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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 199
not going south of the Himalayas in India. The North American
species are placed in the genus Putorius by Professor Baird. An
allied genus, Gymnopus (4 species), is confined to the third and
fourth Oriental sub-regions. Gulo (1 species), the glutton, is an
arctic animal keeping to the cold regions of Europe and Asia, and
coming as far south as the great lakes in North America. Galidis
(2 species), the grisons, are confined to the Neotropical region.
The Otters (Lutrinse) range over the whole area occupied by
the family. They have been subdivided into a number of groups,
such as Barangia (1 species), found only in Sumatra ; Lontra,
containing 3 South American species ;
Zutra (7 species), ranging
over the whole of the Palsearctic and Oriental regions ; Nutria
(1 species), a sea-otter confined to the west coast of America
from California to Chiloe; Lutronedes (1 species), from Japan only;
Aonyx (5 species), found in West and South Africa, and the third
and fourth Oriental sub-regions. Hydrogale (1 species), confined
to South Africa; Latax (2 species), Florida and California to
Canada and British Columbia ; Pteronura (1 species), Brazil and
Surinam ; and Enhydris (1 species), the peculiar sea-otter of Cali-
fornia, Kamschatka and Japan. The last two are the only groups
of otters, besides Lutra, admitted by Professor Carus as genera.
The Badgers and allies (Melininse) have also a wide range, but
with one exception are absent from South America. They comprise
the following genera : Ardonyx (1 species), Nepal to Aracan;
Mcles (4 species), North Europe to Japan, and China as far south
as Hongkong (Plate I., vol. i., p. 195) ; Taxidea (2 species), Central
. and Western North America to 58° N. Lat. ; Mydaus (1 species),
mountains of Java and Sumatra; Melivora (3 species). Tropical and
South Africa and India to foot of Himalayas; Mephitis (12 species),
America from Canada and British Columbia to the Straits of Ma-
gellan (Plate XX., vol. ii., p. 136). Idonyx (2 species), Tropical
Africa to the Cape ;
and Shanghai (Plate VII., vol. i. p. 331).
Helidis (4 species), Nepal to Java, Formosa
Fossil 3fustelidce.— Species of otter, weasel, badger, and glutton,
occur in European bone caves and other Post-tertiary deposits
and in North America Galidis, now found only in the Neotro-
pical region, and, with Mephitis, occurring in Brazilian caves.
Vol. II.—14
;