PDF - Wallace Online

More documents

Recommendations

Info

226 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv. In the caves of Brazil remains of two animals said to be antelopes, have been discovered. They are classed by Gervais in the genera Antilope and Lcptotlicrium, but the presence of true antelopes in S. America at this period is so improbable, that there is probably some error of identification. The extinct family Sivatheridoe, containing the extraordinary and gigantic four-horned Sivatheriuvi and Bramatherium, of the Siwalik deposits, are most nearly allied to the antelopes. From the preceding facts we may conclude, that the great existing development of the Bovidse is comparatively recent. The type may have originated early in the Miocene period, the oxen being at first most tropical, while the antelopes inhabited the desert zone a little further north. The sheep and goats seem to be the most recent development of the bovine type, which was probably long confined to the Eastern Hemisphere. General Remarks on the Distribution of the Ungulata. With the exception of the Australian region, from which this order of mammalia is almost entirely wanting, the Ungulata are almost universally distributed over the continental parts of all the other regions. Of the ten families, 7 are Ethiopian, 6 Oriental, 5 Palfearctic, 4 Neotropical, and 3 Nearctic. The Ethiopian region owes its superiority to the exclusive possession of the hippopotamus and giraffe, both of which inhabited the Palsearctic and Oriental regions in Miocene times. The excessive poverty of the Nearctic region in this order is remarkable ; the swine being represented only by Dicotylcs in its extreme southern portion, while the Bovidse are restricted to four isolated species. Deer alone are fairly well represented. But, during the Eocene and Miocene periods, North America was wonderfully rich in varied forms of Ungulates, of which there were at least 8 or 9 families while we have reason to believe that during the same periods the Ethiopian region was excessively poor, and that it probably re- ceived the ancestors of all its existing families from Eurojie or Western Asia in later Miocene or Pliocene times. Many types that once abounded in both Europe and North America are now pre- served only in South America and Central or Tropical Asia,—as ;
CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 227 the tapirs and camels ; while others once confined to Europe and Asia have found a refuge in Africa,—as the hippopotamus and giraffe ; so that in no other order do we find such striking ex- amples of those radical changes in the distribution of the higher animals which were effected during the latter part of the Tertiary period. The present distribution of this order is, in fact, utterly unintelligible without reference to the numerous extinct forms of existing and allied families ; but as this subject has been suffi- ciently discussed in the Second Part of this work (Chapters VI. and VII.) it is unnecessary to give further details here. Order VIII.—PROBOSCIDEA. Family 53.—ELEPHANTID.E. (1 Genus, 2 Species.)
Page 1 and 2:
Wimmm WMMM: mm^. 'Mmm:^ m wmmWmmH^^
Page 8 and 9:
THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AN
Page 10 and 11:
?e\Tc£ coWcc^iOr^ l^^? Access. ncx
Page 12 and 13:
CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. CHAP
Page 14 and 15:
CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. CHAP
Page 17:
THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AN
Page 21 and 22:
CHAPTER XIV. THE NEOTROPICAL EEGION
Page 23 and 24:
CHAP, XIV.] THE NEOTROPICAL REGION.
Page 25 and 26:
CHAP. XIV.] THE NEOTROPICAL REGION.
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
CHAP. XIV.] THE NEOTROPICAL EEQION.
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
CHAP. XIV.] THE NEOTROPICAL EEGION.
Page 41 and 42:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
CHAP, xiv.l THE NEOTROPICAL REGION.
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63:
PLATE XVI. THE CHILIAN ANDES, WITH
Page 66 and 67:
42 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [pabtiii.
Page 68 and 69:
44 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [part hi.
Page 70 and 71:
46 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part in.
Page 72 and 73:
48 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi.
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
60 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGKAPHY. [part hi.
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90:
66 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part m. d
Page 93 and 94:
CHAP. XIV.] THE NEOTKOPICAL REGION.
Page 95 and 96:
CHAP. XIV.J THE NEOTEOPICAL REGION.
Page 97 and 98:
k CHAP. XIV.] THE NEOTROPICAL REGIO
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
OHAP, XIV.] THE NEOTROPICAL REGION.
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
CHAP. XIV,] THE NEOTKOPICAL REGION.
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
CHAP. XIV.J THE NEOTROPICAL REGION.
Page 121 and 122:
CHAP. XIV.J THE NEOTROPICAL REGION.
Page 123 and 124:
CHAP. XIV. THE NEOTROPICAL REGION.
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
CHAP. XIV.J
Page 139 and 140:
CHAP. XIV.] THE NEOTEOPICAL REGION.
Page 142 and 143:
NE ARC TIC REGION Scale 1 inch -1,0
Page 144 and 145:
— 116 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part
Page 146 and 147:
ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part III. ma
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
122 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. ' [part h
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 159 and 160:
CHAF. XV.] THE NEARCTIC REGION. 129
Page 163 and 164:
CHAP. XV.] THE NEARCTIC REGION. 131
Page 165 and 166:
CHAP. XV.] THE NEARCTIC REGION. 133
Page 167 and 168:
CHAK xv.J THE NEARCTIC EEGION. •
Page 169:
PLATE XX. A CANADIAN FOREST, WITH C
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
140 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part III
Page 176 and 177:
142 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY, [part III
Page 178 and 179:
144 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part, hi
Page 180 and 181:
14G ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. fPART III
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
150 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [part III
Page 186 and 187:
152 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part III
Page 188 and 189:
CHAPTEE XVI. SUMMARY OF THE PAST CH
Page 190 and 191:
156 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [paht hi.
Page 192 and 193:
158 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGKAPHY. [part iil
Page 194 and 195:
IGO ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi.
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
164 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part ji
Page 201 and 202:
INTRODUCTION. In the preceding part
Page 203 and 204:
I INTRODUC] INTRODUCTION. 169 than
Page 205 and 206:
CHAP, XVII.] MAMMALIA. 171 We have
Page 207 and 208:
CHAP, xvii.] MAMMALIA. 173 are Myio
Page 209 and 210: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. I75 complete
Page 211 and 212: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 177 Suh-fami
Page 213 and 214: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA- 179 discover
Page 215 and 216: CHAP, XVII.] MAMMALIA. 181 Neotropi
Page 217 and 218: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 183 volume w
Page 219 and 220: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 185 Molossi
Page 221 and 222: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 187 single o
Page 223 and 224: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. \m being now
Page 225 and 226: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 191 and Oste
Page 227 and 228: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 193 of Madag
Page 229 and 230: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 195 Genetta
Page 231 and 232: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 197 Ictither
Page 233 and 234: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 199 not goin
Page 235 and 236: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 201 from Cob
Page 237 and 238: CHAP. XVII,] MAMMALIA. 203 Southern
Page 239 and 240: cfiAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 205" Americ
Page 241 and 242: CHAP, xvii.] MAMMALIA. 207 Order V.
Page 243 and 244: CHAP. XVII. MAMMALIA. 209 in both j
Page 245 and 246: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 211 Maryland
Page 247 and 248: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 213 Europe a
Page 249 and 250: CHAP, xvii.] MAMMALIA. 215 peccarie
Page 251 and 252: CHAP. XVII. J MAMMALIA. 217 of the
Page 253 and 254: CHAP, xvii.j MAMMALIA. 219 regions
Page 255 and 256: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 221 Family 5
Page 257 and 258: CHAP. XVII.] Mammalia. 223 a very p
Page 259: CHAP, XVII.] MAMMALIA. 225 The genu
Page 263 and 264: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMxVLIA. 229 last Ca
Page 265 and 266: \ CHAP. XVII.j MAMMALIA. 231 an ext
Page 269 and 270: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 235 Sciurus
Page 273 and 274: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 239 of Panam
Page 275 and 276: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 241 been fou
Page 277 and 278: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 243 and Guat
Page 279 and 280: — CHAP, XVll,] MAMMALIA. 245 Exii
Page 281 and 282: CHAP. XV1I."| MAMMALIA. 247 Family
Page 283 and 284: CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 249 rat-like
Page 285 and 286: I CHAP. XVII,] MAMMALIA. 251 The we
Page 287 and 288: CHAP, XVIl.l MAMMALIA, 253 The Womb
Page 289 and 290: CHAPTEE XVIII. THE DISTRIBUTION OF
Page 291 and 292: CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 257 This immen
Page 293 and 294: CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 259 4. Sylviin
Page 295 and 296: CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 261 Australia
Page 297 and 298: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. The Cinclidae
Page 299 and 300: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 265 Europe to
Page 301 and 302: CHAP. XVIIl.] BIRDS. 267 The Phyllo
Page 303 and 304: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 2G9 Hebrides,
Page 305 and 306: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 271 Malaya (ex
Page 307 and 308: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 273 The Corvid
Page 309 and 310: CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 275 Islands ;
Page 311 and 312:
CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 277 Sula Islan
Page 313 and 314:
CHAP. XVllI.] BIRDS. 279 They range
Page 315 and 316:
: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 281 The Hiru
Page 317 and 318:
CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 283 peculiar t
Page 319 and 320:
CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 286 (13 sp.),
Page 321 and 322:
CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 287 16911695 1
Page 323 and 324:
CHAP. XVIII,] BIRDS. 289 Family 37.
Page 325 and 326:
CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 291 Juan Ferna
Page 327 and 328:
oaAP. xviii.] BIRDS. 293 Family 41
Page 329 and 330:
CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 295 the road t
Page 331 and 332:
CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 297 Sub-family
Page 333 and 334:
CHAP. XVIII.l BIRDS. 299 Neotropica
Page 335 and 336:
CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 301 3, the Ori
Page 337 and 338:
CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 303 its extrem
Page 339 and 340:
CHAP. XVIII,] BIRDS. 305 Family 54.
Page 341 and 342:
CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 307 Andigena,
Page 343 and 344:
CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 309 being to M
Page 345 and 346:
CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 311 to Bolivia
Page 347 and 348:
CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 313 Family 64.
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 317 considered
Page 353 and 354:
CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. ai9 Family 72.
Page 355 and 356:
CHAP. XVllI.] BIRDS. 821 Family 75.
Page 357 and 358:
CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 323 while no l
Page 359 and 360:
CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 325 the Philip
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
CHAP. XVIII.J BIRDS. 329 Family 82.
Page 365:
CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 331 African Ps
Page 368 and 369:
334 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv.
Page 370 and 371:
336 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part it-
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
342 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV-
Page 378 and 379:
344 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [fart iv.
Page 380 and 381:
346 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV.
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
'366 GEOGJRAPHICAL ZOOLOaY. [part I
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
CHAPTER XIX. THE DISTRIBUTION OF TH
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Page 420 and 421:
386 GEOGEAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv.
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
398 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV,
Page 434 and 435:
400 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [pakt iv.
Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
Page 440 and 441:
Page 442 and 443:
, regions 408 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY.
Page 444 and 445:
Page 446 and 447:
412 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [PAET IV.
Page 448 and 449:
Page 450 and 451:
41G GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV,
Page 452 and 453:
418 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV
Page 454 and 455:
Page 456 and 457:
Page 458 and 459:
CHAPTER XX. THE DISTEIBUTION OF THE
Page 460 and 461:
42G GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv.
Page 462 and 463:
Page 464 and 465:
Page 466 and 467:
Page 468 and 469:
Page 470 and 471:
Page 472 and 473:
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
Page 478 and 479:
Page 480 and 481:
Page 482 and 483:
Page 484 and 485:
Page 486 and 487:
Page 488 and 489:
454 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv
Page 490 and 491:
456 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [i-abt iv
Page 492 and 493:
Page 494 and 495:
Page 496 and 497:
Page 498 and 499:
464 GEOGKAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv.
Page 500 and 501:
Page 502 and 503:
CHAPTER XXL THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOM
Page 504 and 505:
Page 506 and 507:
472 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [PAET IV,
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
476 GEOGKAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV.
Page 512 and 513:
478 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV,
Page 514 and 515:
Page 516 and 517:
Page 518 and 519:
Page 520 and 521:
486 GEOGKAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv.
Page 522 and 523:
Page 524 and 525:
— — 490 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [
Page 526 and 527:
Page 528 and 529:
Page 530 and 531:
Page 532 and 533:
Page 534 and 535:
Page 536 and 537:
Page 538 and 539:
CHAPTEE XXII. .\N OUTLINE OF THE GE
Page 540 and 541:
Page 542 and 543:
508 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [iaut iv.
Page 544 and 545:
Page 546 and 547:
il2 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv.
Page 548 and 549:
514 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part it.
Page 550 and 551:
Page 552 and 553:
Page 554 and 555:
Page 556 and 557:
522 GEOGEAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV.
Page 558 and 559:
Page 560 and 561:
Page 562 and 563:
528 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. . to the
Page 564 and 565:
Page 566 and 567:
Page 568 and 569:
Page 570 and 571:
Page 572 and 573:
538 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [I'ART IV
Page 574 and 575:
CHAPTER XXIII. SUMMARY OF THE DISTR
Page 576 and 577:
Page 578 and 579:
GU GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. ' [part iv
Page 580 and 581:
Page 582 and 583:
Page 584 and 585:
Page 586 and 587:
Page 589:
GENERAL INDEX.
Page 592 and 593:
558 GENERAL INDEX. Acrcea. ii. 473
Page 594 and 595:
560 GENERAL INDEX. Anoskmius, ii. 4
Page 596 and 597:
562 GENERAL INDEX. Baryphthengus, i
Page 598 and 599:
564 GENERAL INDEX. Bvphaga, ii. 288
Page 600 and 601:
566 GENERAL INDEX Cave-fauna of Bra
Page 602 and 603:
568 GENERAL INDEX; CHONDROSTEI, ii.
Page 604 and 605:
670 GENERAL INDEX. Crypsirhina, ii.
Page 606 and 607:
572 Dipsadohoa, ii. 379 Dipsas, ii.
Page 608 and 609:
m GENERAL INDEX. Ereptodon, N. Amen
Page 610 and 611:
576" GENERAL INDEX, Fishes, remarks
Page 612 and 613:
570 Giinther, Dr., on range of Indi
Page 614 and 615:
580 Hortulia, ii. 381 GENERAL INDEX
Page 616 and 617:
582 GENERAL INDEX. Islands, Fiji, T
Page 618 and 619:
384 GENERAL INDEX. Leucocyon, ii. 1
Page 620 and 621:
586 Mammalia, of Madagascar, i. 272
Page 622 and 623:
Migration of animals, general remar
Page 624 and 625:
590 Neotropical region, fresh-water
Page 626 and 627:
592 GENERAL INDEX. Otaria, European
Page 628 and 629:
594 GENERAL INDEX. Persia, birds of
Page 630 and 631:
596 Pogonostoma, ii. 487 Pogonotric
Page 632 and 633:
598 GENERAL INDEX. PYRAMIDELLIDiE,
Page 634 and 635:
600 GENERAL INDEX. Salvin, Mr. , on
Page 636 and 637:
602 GENERAL INDEX. Spelerpes, ii. 4
Page 638 and 639:
604 GENERAL INDEX. Testudo, great a
Page 640 and 641:
606 Ungvlata, Indian Miocene, i. 12
Page 643 and 644:
WALLACE'S MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. THE MA
Page 649:
BOSTON UNIVERSITY 1 17n Dllbb 1032
show all

PDF - Wallace Online

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?