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334 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv. The Diduncidus digirostris, a hook-billed ground-pio-eon, found only in the Samoa Islands, is so peculiar in its structure that it is considered to form a distinct family. Neotropical Sdb-regions. Family 85 —DIDID^.—(2 Genera, 3 Species.) General Distribution.
CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 335 Zealand, Tristan d'Aciinha, and other oceanic islands ; and the phenomenon is clearly dependent on the long-continued absence of enemies, which allowed of great increase of bulk and the total loss of the power of flight, without injury. In some few cases (the Ostrich for example) birds incapable of flight co-exist with large carnivorous mammalia ; but these birds are large and powerful, as well as very swift, and are thus able to escape from some enemies and defend themselves against others. The entire absence of the smaller and more defenceless ground-birds from the adjacent island of Madagascar, is quite in accordance with this view, because that island has several small but destructive carnivorous animals. General Remarks on the Distribution of the Columhce. The striking preponderance of Pigeons, both as to genera and species, in the Australian region, v/ould seem to indicate that at some former period it possessed a more extensive land area in which this form of bird-life took its rise. But there are other considerations which throw doubt upon this view. The western half of the Malay Archipelago, belonging to the Oriental region, is also rich in pigeons, since it has 43 species belonging to 11 crenera, rather more than are found in all the rest of the Oriental region. Again, we find that the Mascarene Islands and the An- tilles both possess more pigeons than we should expect, in pro- portion to those of the regions to which they belong, and to their total amount of bird-life. This looks as if islands were more favourable to pigeon-development than continents ; and if we group together the Pacific and the Malayan Islands, the Mascarene group and the Antilles, we find that they contain together about 170 species of pigeons belonging to 24 out of the 47 genera here adopted ; while all the great continents united only produce about the same number of species belonging (if we omit those peculiar to Australia) to only 20 genera. The great development of the group in the Australian region may, therefore, be due to its consisting mainly of islands, and not to the order having originated there, and thus having had a longer period in which to develop. I have elsewhere suggested (Ibis 1865, p. 366)
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THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AN
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?e\Tc£ coWcc^iOr^ l^^? Access. ncx
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CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. CHAP
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CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. CHAP
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THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AN
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CHAPTER XIV. THE NEOTROPICAL EEGION
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CHAP, XIV.] THE NEOTROPICAL REGION.
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CHAP. XIV.] THE NEOTROPICAL REGION.
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CHAP. XIV.] THE NEOTROPICAL EEQION.
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CHAP. XIV.] THE NEOTROPICAL EEGION.
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CHAP, xiv.l THE NEOTROPICAL REGION.
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PLATE XVI. THE CHILIAN ANDES, WITH
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42 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [pabtiii.
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44 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [part hi.
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46 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part in.
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48 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi.
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60 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGKAPHY. [part hi.
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66 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part m. d
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CHAP. XIV.] THE NEOTKOPICAL REGION.
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CHAP. XIV.J THE NEOTEOPICAL REGION.
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k CHAP. XIV.] THE NEOTROPICAL REGIO
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OHAP, XIV.] THE NEOTROPICAL REGION.
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CHAP. XIV,] THE NEOTKOPICAL REGION.
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CHAP. XIV.J THE NEOTROPICAL REGION.
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CHAP. XIV.J THE NEOTROPICAL REGION.
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CHAP. XIV. THE NEOTROPICAL REGION.
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CHAP. XIV.J
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CHAP. XIV.] THE NEOTEOPICAL REGION.
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NE ARC TIC REGION Scale 1 inch -1,0
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— 116 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part
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ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part III. ma
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122 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. ' [part h
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CHAF. XV.] THE NEARCTIC REGION. 129
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CHAP. XV.] THE NEARCTIC REGION. 131
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CHAP. XV.] THE NEARCTIC REGION. 133
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CHAK xv.J THE NEARCTIC EEGION. •
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PLATE XX. A CANADIAN FOREST, WITH C
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140 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part III
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142 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY, [part III
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144 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part, hi
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14G ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. fPART III
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150 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [part III
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152 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part III
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CHAPTEE XVI. SUMMARY OF THE PAST CH
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156 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [paht hi.
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158 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGKAPHY. [part iil
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IGO ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi.
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164 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part ji
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INTRODUCTION. In the preceding part
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I INTRODUC] INTRODUCTION. 169 than
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CHAP, XVII.] MAMMALIA. 171 We have
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CHAP, xvii.] MAMMALIA. 173 are Myio
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. I75 complete
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 177 Suh-fami
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA- 179 discover
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CHAP, XVII.] MAMMALIA. 181 Neotropi
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 183 volume w
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 185 Molossi
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 187 single o
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. \m being now
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 191 and Oste
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 193 of Madag
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 195 Genetta
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 197 Ictither
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 199 not goin
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 201 from Cob
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CHAP. XVII,] MAMMALIA. 203 Southern
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cfiAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 205" Americ
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CHAP, xvii.] MAMMALIA. 207 Order V.
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CHAP. XVII. MAMMALIA. 209 in both j
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 211 Maryland
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 213 Europe a
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CHAP, xvii.] MAMMALIA. 215 peccarie
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CHAP. XVII. J MAMMALIA. 217 of the
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CHAP, xvii.j MAMMALIA. 219 regions
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 221 Family 5
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CHAP. XVII.] Mammalia. 223 a very p
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CHAP, XVII.] MAMMALIA. 225 The genu
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 227 the tapi
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMxVLIA. 229 last Ca
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\ CHAP. XVII.j MAMMALIA. 231 an ext
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 235 Sciurus
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 239 of Panam
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 241 been fou
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 243 and Guat
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— CHAP, XVll,] MAMMALIA. 245 Exii
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CHAP. XV1I."| MAMMALIA. 247 Family
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CHAP. XVII.] MAMMALIA. 249 rat-like
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I CHAP. XVII,] MAMMALIA. 251 The we
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CHAP, XVIl.l MAMMALIA, 253 The Womb
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CHAPTEE XVIII. THE DISTRIBUTION OF
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CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 257 This immen
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CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 259 4. Sylviin
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CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 261 Australia
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CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. The Cinclidae
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CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 265 Europe to
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CHAP. XVIIl.] BIRDS. 267 The Phyllo
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CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 2G9 Hebrides,
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CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 271 Malaya (ex
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CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 273 The Corvid
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CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 275 Islands ;
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CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 277 Sula Islan
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CHAP. XVllI.] BIRDS. 279 They range
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: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 281 The Hiru
Page 317 and 318: CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 283 peculiar t
Page 319 and 320: CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 286 (13 sp.),
Page 321 and 322: CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 287 16911695 1
Page 323 and 324: CHAP. XVIII,] BIRDS. 289 Family 37.
Page 325 and 326: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 291 Juan Ferna
Page 327 and 328: oaAP. xviii.] BIRDS. 293 Family 41
Page 329 and 330: CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 295 the road t
Page 331 and 332: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 297 Sub-family
Page 333 and 334: CHAP. XVIII.l BIRDS. 299 Neotropica
Page 335 and 336: CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 301 3, the Ori
Page 337 and 338: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 303 its extrem
Page 339 and 340: CHAP. XVIII,] BIRDS. 305 Family 54.
Page 341 and 342: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 307 Andigena,
Page 343 and 344: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 309 being to M
Page 345 and 346: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 311 to Bolivia
Page 347 and 348: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 313 Family 64.
Page 351 and 352: CHAP, xviii.] BIRDS. 317 considered
Page 353 and 354: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. ai9 Family 72.
Page 355 and 356: CHAP. XVllI.] BIRDS. 821 Family 75.
Page 357 and 358: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 323 while no l
Page 359 and 360: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 325 the Philip
Page 363 and 364: CHAP. XVIII.J BIRDS. 329 Family 82.
Page 365: CHAP. XVIII.] BIRDS. 331 African Ps
Page 370 and 371: 336 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part it-
Page 372 and 373: 338 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv.
Page 376 and 377: 342 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV-
Page 378 and 379: 344 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [fart iv.
Page 380 and 381: 346 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV.
Page 400 and 401: '366 GEOGJRAPHICAL ZOOLOaY. [part I
Page 406 and 407: CHAPTER XIX. THE DISTRIBUTION OF TH
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384 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV.
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386 GEOGEAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv.
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392 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv.
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398 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV,
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400 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [pakt iv.
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, regions 408 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY.
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412 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [PAET IV.
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41G GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV,
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418 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV
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CHAPTER XX. THE DISTEIBUTION OF THE
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42G GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv.
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454 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv
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456 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [i-abt iv
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464 GEOGKAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv.
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CHAPTER XXL THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOM
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472 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [PAET IV,
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476 GEOGKAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV.
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478 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV,
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486 GEOGKAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv.
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— — 490 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [
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CHAPTEE XXII. .\N OUTLINE OF THE GE
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508 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [iaut iv.
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il2 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part iv.
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514 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part it.
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522 GEOGEAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [part IV.
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528 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. . to the
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538 GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. [I'ART IV
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CHAPTER XXIII. SUMMARY OF THE DISTR
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GU GEOGRAPHICAL ZOOLOGY. ' [part iv
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GENERAL INDEX.
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558 GENERAL INDEX. Acrcea. ii. 473
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560 GENERAL INDEX. Anoskmius, ii. 4
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562 GENERAL INDEX. Baryphthengus, i
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564 GENERAL INDEX. Bvphaga, ii. 288
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566 GENERAL INDEX Cave-fauna of Bra
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568 GENERAL INDEX; CHONDROSTEI, ii.
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670 GENERAL INDEX. Crypsirhina, ii.
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572 Dipsadohoa, ii. 379 Dipsas, ii.
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m GENERAL INDEX. Ereptodon, N. Amen
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576" GENERAL INDEX, Fishes, remarks
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570 Giinther, Dr., on range of Indi
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580 Hortulia, ii. 381 GENERAL INDEX
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582 GENERAL INDEX. Islands, Fiji, T
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384 GENERAL INDEX. Leucocyon, ii. 1
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586 Mammalia, of Madagascar, i. 272
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Migration of animals, general remar
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590 Neotropical region, fresh-water
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592 GENERAL INDEX. Otaria, European
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594 GENERAL INDEX. Persia, birds of
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596 Pogonostoma, ii. 487 Pogonotric
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598 GENERAL INDEX. PYRAMIDELLIDiE,
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600 GENERAL INDEX. Salvin, Mr. , on
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602 GENERAL INDEX. Spelerpes, ii. 4
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604 GENERAL INDEX. Testudo, great a
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606 Ungvlata, Indian Miocene, i. 12
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WALLACE'S MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. THE MA
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BOSTON UNIVERSITY 1 17n Dllbb 1032
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