Processing: Creative Coding and Computational Art

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INDEX
INDEX 776 SYMBOLS AND NUMERICS /* and */ notation for comments, 60 // notation for comments, 60 # symbol, color values, 728 ~ (bitwise complement), 769 > (shifting bits), 763–767 & (bitwise AND operator), 767, 769 ^ (bitwise XOR operator), 769 | (bitwise OR operator), 768 ? . . . : statement see ternary operator 1D Collision Using Conservation of Momentum sketch, 557 1D Collision with Swapping Velocities sketch, 554 24-bit color, 113 2D Collision Using Conservation of Momentum sketch, 559 2D Primitives section, Processing API, 692 32-bit color, 114 3D coding, 616–672 see also coding 3D 3D engine, 618 3D Math, 109 3D modes OPENGL mode, 166–169 P3D mode, 164–165 3D Primitives section, 696 3D rotations, 635–646 3D shapes simple vs. complex polygons, 371 48-bit color, 114 8-bit alpha component, 114 8-bit color, 114 A AARON, 16 abacus, Roman, 9 ABC computer, 11 abridged Processing API see Processing API abs function, 439, 453 abstract classes, 333 abstract keyword abstract class declaration, 470 instantiation of classes, 333 object-oriented approach to color/imaging, 469 abstract methods, 334 LinearGradient class implementing, 474 object-oriented approach to color/imaging, 471 RadialGradient class implementing, 475 accelerated motion, 129 acceleration Acceleration Calculations sketch output, 495 acceleration with gravity sketch, 494 acceleration curve, 127 accelX/accelY variables soft-body dynamics, 520 springing, 506 access modifiers, 312 Add File command, Sketch menu, 154 Drawing Application example, 594 ADD mode, blend function, 463 addition operator precedence, 121 additive color model, 406 aesthetics and computation, 5–8 reason for creating DBN, 8 affine transformations, 352 resetting affine transformation matrix, 355 AffineTransform class, Java, 352 After Effects, 118 algebra adding fractions, 749 adding negative numbers, 748 algebraic expression for lines, 123 associative/non-associative properties of operators, 121–122 dividing by zero, 748 dividing fractions, 749 exponential-logarithm relationship, 750 history of, 120 implementing algebraic expressions in Processing, 121 math for graphics, 120–122, 748–751 multiplying algebraic expressions, 122 multiplying and dividing exponents, 750 multiplying fractions, 748 multiplying negative numbers, 748 negative exponents, 749 operator precedence, 121 relationship between radicals and fractional exponents, 750 subtracting negative numbers, 748 algorithms, 40 algorithmic tree, 45–53 branching algorithm, 47 recursion, 46 aliasing/anti-aliasing, 215 alignment textAlign function, 740 All Character option Create Font dialog box, 155 alpha function, 422 alpha transparency see transparency ambient function, 720 ambient light, 720 Analog Clock sketch, 709 analog computers, 14 and (logical and) operator Bouncing Ball program, 80 conditional operators, 74 Logical Operators section, 689 AND bitwise operator (&), 767, 769 Angel, Dr. Edward, 108 angle of incidence, 525 angles measuring with radians, 757
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IrA GreenberG CreATe CoDe ArT, vIsu
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Processing: Creative Coding and Com
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CONTENTS AT A GLANCE Foreword . . .
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CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS viii The joy of math . . .
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CONTENTS x Applying OOP to shape cr
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CONTENTS xii Environment . . . . .
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FOREWORD If you are like me (and th
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR With an eclectic b
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very fortunate
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INTRODUCTION Welcome to Processing:
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INTRODUCTION xxii Intended audience
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INTRODUCTION xxiv Setting up Proces
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INTRODUCTION xxvi Hopefully by now
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INTRODUCTION xxviii Figure 3. Scree
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INTRODUCTION xxx New or changed cod
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1 CODE ART
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The problem with a Photoshop filter
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Figure 1-3. Example of ancient art
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then jump 400 years to 1614 and Joh
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fertile imagination remained intact
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As an aside, it’s worth observing
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John Whitney Sr., 1918-1995 John Wh
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algorithms. To learn more about Coh
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landfill/), and Feed (www.potatolan
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periodicals such as Art Journal, Wi
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And many more . . . While I have in
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2 CREATIVE CODING
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I think what was reinforced for me
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customized commands, and run loops.
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of code that work like processing m
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introduced to become larger, more c
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Without getting too geeky, the main
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A framework is just a concept for b
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algorithm in a math class in high s
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frame. The loop keeps running and k
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the time to play at whatever level
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} pts[counter2].y-yg); xg*=-1; coun
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The overall movement was good, but
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Obviously, there are a lot of thing
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} } // generates organic looking br
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3 CODE GRAMMAR 101
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Your first program In most programm
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message comes up on the bar in the
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Since the getBreed() method would r
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Variables Variables are essential t
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It’s because strict typing helps
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Stage 3 adds the gradient: /* title
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Next, I assign values to some primi
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In the first preceding example, add
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Assignment operators The only other
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* title: Bouncing Ball description:
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Animation is a perfect example of t
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if (hunger= starving) { eatAnything
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Ternary operator The last condition
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The items array has 50 places reser
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println(x); x += 1; } while(x
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Figure 3-4. Continuous radial gradi
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int ballCount = 500; int ballSize =
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Hopefully, you were able to success
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function call above*/ // fill(i*255
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If you run this, you should see a 1
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yspeed*=-1; } } Within the draw() f
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void checkCollisions(int xp, int yp
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createRect(50, 50, 100, 100, 20, 5,
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4 COMPUTER GRAPHICS, THE FUN, EASY
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Some of the reasons coding graphics
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When working in a 3D coordinate sys
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plotted, the vertices are connected
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eally shines. And remember, as you
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need to be stored in memory, and th
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Within each of these application ar
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don’t realize you’re doing it
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Geometry Like algebra, geometry dat
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(second-degree) curve has one turni
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or possibly even a complete crash o
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This linear motion would plot as a
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and began doubling. By step 80, the
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*Simple Repeating Wave Pattern Ira
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float waveGap = 10; float frequency
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a piece of paper and do a little mo
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Interactivity Figure 4-13. Puff Peo
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Events will be covered and implemen
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PROCESSING: CREATIVE CODING AND COM
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6 LINES
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Figure 6-2. Two-point sketch Adding
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Streamlining the sketch with a whil
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type into the sketch. Although the
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Figure 6-7. Randomized particle spr
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Figure 6-9. Multiple randomized par
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Coding a grid To begin, I’ll show
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Notice that you can make the value
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float steps = totalPts+1; int total
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Creating space through fades Your l
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for (int j=0; j
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Figure 6-19. Yin Yang Fade sketch,
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coordinates of the line. For exampl
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Figure 6-24. End cap variation exam
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Figure 6-25. Auto Layout sketch Thi
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int xPadding = 150; int yPadding =
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Figure 6-27. Table Layout II sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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This is the same drawTable() functi
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easy. The benefit of internally rec
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I call my custom function makeRect(
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As you might suspect, anti-aliasing
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call scribble function strokeWeight
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else { } // extra line needed to at
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smooth(); float x = random(width);
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Figure 6-36. Concentric Maze sketch
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void setup(){ //these values can be
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Create a Triangle size(400, 400); b
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Figure 6-39. Create 3 Triangles ske
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Poly Pattern I (table structure) /*
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Poly Pattern II (spiral) /* Poly Pa
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Poly Pattern III (polystar) /* Poly
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Figure 6-46. Poly Pattern III (poly
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7 CURVES
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size(200, 200); background(255); in
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You should notice some familiar str
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int margin = height/15; strokeWeigh
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Figure 7-8. Revealing the points ma
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* Curves II Ira Greenberg, December
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lower particle speed ySpeed[i]*=gra
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Figure 7-11. Curves simulating a fo
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Figure 7-13. Damping effect on curv
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particle style strokeWeight(strokeS
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By using functions to organize a pr
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 7-18. Generating a curve wit
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float x = 0, y = 0; int loopLimit =
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concentric circles size(200, 200);
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Pie charts, although valuable as vi
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curve() and bezier() The next two P
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Next is an interactive example that
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Figure 7-27. Interpolating a Bézie
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ezier(350, 100, 400, 150, 350, 250,
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Figure 7-30. Spline curve using Pro
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curve segments noFill(); // comment
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control handles fill(255); ellipse(
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Figure 7-32. bezier() vs. bezierVer
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curveVertex(92+x, 15); curveVertex(
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strokeWeight(.75); stroke(0); rectM
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Figure 7-35. Bézier Ellipse sketch
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I included one last example (shown
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curveTightness(tightness); beginSha
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Summary Curves, and the math behind
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10 COLOR AND IMAGING
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left squares fill(255, 120, 0); rec
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the color. Up to this point in the
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} radius*=ratio; ratio-=.1; } } els
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Figure 10-4. Alpha sketch In this e
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A quick review of creating transfor
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* Nematode - stage 1 Ira Greenberg,
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Figure 10-8. Nematode sketch (stage
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Figure 10-9. Finished Nematode sket
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the decreasing wavelengths of the i
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values, just to illustrate the poss
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lerpColor() uses the same approach
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I want to mention two final points
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column for (int i=x; i
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needs to be increased, as radius in
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Figure 10-19. Wave Gradient sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 10-23. Load an Image sketch
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The image() function has an extra f
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In the last example, I created an a
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Figure 10-27. Simple Image Encrypti
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Figure 10-28. Pixilate sketch The n
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Figure 10-30. Tint sketch Speeding
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* Tint (using bitwise operations) C
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the book that a primitive type is d
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The mask works like an alpha channe
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ect(random(width), random(height),
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This last sketch couldn’t be simp
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separate out and invert component c
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Figure 10-39. GRAY Filter sketch Th
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adius is set high, the blurring can
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lend() PImage Method sketch // both
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Figure 10-45. blend() Function with
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The next sketch utilizes some for l
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In the last example, I used Process
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Inheritance In OOP, inheritance des
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AXIS_VERTICAL from outside the Grad
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y axis if(axis == AXIS_VERTICAL){ f
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calculate differences between color
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c7 = color(0); c8 = color(255); r1
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In the “Imaging” section, you d
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12 INTERACTIVITY
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} public void mouseClicked(MouseEve
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void setup(){ size(400, 400); // in
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initialize x, y x = width/2.0; y =
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float friction = .85; float[]jitter
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nodeYPos = append(nodeYPos, mouseY)
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As usual, I declare global variable
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are filled with black. Using the in
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} } } } } // bottom display window
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color btnUpState = color(200, 200,
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float xSpeed = 0; color movingSquar
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xSpeed-=.2; btn1Background = btnDow
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mouse trails if (isTrailable){ fill
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isTrailsSelected, which changes the
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shapes. The following example, in s
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set initial button background color
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also makes the code a little harder
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stroke(200); rect(eraserBtn[0], era
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} sliderValue = (sliderHandle[0]-sl
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if (!isBrushSelected){ if (mouseX>b
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selection can be active at a time.
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ectBackground = color(255, 0, 0); }
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is smaller (vertically) than the en
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keys 2-8 control number of edges fo
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strokeWeight(strokeWt); float angle
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Summary We began this chapter compa
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A PROCESSING LANGUAGE API
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http://processing.org/. My main obj
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its binary equivalent. I used some
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part of the article as well. My sug
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Example 1: A Java approach void set
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The combination of these two struct
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Example 3: Creating a honeycomb gra
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Conditionals Conditionals and the r
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Shape // top and bottom boundaries
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You’ll notice that by default, th
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start dragging if flag true for (in
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pushMatrix(); rotateY(-frameCount*P
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egular polygon size(400, 400); smoo
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texture(images[3]); vertex(w, -h/2,
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lots of arrays float[]x = new float
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Keyboard Figure A-9. Box Springs sk
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entering CMD). When using a command
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hour hand strokeWeight(2); stroke(5
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In the next example, I use beginRec
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Transformations include moving, sca
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float ang; int rows = 20; int cols
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vertex(-w/2 + shiftX, -h/2 + shiftY
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Lights The Lights section includes
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system, you can try lowering the re
Page 754 and 755: ankAngle+=bankSpeed; vert = -600 +z
Page 756 and 757: Setting The Setting section include
Page 758 and 759: ellipseMode(CORNER); fill(200, 200,
Page 760 and 761: of this part of the API. These myst
Page 762 and 763: Image The Image section relates ver
Page 764 and 765: Loading & Displaying The Loading &
Page 766 and 767: these elements is the creation of a
Page 768 and 769: Typography Processing utilizes mult
Page 770 and 771: This will output a list of all the
Page 772 and 773: “Operators” will hopefully soun
Page 774 and 775: The noise() function is an advanced
Page 778 and 779: B MATH REFERENCE
Page 780 and 781: After multiplying, you can reduce t
Page 782 and 783: Here’s an example: When dividing,
Page 784 and 785: Figure B-1. Using a right triangle
Page 786 and 787: Here’s how the process works: pic
Page 788 and 789: In Figure B-5, the point p is at 45
Page 790 and 791: ect (px, py, 5, 5); stroke(100); li
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Page 796 and 797: Here’s the output: c1 in binary =
Page 798 and 799: This sketch outputs the following:
Page 800 and 801: I’m not going to provide examples
Page 802 and 803: simple-looking paint bucket tool in
Page 804: Figure B-7. Color variations filter
Page 809 and 810: INDEX 778 beginShape function, 209
Page 811 and 812: INDEX 780 clipping planes, frustum,
Page 813 and 814: INDEX 782 naming conventions/rules,
Page 815 and 816: INDEX 784 functions, 440 loadPixels
Page 817 and 818: INDEX 786 filter function, 452-459
Page 819 and 820: INDEX 788 minute, 708 modelX/modelY
Page 821 and 822: INDEX 790 H haptics, 108 has-a rela
Page 823 and 824: INDEX 792 MouseListener interface,
Page 825 and 826: INDEX 794 M Mac keyboard shortcuts,
Page 827 and 828: INDEX 796 classes, 304, 321 constan
Page 829 and 830: INDEX 798 coding in 3D, 616 mapping
Page 831 and 832: INDEX 800 procedures see functions
Page 833 and 834: INDEX 802 Hybrid Shape, 366, 368 Hy
Page 835 and 836: INDEX 804 radians, converting betwe
Page 837 and 838: INDEX 806 Nematode sketch, 411, 413
Page 839 and 840: INDEX 808 text Orbiting Text sketch
Page 841: INDEX 810 VERY_HIGH option, encrypt
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