 801: I’m not going to provide examples
Page 802 and 803: simple-looking paint bucket tool in
Page 804: Figure B-7. Color variations filter
Page 807 and 808: INDEX 776 SYMBOLS AND NUMERICS /* a
Page 809 and 810: INDEX 778 beginShape function, 209
Page 811: INDEX 780 clipping planes, frustum,
Page 815 and 816: INDEX 784 functions, 440 loadPixels
Page 817 and 818: INDEX 786 filter function, 452-459
Page 819 and 820: INDEX 788 minute, 708 modelX/modelY
Page 821 and 822: INDEX 790 H haptics, 108 has-a rela
Page 823 and 824: INDEX 792 MouseListener interface,
Page 825 and 826: INDEX 794 M Mac keyboard shortcuts,
Page 827 and 828: INDEX 796 classes, 304, 321 constan
Page 829 and 830: INDEX 798 coding in 3D, 616 mapping
Page 831 and 832: INDEX 800 procedures see functions
Page 833 and 834: INDEX 802 Hybrid Shape, 366, 368 Hy
Page 835 and 836: INDEX 804 radians, converting betwe
Page 837 and 838: INDEX 806 Nematode sketch, 411, 413
Page 839 and 840: INDEX 808 text Orbiting Text sketch
Page 841: INDEX 810 VERY_HIGH option, encrypt
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