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40 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY, [iart hi.
In the above list the species marked * extend to Tierra del
Fuego. It is a remarkable fact that so many of the species
belong to genera which are wholly Neotropical, and that the
specially South American families of Icteridas, Tyrannidse, Den-
drocolaptidae, Pteroptochidse, Trochilidse, and Conuridse, should
supply more than one-third of the species ; while the purely
South American genus Phrygilus, should be represented by four
species, three of which abound in Tierra del Fuego.
Plate XVI. A Scene in the Andes of Chili, with characteristic
Animals.—The fauna of South Temperate America being most
fully developed in Chili, we place the scene of our illustration
in that country. In the foreground we have a pair of the
beautiful little chinchillas {Chinchilla lanigcra), belonging to a
family of animals peculiar to the sub-region. There are only
two species of this group, both confined to the higher Andes, at
about 8000 feet elevation. Coming round a projecting ridge of
the mountain, are a herd of vicunas (Auchenia vicugna), one of
that peculiar form of the camel tribe found in South America and
confined to its temperate and alpine regions. The upper bird is
a plant-cutter (Phytotonia rara), of sober plumage but allied to
the beautifid chatterers, though forming a separate family. Below,
standing on a rock, is a plover-like bird, the Thinocorus orhi-
gnianus, which is considered to belong to a separate family,
though allied to the plovers and sheath-bills. Its habits are,
however, more those of the quails or partridges, living inland in
dry and desert places, and feeding on plants, roots,, and insects.
Above is a condor, the most characteristic bird of the high
Andes.
Reptiles and Amphibia.—These groups show, for the most part,
similar modifications of American and Neotropical forms, as those
we have seen to prevail among the birds. Snakes do not seem
to go very far south, but several South American genera of Colu-
bridae and Dendrophidse occur in Chili ; while Enophrys is pecu-
liar to La Plata, and Callorhinus to Patagonia, both belonging
to the Colubridae. The Elapidoe do not extend into the tem-
perate zone; but Craspedbcephalus, one of the Crotalidse, occurs
at Bahia Blanca in Patagonia (Lat. 40° S.)