PDF - Wallace Online

474 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv.
Tortoise-shell, Peacock, Painted Lady, and Purple Emperor
butterflies. They are found wherever butterfly-life can exist,
and some single species—like the Painted Lady {Pyrameis
cardui)—range almost over the globe. A few of the more
extensive and remarkable genera only, can be here noticed :
Colcenis, Agraulis, JEresia, Synchloe, Epicalia, Eunica, Eubagis,
Catagramma, Callithea, Ageronia, Timetes, Hetcrochroa, Prepona,
Hypna, Paphia, and Siderone, are wholly Neotropical, as well
as many others which have a smaller number of species.
Euryphene, Bomaleosoma, Aterica, and Harma, are exclusively
Ethiopian. Terinos, Athyma, Adolias, and Tancecia, are Oriental,
but they mostly extend into the Moluccan region; the last
however is strictly Malayan, and Adolias only reaches Celebes.
Mynes alone, is exclusively Australian, but ProtJwe is almost so,
having only one outlying species in Java. Eurytela and Ergo-
lis are confined to the Oriental and Ethiopian regions, but the
latter reaches the Moluccas. Cethosia, Cirrhochroa, Messaras, and
Symphcedra, are both Oriental and Australian ; while Junonia,
Cyrestis, Diadema, Neptis, and NympTiali-s, are common to the
three tropical regions of the Eastern Hemisph ere, the latter ex-
tending into the Mediterranean district, while Junonia occurs
also in South America and the Southern United States.
The most cosmopolitan genus is Pyrameis, which has repre-
sentatives in every region and every district. Apatura is found
in all but the Ethiopian and the Australian, although it just
enters the confines of the latter region in Celebes ; Limenitis
is abundant in the Oriental region, but extends eastward to
Celebes and westward into Europe, North America, and even
into South America. Argynnis, Mditma, and Vanessa, are almost
confined to the Palsearctic and Nearctic regions ; the former
however occurs in the Himalayas and in the mountains of Java,
and also in Chili and in Jamaica. Two genera
—
—
Dicrorrhagia
and Helcyra—have both one species in North India and another
in the island of Ceram. The number of genera peculiar to each
region is as follows :—Neotropical, 50 ; Australian, 2 ; Oriental
] 5 ; Ethiopian, 14 ; Palsearctic, 1 ; Nearctic, 0.