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CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 291
Juan Fernandez. As the genera are all enumerated in the table,
at p. 101 of this volume, I shall here confine myself to the dis-
tribution of the sub-families, only referring to such genera as are
of special geographical interest.
Sub-family I. Conophagin^ (2 genera, 13 species). Confined
to tropical South America, from Brazil and Bolivia to Guiana
and Columbia.
Sub-family II. T^niopterin^ (19 genera, 76 species). This
group ranges from Patagonia and the Falkland Islands to the
northern United States ;
yet it is almost wholly South American,
only 2 genera and 4 species passing north of Panama, and none
inhabiting the West Indian islands. Sayornis has 3 species in
North America, while Tcenioptera, Gnipolegus, Muscisaxicola, and
Centrites, range south to Patagonia.
Sub-family III. Platyehynichin^ (16 genera, 60 species). This
sub-family is wholly Neotropical and mostly South American,
only 7 of the genera passing Panama and but 3 reaching Mexico,
while there are none in the West Indian islands. Only 3 genera
extend south to the temperate sub-region, and one of these,
Anccretes, has a species in Juan Fernandez.
Sub-family IV. Elainein^ (17 genera, 91 species). This sub-
family is more exclusively tropical, only two genera extending
south as far as Chili and La Plata, while none enter the Nearctic
region. No less than 10 of the genera pass north of Panama,
and one of these, Elainea, which ranges from Chili to Costa Pica
has several species in the West Indian islands. About one
fourth of the species of this sub-family are found north of
Panama.
Sub-family V. Tyeannin^ (17 genera, 89 species). This sub-
family is that which is best represented in the Nearctic region,
where 6 genera and 24 species occur. Milvulus reaches Texas ;
Tyrannus and Myiarchus range over all the United States
Empidias^ the Eastern States and California ; Contopus extends
to Canada ; Empidonax ranges all over North America ; and
Pyrocephalus reaches the Gila Valley as well as the Galapagos
Islands. No less than 5 genera of this sub-family occur in the
West Indian islands.
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