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CHAP, XVII.] MAMMALIA. 225
The genus Capra consists of several sub-groups which have
been named as genera, but it is unnecessary here to do more than
divide them into " Goats and Ibexes " on the one hand and
" Sheep " on the other—each comprising 11 species. The former
range over all the South European Alps from Spain to the Caucasus
; to Abyssinia, Persia, and Scinde ; over the high Himalayas
to E. Thibet and K China; with an outlying species in the
Neilgherries. The latter are only found in the mountains of Cor-
sica, Sardinia, and Crete, in Europe ; in Asia Minor, Persia,
and in Central and North-Eastern Asia, with one somewhat
isolated species in the Atlas mountains ; while in America a
species is found in the Ptocky Mountains and the coast range
of California. Ovibos (1 sp.), the musk-sheep, inhabits Arctic
America north of lat. 60 ; but it occurs fossil in Post-glacial
gravels on the Yena and Obi in Siberia, in Germany and France
along with the Mammoth and with flint implements, and in
caves of the Pteindeer period ; also in the brick earth in the
south of England, associated with Rhinoceros megarliinus and
Elcphas antiquus.
Extinct Boviclce.—In the caverns and diluviums of Europe, of
the Post-PKocene period, the remains are found of extinct species
oiBos, Bison, and Capra; and in the caverns of the south of France
Rupicapra, and an antelope near Hippotragus. Bos and Bison
also occur in Pliocene deposits. In the Miocene of Europe, the
only remains are antelopes closely allied to existing species, and
these are especially numerous in Greece, where remains referred
to two living and four extinct genera have been discovered. In
the Miocene of India numerous extinct species of Bos, and two
extinct genera, Hemilios and Amphihos, have been found, one of
them at a great elevation in Thibet. Antelopes, allied to living
Indian species, are chiefly found in the ISTerbudda deposits.
In North America, the only bovine remains are those of a
Bison, and a sheep or goat, in the Post-pliocene deposits ; and
of two species of musk-sheep, sometimes classed in a distinct
genus Boothcriiom, from beds of the same age in Arkansas and
Ohio. Casoryx, from the Pliocene of Nebraska, is supposed to be
allied to the antelopes and to deer.