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236 PSALMS AND PSALTERSINTHEDEAD SEA SCROLLS<br />

were copied in first century B.C.E., with one more loosely classified as<br />

“Hasmonean.” A fur<strong>the</strong>r six <strong>scrolls</strong> are generally classified as “Herodian”<br />

<strong>and</strong> four are assigned to <strong>the</strong> first century C.E. More specifically, ten o<strong>the</strong>rs<br />

are dated from <strong>the</strong> early to mid-first century C.E. <strong>and</strong> four from <strong>the</strong><br />

mid-first century C.E. onward.<br />

2d cent. B.C.E. 1st cent. B.C.E. “Hasmonean” B.C.E.<br />

4QPs a (= 4Q83) 1QPs a (= 1Q10) 4QPs v (= 4Q98e)<br />

4QPs w (= 4Q98f) 4QPs b (= 4Q84)<br />

4QPs d (= 4Q86)<br />

4QPs f (= 4Q88)<br />

4QPs k (= 4Q92)<br />

4QPs l (= 4Q93)<br />

4QPs n (= 4Q95)<br />

4QPs o (= 4Q96)<br />

4QPs u (= 4Q98d)<br />

4QapocrJosh c ? (= 4Q522)<br />

MasPs b (= Mas1f)<br />

“Herodian” C.E. 1st cent. C.E. early- to mid mid-1st cent. C.E.<br />

1st cent. C.E. onward<br />

1QPs c (= 1Q12) 1QPs b (= 1Q11) 4QPs e (= 4Q87) 4QPs c (= 4Q85)<br />

2QPs (= 2Q14) 3QPs (= 3Q2) 4QPs g (= 4Q89) 4QPs s (= 4Q98b)<br />

4QPs h (= 4Q90) 5QPs (= 5Q5) 4QPs j (= 4Q91) 11QapocrPs (= 11Q11)<br />

4QPs m (= 4Q94) 8QPs (= 8Q2) 4QPs q (= 4Q98) 5/6H[ evPs (= 5/6H[ ev 1b)<br />

4QPs p (= 4Q97) 4QPs t (= 4Q98c)<br />

4QPs r (= 4Q98a) 11QPs a (= 11Q5)<br />

11QPs b (= 11Q6)<br />

11QPs c (= 11Q7)<br />

11QPs d (= 11Q8)<br />

MasPs a (= Mas1e)<br />

1.3 Scrolls in Disagreement with <strong>the</strong> Masoretic Psalter<br />

a. Major Disagreements<br />

In comparison with <strong>the</strong> MT-150 Psalter, twelve <strong>scrolls</strong> contain major disagreements,<br />

which may be termed “macrovariants.” 9 The first type of difference<br />

is in <strong>the</strong> arrangement of psalms, which occurs in seven manuscripts<br />

from Cave 4 (4QPsa [= 4Q83], 4QPsb [= 4Q84], 4QPsd [= 4Q86], 4QPse [= 4Q87], 4QPsk [= 4Q92], 4QPsn [= 4Q95], 4QPsq [= 4Q98]). 10 The<br />

second type involves variations in content (i.e., <strong>the</strong> inclusion of compositions<br />

not found in <strong>the</strong> MT), found in two <strong>scrolls</strong> from Cave 4 <strong>and</strong><br />

9. For this term, see Peter W. Flint, The Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Book of Psalms<br />

(STDJ 17; Leiden: Brill, 1997), 153–55.<br />

10. For example, Ps 31→33 in 4QPs a <strong>and</strong> 4QPs q (= 4Q98). Here <strong>the</strong> siglum “→”<br />

indicates that <strong>the</strong> second composition in a sequence directly follows <strong>the</strong> first.<br />

11. For example, <strong>the</strong> Apostrophe to Zion in 4QPs f (= 4Q88) <strong>and</strong> 11QPs a .

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