Processing: Creative Coding and Computational Art

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The noise() function is an advanced function based on Perlin noise, developed by Ken Perlin. Ken Perlin is a professor at NYU’s Media Research Laboratory (within the Department of Computer Science) who actually won an academy award for his development of Perlin noise. The problem with using pure random numbers for generating textures, motion, or any type of organic effect is the overly even distribution of the randomness. It’s a paradox, but pure randomness is not quite random enough in a sense. Perlin addressed this issue by creating more harmonically structured and pleasing noise that utilizes controllable, semi-random number generation in combined octaves of varying frequencies, generating noise patterns that have both high and low peaks within the random distribution (it sounds complicated because it is). Perlin’s breakthrough allowed for all kinds of procedural textures and fractal-like structures to be developed, including virtual clouds, oceans, and mountains. There are also two seed functions within the Random section: noiseSeed() and randomSeed()—one for each generator. The seed functions, when passed a constant, allow the generators to produce repeatable random patterns. For example, when you run the following sketch, the first loop utilizes a seed to generate a repeating value, while the second loop generates a random value each iteration of the loop: Constants println("using a seed"); for (int i=0; i
PROCESSING: CREATIVE CODING AND COMPUTATIONAL ART 744 new functionality will be added directly to the core. Instead, Processing’s growth will happen externally, through user-contributed libraries. The most up-to-date information about Processing’s libraries, including their respective APIs, can be found at http://processing. org/reference/libraries/index.html. Information on how to go about creating a library (which requires a working knowledge of Java) can be found in the howto.txt document located in the libraries subdirectory within your Processing application directory. Please note that libraries cannot be created from within Processing itself. Finally, as you progress in coding, there are times you’ll want to refer to the Java API directly, or even take a look under the hood at Processing’s source code. The Java API (Standard Edition, version 1.4.2) can be found at http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/ docs/api/. The Processing source code, as well as information relating to Processing’s overall development, is at http://dev.processing.org.
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IrA GreenberG CreATe CoDe ArT, vIsu
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Processing: Creative Coding and Com
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CONTENTS AT A GLANCE Foreword . . .
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CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS viii The joy of math . . .
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CONTENTS x Applying OOP to shape cr
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CONTENTS xii Environment . . . . .
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FOREWORD If you are like me (and th
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR With an eclectic b
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very fortunate
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INTRODUCTION Welcome to Processing:
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INTRODUCTION xxii Intended audience
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INTRODUCTION xxiv Setting up Proces
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INTRODUCTION xxvi Hopefully by now
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INTRODUCTION xxviii Figure 3. Scree
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INTRODUCTION xxx New or changed cod
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1 CODE ART
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The problem with a Photoshop filter
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Figure 1-3. Example of ancient art
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then jump 400 years to 1614 and Joh
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fertile imagination remained intact
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As an aside, it’s worth observing
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John Whitney Sr., 1918-1995 John Wh
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algorithms. To learn more about Coh
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landfill/), and Feed (www.potatolan
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periodicals such as Art Journal, Wi
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And many more . . . While I have in
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2 CREATIVE CODING
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I think what was reinforced for me
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customized commands, and run loops.
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of code that work like processing m
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introduced to become larger, more c
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Without getting too geeky, the main
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A framework is just a concept for b
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algorithm in a math class in high s
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frame. The loop keeps running and k
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the time to play at whatever level
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} pts[counter2].y-yg); xg*=-1; coun
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The overall movement was good, but
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Obviously, there are a lot of thing
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} } // generates organic looking br
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3 CODE GRAMMAR 101
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Your first program In most programm
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message comes up on the bar in the
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Since the getBreed() method would r
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Variables Variables are essential t
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It’s because strict typing helps
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Stage 3 adds the gradient: /* title
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Next, I assign values to some primi
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In the first preceding example, add
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Assignment operators The only other
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* title: Bouncing Ball description:
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Animation is a perfect example of t
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if (hunger= starving) { eatAnything
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Ternary operator The last condition
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The items array has 50 places reser
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println(x); x += 1; } while(x
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Figure 3-4. Continuous radial gradi
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int ballCount = 500; int ballSize =
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Hopefully, you were able to success
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function call above*/ // fill(i*255
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If you run this, you should see a 1
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yspeed*=-1; } } Within the draw() f
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void checkCollisions(int xp, int yp
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createRect(50, 50, 100, 100, 20, 5,
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4 COMPUTER GRAPHICS, THE FUN, EASY
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Some of the reasons coding graphics
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When working in a 3D coordinate sys
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plotted, the vertices are connected
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eally shines. And remember, as you
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need to be stored in memory, and th
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Within each of these application ar
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don’t realize you’re doing it
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Geometry Like algebra, geometry dat
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(second-degree) curve has one turni
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or possibly even a complete crash o
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This linear motion would plot as a
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and began doubling. By step 80, the
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*Simple Repeating Wave Pattern Ira
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float waveGap = 10; float frequency
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a piece of paper and do a little mo
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Interactivity Figure 4-13. Puff Peo
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Events will be covered and implemen
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PROCESSING: CREATIVE CODING AND COM
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6 LINES
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Figure 6-2. Two-point sketch Adding
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Streamlining the sketch with a whil
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type into the sketch. Although the
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Figure 6-7. Randomized particle spr
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Figure 6-9. Multiple randomized par
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Coding a grid To begin, I’ll show
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Notice that you can make the value
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float steps = totalPts+1; int total
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Creating space through fades Your l
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for (int j=0; j
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Figure 6-19. Yin Yang Fade sketch,
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coordinates of the line. For exampl
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Figure 6-24. End cap variation exam
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Figure 6-25. Auto Layout sketch Thi
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int xPadding = 150; int yPadding =
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Figure 6-27. Table Layout II sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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This is the same drawTable() functi
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easy. The benefit of internally rec
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I call my custom function makeRect(
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As you might suspect, anti-aliasing
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call scribble function strokeWeight
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else { } // extra line needed to at
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smooth(); float x = random(width);
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Figure 6-36. Concentric Maze sketch
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void setup(){ //these values can be
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Create a Triangle size(400, 400); b
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Figure 6-39. Create 3 Triangles ske
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Poly Pattern I (table structure) /*
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Poly Pattern II (spiral) /* Poly Pa
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Poly Pattern III (polystar) /* Poly
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Figure 6-46. Poly Pattern III (poly
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7 CURVES
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size(200, 200); background(255); in
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You should notice some familiar str
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int margin = height/15; strokeWeigh
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Figure 7-8. Revealing the points ma
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* Curves II Ira Greenberg, December
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lower particle speed ySpeed[i]*=gra
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Figure 7-11. Curves simulating a fo
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Figure 7-13. Damping effect on curv
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particle style strokeWeight(strokeS
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By using functions to organize a pr
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 7-18. Generating a curve wit
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float x = 0, y = 0; int loopLimit =
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concentric circles size(200, 200);
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Pie charts, although valuable as vi
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curve() and bezier() The next two P
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Next is an interactive example that
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Figure 7-27. Interpolating a Bézie
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ezier(350, 100, 400, 150, 350, 250,
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Figure 7-30. Spline curve using Pro
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curve segments noFill(); // comment
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control handles fill(255); ellipse(
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Figure 7-32. bezier() vs. bezierVer
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curveVertex(92+x, 15); curveVertex(
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strokeWeight(.75); stroke(0); rectM
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Figure 7-35. Bézier Ellipse sketch
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I included one last example (shown
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curveTightness(tightness); beginSha
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Summary Curves, and the math behind
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10 COLOR AND IMAGING
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left squares fill(255, 120, 0); rec
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the color. Up to this point in the
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} radius*=ratio; ratio-=.1; } } els
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Figure 10-4. Alpha sketch In this e
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A quick review of creating transfor
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* Nematode - stage 1 Ira Greenberg,
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Figure 10-8. Nematode sketch (stage
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Figure 10-9. Finished Nematode sket
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the decreasing wavelengths of the i
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values, just to illustrate the poss
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lerpColor() uses the same approach
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I want to mention two final points
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column for (int i=x; i
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needs to be increased, as radius in
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Figure 10-19. Wave Gradient sketch
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for (int i=0; i
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Figure 10-23. Load an Image sketch
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The image() function has an extra f
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In the last example, I created an a
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Figure 10-27. Simple Image Encrypti
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Figure 10-28. Pixilate sketch The n
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Figure 10-30. Tint sketch Speeding
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* Tint (using bitwise operations) C
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the book that a primitive type is d
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The mask works like an alpha channe
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ect(random(width), random(height),
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This last sketch couldn’t be simp
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separate out and invert component c
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Figure 10-39. GRAY Filter sketch Th
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adius is set high, the blurring can
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lend() PImage Method sketch // both
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Figure 10-45. blend() Function with
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The next sketch utilizes some for l
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In the last example, I used Process
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Inheritance In OOP, inheritance des
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AXIS_VERTICAL from outside the Grad
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y axis if(axis == AXIS_VERTICAL){ f
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calculate differences between color
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c7 = color(0); c8 = color(255); r1
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In the “Imaging” section, you d
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12 INTERACTIVITY
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} public void mouseClicked(MouseEve
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void setup(){ size(400, 400); // in
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initialize x, y x = width/2.0; y =
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float friction = .85; float[]jitter
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nodeYPos = append(nodeYPos, mouseY)
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As usual, I declare global variable
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are filled with black. Using the in
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} } } } } // bottom display window
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color btnUpState = color(200, 200,
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float xSpeed = 0; color movingSquar
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xSpeed-=.2; btn1Background = btnDow
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mouse trails if (isTrailable){ fill
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isTrailsSelected, which changes the
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shapes. The following example, in s
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set initial button background color
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also makes the code a little harder
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stroke(200); rect(eraserBtn[0], era
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} sliderValue = (sliderHandle[0]-sl
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if (!isBrushSelected){ if (mouseX>b
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selection can be active at a time.
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ectBackground = color(255, 0, 0); }
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is smaller (vertically) than the en
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keys 2-8 control number of edges fo
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strokeWeight(strokeWt); float angle
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Summary We began this chapter compa
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A PROCESSING LANGUAGE API
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http://processing.org/. My main obj
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its binary equivalent. I used some
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part of the article as well. My sug
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Example 1: A Java approach void set
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The combination of these two struct
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Example 3: Creating a honeycomb gra
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Conditionals Conditionals and the r
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Shape // top and bottom boundaries
Page 724 and 725: You’ll notice that by default, th
Page 726 and 727: start dragging if flag true for (in
Page 728 and 729: pushMatrix(); rotateY(-frameCount*P
Page 730 and 731: egular polygon size(400, 400); smoo
Page 732 and 733: texture(images[3]); vertex(w, -h/2,
Page 734 and 735: lots of arrays float[]x = new float
Page 736 and 737: Keyboard Figure A-9. Box Springs sk
Page 738 and 739: entering CMD). When using a command
Page 740 and 741: hour hand strokeWeight(2); stroke(5
Page 742 and 743: In the next example, I use beginRec
Page 744 and 745: Transformations include moving, sca
Page 746 and 747: float ang; int rows = 20; int cols
Page 748 and 749: vertex(-w/2 + shiftX, -h/2 + shiftY
Page 750 and 751: Lights The Lights section includes
Page 752 and 753: system, you can try lowering the re
Page 754 and 755: ankAngle+=bankSpeed; vert = -600 +z
Page 756 and 757: Setting The Setting section include
Page 758 and 759: ellipseMode(CORNER); fill(200, 200,
Page 760 and 761: of this part of the API. These myst
Page 762 and 763: Image The Image section relates ver
Page 764 and 765: Loading & Displaying The Loading &
Page 766 and 767: these elements is the creation of a
Page 768 and 769: Typography Processing utilizes mult
Page 770 and 771: This will output a list of all the
Page 772 and 773: “Operators” will hopefully soun
Page 778 and 779: B MATH REFERENCE
Page 780 and 781: After multiplying, you can reduce t
Page 782 and 783: Here’s an example: When dividing,
Page 784 and 785: Figure B-1. Using a right triangle
Page 786 and 787: Here’s how the process works: pic
Page 788 and 789: In Figure B-5, the point p is at 45
Page 790 and 791: ect (px, py, 5, 5); stroke(100); li
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Page 794 and 795: the number, as shown in the followi
Page 796 and 797: Here’s the output: c1 in binary =
Page 798 and 799: This sketch outputs the following:
Page 800 and 801: I’m not going to provide examples
Page 802 and 803: simple-looking paint bucket tool in
Page 804: Figure B-7. Color variations filter
Page 807 and 808: INDEX 776 SYMBOLS AND NUMERICS /* a
Page 809 and 810: INDEX 778 beginShape function, 209
Page 811 and 812: INDEX 780 clipping planes, frustum,
Page 813 and 814: INDEX 782 naming conventions/rules,
Page 815 and 816: INDEX 784 functions, 440 loadPixels
Page 817 and 818: INDEX 786 filter function, 452-459
Page 819 and 820: INDEX 788 minute, 708 modelX/modelY
Page 821 and 822: INDEX 790 H haptics, 108 has-a rela
Page 823 and 824: INDEX 792 MouseListener interface,
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INDEX 794 M Mac keyboard shortcuts,
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INDEX 796 classes, 304, 321 constan
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INDEX 798 coding in 3D, 616 mapping
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INDEX 800 procedures see functions
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INDEX 802 Hybrid Shape, 366, 368 Hy
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INDEX 804 radians, converting betwe
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INDEX 806 Nematode sketch, 411, 413
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INDEX 808 text Orbiting Text sketch
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INDEX 810 VERY_HIGH option, encrypt
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