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338 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv.
Europe and extended westward to the shores of the Atlantic,
while some even reached Ireland and the Faeroes. (Plate III.
Vol. I. p. 226.)
Family 87.—TETEAONID^. (29 Genera, 170 Species.)
Neotroptcal
Sub-regions.
Nearctic
Sob-regions.
General Distribution.
Pal^arctic I
Ethiopian
SuB-UEGiONS. Sub-regions.
Oriental
Sub-regions.
Australian
Sub-regions.
-2.3.4- 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.4 1.2. 3. 4-1. 2. 3. 4 1.2 -4
The Tetraonidse, including the Grouse, Partridges, Quails, and
allied forms, abound in all parts of the Eastern continents ; they
are less plentiful in North America and comparatively scarce in
South America, more than half the Neotropical species being
found north of Panama ; and in the Australian region there are
only a few of smaU size. The Ethiopian region probably contains
most species ; next comes the Oriental—India proper from the
Himalayas to Ceylon having twenty ; while the Australian region,
with 15 species, is the poorest. These facts render it probable
that the Tetraonidffi are essentially denizens of the great northern
continents, and that their entrance into South America, Aus-
tralia, and even South Africa, is, comparatively speaking, recent.
They have developed into forms equally suited to the tropical
plains and the arctic regions, some of them being among the few
denizens of the extreme north, as well as of the highest alpine
snows. The genera are somewhat unsettled, and there is even
some uncertainty as to the limits between this family and the
next ; but the following are those now generally admitted :
PHlopachus (1 sp.). West Africa ; Francolinus (34 sp.), all
Africa, South Europe, India to Ceylon, and South China ;
ffornis (3 sp.), Himalayas to Ceylon, Sumatra, and Borneo :
—
Orty-
Peli-
perdix (1 sp.). West Africa ; Perdix (3 sp.), the whole Continen-
tal Pal£earctic region ; Margaropcrdix (1 sp.), Madagascar ; Oreo-
perdix (1 sp.), Formosa ; Arhorophila (8 sp.), the Oriental Con-
tinent and the Philippines ; Pcloperdix (4 sp.), Tenasserim and
Malaya; Coturnix (21 sp.), Temperate Paltearctic, Ethiopian and