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202 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV.
all the Nearctic and Palsearctic regions as far as the Atlas Moun-
tains, the Indo-Chinese sub-region in the mountains, and to
Hainan and Formosa ; Helarctos, the Malay or sun-bear (1
species) confined to the Indo-Malayan sub-region ; Melursus or
Prochilus, the honey-bear (1 species), confined to the first and
second Oriental sub-regions, over which it ranges from the
Ganges to Ceylon ; and Tremardos, the spectacled bear—commonly
known as Ursus ornatus—which is isolated in the Andes
of Peru and Chili, and forms a distinct group.
Fossil Ursidce.—Two bears {Ursus spelceus and U. jpriscus)
closely allied to living species, abound in the Post-tertiary de-
posits of Europe ; and others of the same age are found in "North
America, as well as an extinct genus, Ardodus.
Ursus arvernensis is found in the Pliocene formation of Prance,
and the extinct genus Leptarchus in that of North America.
Several species of Amphicyon, which appears to be an ances-
tral form of this family, are found in the Miocene deposits of
Europe and N. India ; while Ursus also occurs in the Siwalik
Hills and Nerbudda deposits.
Neotropical
Sub-regions.
Family 33.—OTAPJID^. (4 Genera, 8 Species.)
n earctic
Sdb-kegions.
General Distribution.
Pal^arctic
Sub-regions.
Ethiopian
Sub-regions.
Oriental
Sub-regions.
Australian
Sub-regions.
2.3
The Otariidse, or Eared Seals, comprehending the sea-bears and
sea-lions, are confined to the temperate and cold shores of the
iSTorth Pacific, and to similar climates in the Southern Hemisphere,
where the larger proportion of tlie species are found. They are
entirely absent from the North Atlantic shores. Mr. J. A. Allen,
in his recent discussion of this family (Bull. Harvard Museum)
divides them into the following genera :
Otdria (1 species). Temperate South America, from Chili to
La Plata; Callorhinus (1 species), Behring's Straits and Kams-
chatka ; Ardocephalus (3 species), temperate regions of the
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