Processing: Creative Coding and Computational Art

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ellipseMode(CORNER); fill(200, 200, 0, 125); stroke(175, 0, 255); ellipse(125, 50, 50, 50); noStroke(); colorMode(RGB, 1.0); fill(0, .85, .2); triangle(25, 175, 75, 175, 50, 125); colorMode(HSB, 100, 10, .1); fill(50, 9, .08); beginShape(); vertex(125, 125); vertex(120, 145); vertex(140, 160); vertex(145, 170); vertex(175, 175); vertex(182, 150); vertex(155, 138); vertex(145, 120); endShape(CLOSE); Figure A-15. Simple Color Example sketch PROCESSING LANGUAGE API 727 A
PROCESSING: CREATIVE CODING AND COMPUTATIONAL ART 728 Creating & Reading As discussed previously, color is specified as three components, for red, green, and blue (RGB). (You can also specify a fourth component, alpha, for controlling transparency.) Most typically on the computer, color is referred to as a hexadecimal value. The hexadecimal system uses 16 as the base, instead of 10, as in the more common decimal system. To account for 16 unique numbers, the letters A, B, C, D, E, and F are used along with the numbers 0 through 9. Also remember that 0 counts as a digit, so F is equal to 15, while B equals 11. Numbers larger than 15 are created by using additional places, just as in the decimal system. However, the values are raised by 16 instead of 10. So, the number FF would be equal to 15 * 16 + 15, which equals 255, and the number AFB would equal (10 * 16 * 16) + (15 * 16) + 11, which equals 2,811. To allow the computer to know that you want it to perform calculations using base 16 instead of base 10, you write 0x before the value. So, AFB would be specified as 0xAFB. Try running this one-line sketch, which should output 2811: println(0xAFB); In Processing, you can also use also the # symbol to specify a color value, as in the following line: color orange = #FF7700; Each color is specified as a six-digit hexadecimal value, where the first two numbers specify the red component, the next two the green, and the final two the blue. For example, the colors red, green, and blue are specified as #FF0000, #00FF00, and #0000FF. Of course, you can any put legal hexadecimal characters (0 through 9 and A through F) in any of the six slots to create up to 16,777,215 different colors. The seven functions red(), brightness(), blue(), saturation(), green(), hue(), and alpha() extract specific values out of a color. For example, if I want the blue component of the color 0xFFE56D, I can use this simple code: color c = 0xFFE56D; print(blue(c)); I can use the exact same structure for most of the functions within this section. Here’s code to extract the saturation of a color: color c = 0xFFE56D; print(saturation(c)); Curiously, if you look at what the API has to say about the red() function, there’s a mysterious blurb in the Description section: “The red() function is easy to use and understand, but is slower than another technique. To achieve the same results when working in colorMode(RGB, 255), but with greater speed, use the >> (right shift) operator with a bit mask” (see http://processing.org/reference/red_.html). Right shift operator, bit mask—what is this stuff? Unfortunately, there’s not much else to go on in the API. It seems there may be some pretty scary stuff lurking beneath the surface
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IrA GreenberG CreATe CoDe ArT, vIsu
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Processing: Creative Coding and Com
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CONTENTS AT A GLANCE Foreword . . .
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CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS viii The joy of math . . .
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CONTENTS x Applying OOP to shape cr
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CONTENTS xii Environment . . . . .
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FOREWORD If you are like me (and th
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR With an eclectic b
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very fortunate
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INTRODUCTION Welcome to Processing:
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INTRODUCTION xxii Intended audience
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INTRODUCTION xxiv Setting up Proces
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INTRODUCTION xxvi Hopefully by now
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INTRODUCTION xxviii Figure 3. Scree
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INTRODUCTION xxx New or changed cod
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1 CODE ART
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The problem with a Photoshop filter
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Figure 1-3. Example of ancient art
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then jump 400 years to 1614 and Joh
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fertile imagination remained intact
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As an aside, it’s worth observing
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John Whitney Sr., 1918-1995 John Wh
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algorithms. To learn more about Coh
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landfill/), and Feed (www.potatolan
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periodicals such as Art Journal, Wi
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And many more . . . While I have in
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2 CREATIVE CODING
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I think what was reinforced for me
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customized commands, and run loops.
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of code that work like processing m
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introduced to become larger, more c
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Without getting too geeky, the main
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A framework is just a concept for b
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algorithm in a math class in high s
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frame. The loop keeps running and k
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the time to play at whatever level
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} pts[counter2].y-yg); xg*=-1; coun
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The overall movement was good, but
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Obviously, there are a lot of thing
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} } // generates organic looking br
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3 CODE GRAMMAR 101
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Your first program In most programm
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message comes up on the bar in the
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Since the getBreed() method would r
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Variables Variables are essential t
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It’s because strict typing helps
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Stage 3 adds the gradient: /* title
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Next, I assign values to some primi
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In the first preceding example, add
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Assignment operators The only other
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* title: Bouncing Ball description:
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Animation is a perfect example of t
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if (hunger= starving) { eatAnything
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Ternary operator The last condition
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The items array has 50 places reser
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println(x); x += 1; } while(x
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Figure 3-4. Continuous radial gradi
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int ballCount = 500; int ballSize =
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Hopefully, you were able to success
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function call above*/ // fill(i*255
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If you run this, you should see a 1
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yspeed*=-1; } } Within the draw() f
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void checkCollisions(int xp, int yp
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createRect(50, 50, 100, 100, 20, 5,
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4 COMPUTER GRAPHICS, THE FUN, EASY
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Some of the reasons coding graphics
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When working in a 3D coordinate sys
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plotted, the vertices are connected
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eally shines. And remember, as you
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need to be stored in memory, and th
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Within each of these application ar
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don’t realize you’re doing it
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Geometry Like algebra, geometry dat
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(second-degree) curve has one turni
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or possibly even a complete crash o
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This linear motion would plot as a
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and began doubling. By step 80, the
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*Simple Repeating Wave Pattern Ira
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float waveGap = 10; float frequency
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a piece of paper and do a little mo
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Interactivity Figure 4-13. Puff Peo
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Events will be covered and implemen
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PROCESSING: CREATIVE CODING AND COM
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6 LINES
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Figure 6-2. Two-point sketch Adding
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Streamlining the sketch with a whil
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type into the sketch. Although the
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Figure 6-7. Randomized particle spr
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Figure 6-9. Multiple randomized par
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Coding a grid To begin, I’ll show
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Notice that you can make the value
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float steps = totalPts+1; int total
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Creating space through fades Your l
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for (int j=0; j
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Figure 6-19. Yin Yang Fade sketch,
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coordinates of the line. For exampl
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Figure 6-24. End cap variation exam
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Figure 6-25. Auto Layout sketch Thi
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int xPadding = 150; int yPadding =
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Figure 6-27. Table Layout II sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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This is the same drawTable() functi
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easy. The benefit of internally rec
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I call my custom function makeRect(
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As you might suspect, anti-aliasing
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call scribble function strokeWeight
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else { } // extra line needed to at
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smooth(); float x = random(width);
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Figure 6-36. Concentric Maze sketch
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void setup(){ //these values can be
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Create a Triangle size(400, 400); b
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Figure 6-39. Create 3 Triangles ske
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Poly Pattern I (table structure) /*
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Poly Pattern II (spiral) /* Poly Pa
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Poly Pattern III (polystar) /* Poly
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Figure 6-46. Poly Pattern III (poly
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7 CURVES
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size(200, 200); background(255); in
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You should notice some familiar str
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int margin = height/15; strokeWeigh
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Figure 7-8. Revealing the points ma
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* Curves II Ira Greenberg, December
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lower particle speed ySpeed[i]*=gra
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Figure 7-11. Curves simulating a fo
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Figure 7-13. Damping effect on curv
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particle style strokeWeight(strokeS
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By using functions to organize a pr
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 7-18. Generating a curve wit
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float x = 0, y = 0; int loopLimit =
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concentric circles size(200, 200);
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Pie charts, although valuable as vi
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curve() and bezier() The next two P
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Next is an interactive example that
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Figure 7-27. Interpolating a Bézie
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ezier(350, 100, 400, 150, 350, 250,
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Figure 7-30. Spline curve using Pro
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curve segments noFill(); // comment
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control handles fill(255); ellipse(
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Figure 7-32. bezier() vs. bezierVer
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curveVertex(92+x, 15); curveVertex(
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strokeWeight(.75); stroke(0); rectM
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Figure 7-35. Bézier Ellipse sketch
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I included one last example (shown
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curveTightness(tightness); beginSha
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Summary Curves, and the math behind
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10 COLOR AND IMAGING
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left squares fill(255, 120, 0); rec
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the color. Up to this point in the
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} radius*=ratio; ratio-=.1; } } els
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Figure 10-4. Alpha sketch In this e
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A quick review of creating transfor
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* Nematode - stage 1 Ira Greenberg,
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Figure 10-8. Nematode sketch (stage
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Figure 10-9. Finished Nematode sket
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the decreasing wavelengths of the i
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values, just to illustrate the poss
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lerpColor() uses the same approach
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I want to mention two final points
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column for (int i=x; i
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needs to be increased, as radius in
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Figure 10-19. Wave Gradient sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 10-23. Load an Image sketch
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The image() function has an extra f
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In the last example, I created an a
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Figure 10-27. Simple Image Encrypti
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Figure 10-28. Pixilate sketch The n
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Figure 10-30. Tint sketch Speeding
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* Tint (using bitwise operations) C
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the book that a primitive type is d
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The mask works like an alpha channe
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ect(random(width), random(height),
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This last sketch couldn’t be simp
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separate out and invert component c
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Figure 10-39. GRAY Filter sketch Th
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adius is set high, the blurring can
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lend() PImage Method sketch // both
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Figure 10-45. blend() Function with
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The next sketch utilizes some for l
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In the last example, I used Process
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Inheritance In OOP, inheritance des
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AXIS_VERTICAL from outside the Grad
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y axis if(axis == AXIS_VERTICAL){ f
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calculate differences between color
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c7 = color(0); c8 = color(255); r1
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In the “Imaging” section, you d
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12 INTERACTIVITY
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} public void mouseClicked(MouseEve
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void setup(){ size(400, 400); // in
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initialize x, y x = width/2.0; y =
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float friction = .85; float[]jitter
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nodeYPos = append(nodeYPos, mouseY)
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As usual, I declare global variable
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are filled with black. Using the in
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} } } } } // bottom display window
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color btnUpState = color(200, 200,
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float xSpeed = 0; color movingSquar
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xSpeed-=.2; btn1Background = btnDow
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mouse trails if (isTrailable){ fill
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isTrailsSelected, which changes the
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shapes. The following example, in s
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set initial button background color
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also makes the code a little harder
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stroke(200); rect(eraserBtn[0], era
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} sliderValue = (sliderHandle[0]-sl
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if (!isBrushSelected){ if (mouseX>b
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selection can be active at a time.
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ectBackground = color(255, 0, 0); }
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is smaller (vertically) than the en
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keys 2-8 control number of edges fo
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strokeWeight(strokeWt); float angle
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Summary We began this chapter compa
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A PROCESSING LANGUAGE API
Page 708 and 709: http://processing.org/. My main obj
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Page 712 and 713: part of the article as well. My sug
Page 714 and 715: Example 1: A Java approach void set
Page 716 and 717: The combination of these two struct
Page 718 and 719: Example 3: Creating a honeycomb gra
Page 720 and 721: Conditionals Conditionals and the r
Page 722 and 723: Shape // top and bottom boundaries
Page 724 and 725: You’ll notice that by default, th
Page 726 and 727: start dragging if flag true for (in
Page 728 and 729: pushMatrix(); rotateY(-frameCount*P
Page 730 and 731: egular polygon size(400, 400); smoo
Page 732 and 733: texture(images[3]); vertex(w, -h/2,
Page 734 and 735: lots of arrays float[]x = new float
Page 736 and 737: Keyboard Figure A-9. Box Springs sk
Page 738 and 739: entering CMD). When using a command
Page 740 and 741: hour hand strokeWeight(2); stroke(5
Page 742 and 743: In the next example, I use beginRec
Page 744 and 745: Transformations include moving, sca
Page 746 and 747: float ang; int rows = 20; int cols
Page 748 and 749: vertex(-w/2 + shiftX, -h/2 + shiftY
Page 750 and 751: Lights The Lights section includes
Page 752 and 753: system, you can try lowering the re
Page 754 and 755: ankAngle+=bankSpeed; vert = -600 +z
Page 756 and 757: Setting The Setting section include
Page 760 and 761: of this part of the API. These myst
Page 762 and 763: Image The Image section relates ver
Page 764 and 765: Loading & Displaying The Loading &
Page 766 and 767: these elements is the creation of a
Page 768 and 769: Typography Processing utilizes mult
Page 770 and 771: This will output a list of all the
Page 772 and 773: “Operators” will hopefully soun
Page 774 and 775: The noise() function is an advanced
Page 778 and 779: B MATH REFERENCE
Page 780 and 781: After multiplying, you can reduce t
Page 782 and 783: Here’s an example: When dividing,
Page 784 and 785: Figure B-1. Using a right triangle
Page 786 and 787: Here’s how the process works: pic
Page 788 and 789: In Figure B-5, the point p is at 45
Page 790 and 791: ect (px, py, 5, 5); stroke(100); li
Page 792 and 793: manipulation is one area in which b
Page 794 and 795: the number, as shown in the followi
Page 796 and 797: Here’s the output: c1 in binary =
Page 798 and 799: This sketch outputs the following:
Page 800 and 801: I’m not going to provide examples
Page 802 and 803: simple-looking paint bucket tool in
Page 804: Figure B-7. Color variations filter
Page 807 and 808: INDEX 776 SYMBOLS AND NUMERICS /* a
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INDEX 778 beginShape function, 209
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INDEX 780 clipping planes, frustum,
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INDEX 782 naming conventions/rules,
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INDEX 784 functions, 440 loadPixels
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INDEX 786 filter function, 452-459
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INDEX 788 minute, 708 modelX/modelY
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INDEX 790 H haptics, 108 has-a rela
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INDEX 792 MouseListener interface,
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INDEX 794 M Mac keyboard shortcuts,
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INDEX 796 classes, 304, 321 constan
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INDEX 798 coding in 3D, 616 mapping
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INDEX 800 procedures see functions
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INDEX 802 Hybrid Shape, 366, 368 Hy
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INDEX 804 radians, converting betwe
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INDEX 806 Nematode sketch, 411, 413
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INDEX 808 text Orbiting Text sketch
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INDEX 810 VERY_HIGH option, encrypt
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