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STATION 6 i—r 3400 3000 1600 31-03-78 FIGURE 14. Infra-red spectrometry of the resins. by Tissot et al ; they were calculated for the earliest samples only 2(C29 + C31) R 29-31 = C28 + 2C30 + C32 The relationship shows that in this case, the n-C29 and n-C31 predominate. Where the value is over 1, the odd-numbered carbons predominate. In Table 2, a compilation of these values for all the stations, it is seen that R is much higher than 1 at Stations 6 and 8. Even in March 1978, this presence of natural compounds modified the distribution of hydrocarbons by family : - saturated hydrocarbon contents were low ,- - polar-compound contents (resins and asphaltenes) high. While the ratio of SAT/ARO decreased slightly, as at Stations 5 and 6 (Fig. 17), degradation of n-alkanes and isoprenoids (pristane and phytane) was observed throughout the period, showing clearly which polycyclic alkanes are most resistant to degradation. The chroma tograms of the aromatic hydrocarbons have very marked profiles under photometric detection (FPD) , and a persistence in the unresolved complex mixture (FID) (Fig. 16). Comparison of the results of the GPC with those of the high resolution MS undertaken on the reference samples of March 23, 1981 at Portsall, and the sampling taken 126
31-03-78 22-11-78 20-06-79 17-1-80 24-S-IO -^ 29 « 35. 1 1 27 . «,a»% ,# IS CG % V STATION 8 FIGURE 15. Evolution of the saturated hydrocarbons. on June 24, 1980 at this station, shows a degradation (or dissolution) of the alkylated cycloparaf fins to C3 and C4 . Concerning the thiophenic derivatives, some benzothiophenic alkyls disappear to become C5, while the initial alkylate derivatives of dibenzothiophene become C3 ; the naphthobenzothiophenes persisted. In the sampling taken in January 1980, an abnormally high response is noted — by Flame Ionization Detection (FID) and by Flame 127
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Na/JA/CNfiXO 0
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ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE AMOCO CADIZ
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Preface TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Physic
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PREFACE At approximately 11:30 p.m.
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In November 1979, an international
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CNEXO-NOAA Joint Scientific Commiss
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MICROBIAL HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION W
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Chemical Hydrocarbon Analyses Perfo
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147, 156, 170, 178, 184, 192, 198,
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The microbial hydrocarbon biodegrad
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TABLE 7. Biodegradation of 9-methyl
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The detailed gas-chromatographic an
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TABLE 13. Hydrocarbon concentration
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TABLE 17. Hydrocarbon concentration
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TTTl n rrffl KMIIMCi WOU^I ! I .Dm.
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o z o 5- 3- UJ >4 UJ - cc 2- I ll F
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z o 4. 3_ 2- t- 1 _ < K o z o 1_ o
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CONCLUSIONS Microbial degradation a
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LIQUID 5AK?lE CCNTftit-'JGAriOH + F
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The saturated hydrocarbons were mos
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acteria of the genus Moraxella, ind
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2. CONTINUOUS CULTURES In continuou
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INTRODUCTION All fate and effects s
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2.1 Sediments and Sediment Cores (E
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TABLE 2. Focus of GC/MS analyses. S
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T.ssue Semoie S50 grams Wet) HI Dis
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ae = E3£\CE '.tC'-SSE S* -•* 3 S
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TABLE 3A. Weathering of AMOCO CADIZ
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fli-Liftim Mi.u".- i I 7 1 1 5 6 /
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3.2 Surface Sediments (Atlas, Unive
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_l I I I I I L_ a •BIOGENIC P •
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TABLE 6. Replication of hydrocarbon
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-I—i i i i i i i i—i—i—I t
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t i I hn I 94 n,, , i i I ABCOEFGHI
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C30BT:177ng g 1 * ? » I—I—I I
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marker compounds, the C3 dibenzothi
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TABLE 8. AMOCO CADIZ sediment sampl
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TABLE 11. St. Michel en Greve/Lanni
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TABLE 14. L'Aber Benoit GC/MS resul
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3.4 Sediment Cores (Ward, Montana S
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' TABLE 16. L'Aber Wrac h sediment
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!•[ 220 = f occEMeea 1979 AUGUST
Page 90 and 91: 10 120 1000 no g 400 600 ALU ISO AL
Page 92 and 93: The AMC-4 cores appear dominated by
Page 94 and 95: 3.5 Oysters and Plaice (Neff, Batte
Page 96 and 97: The GC traces for the impacted oyst
Page 98 and 99: m/e m/8 m/e Lja.i t: J b l| c I "II
Page 100 and 101: -* I I I I ABCDEFGH IJ K LMNOPQRSTU
Page 102 and 103: AROMA IK S SATURATES 4-1 FIGURE 3.7
Page 104 and 105: TABLE 20. AMOCO CADIZ chemistry pro
Page 106 and 107: TABLE 24. Results of ISTPM fish ana
Page 108 and 109: 3.7 Seaweed and Sediments (Topinka,
Page 110 and 111: ma. w p FIGURE 3.81. HC-4-1 seaweed
Page 112 and 113: 9) Oysters were initially heavily i
Page 115 and 116: STUDIES OF HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIO
Page 117 and 118: sample 1 - extraction (toluene meth
Page 119 and 120: TABLE 1. Hydrocarbon content of lie
Page 121 and 122: TABLE 3. Chromatographic analysis o
Page 123: 1A _jiU' IB •JlIw '3 L Pr i 2A 2B
Page 126 and 127: CD o 0. - f 2104 "*. vli . ! i » -
Page 128 and 129: A IB A HC. SATURES S M C C [HiLJJL
Page 130 and 131: The relative contents of saturated
Page 133: 31-03-78 22-11-78 20-06-79 17-1-80
Page 136 and 137: PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11- 78 F
Page 138 and 139: 31-03-78 22-11-78 20 - 06 - 79 17-
Page 142 and 143: PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11-78 FP
Page 144 and 145: Photometry Detection (FPD) as well.
Page 146 and 147: 1 r PIODUI7S F.ECUPEF.ES BRUT DECAN
Page 148 and 149: The chromatogram of the saturated h
Page 150 and 151: etween the end of March and early A
Page 152 and 153: certain chemical species which are
Page 154 and 155: It should be noted that a sample ta
Page 156 and 157: REFERENCES CITED Aminot, A., 1981,
Page 158 and 159: affected a very large section of th
Page 160 and 161: OIL POLLUTION IN THE WESTERN ENGLIS
Page 163 and 164: atio of more than 100 is an index o
Page 165 and 166: TABLE 4. Comparison between hydroca
Page 167 and 168: FIGURE 7. Sampling stations in the
Page 169 and 170: IBB 000,- HC CPPM] ib me. lass. 100
Page 171: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would particular
Page 174 and 175: METHANE-PRODUCING BACTERIA POLYMERI
Page 176 and 177: AMOCO CAQiZ ® BE" 'LOUT U A8ER .^"
Page 178 and 179: and methanolic (f~) fractions for o
Page 180 and 181: 14 99%) from New England Nuclear; n
Page 182 and 183: concentrations were extremely low (
Page 184 and 185: (A) Oiled Estuary Mudtiat cms " i l
Page 186 and 187: TABLE 3. Aromatic Hydrocarbons in B
Page 188 and 189: TABLE 4. 11 *C0 2 + 1
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IGO 3-6 cm slurry IGO 3-6cm slurry
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FRESH OIL hk UjlAdU-uJM^vA. i^w*XaA
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TABLE 7. Effect of AMOCO CADIZ Mous
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14 TABLE 10. Effect of Hydrocarbons
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pounds were, however, noted at dept
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effects of additional heavy oiling.
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Centre Nationale pour ' 1 Exploitat
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S^rensen, J., D. Christensen, and B
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REPONSES DES PEUPLEMENTS SUBTIDAUX
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Les nouvelles populations caracteri
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TABLEAU I. L' evolution des peuplem
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B Dui © ® Du 2 © Sf FIGURE 4. Ev
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populations initiales durant la pre
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vs w DU w VS/ FV W DU,B SHV W ' \ /
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Connell, J.H. et R.O. Slatyer, 1977
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Les unites cenotigues correspondant
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les peuplements de la baie de Morla
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R, E c a ~ a H CO 3 -> E ;j cu R. a
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-
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leurs du meme ordre qu'avant la pol
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N/m 10 10 10 10 • -* Cycle normal
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3.2.3.2) Peuplement des sables tres
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Richesse specifique (fig. 10) D'avr
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N.m-2 300^ 250 200- 150 100 50 -•
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propor tionnels aux quantities d'hy
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Den HARTOG, C. 8 R.E.W.H. JACOBS, 1
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ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE D'UNE POLLUTION
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I. Pump2 Pumpl HL_Q I § i I ,1 1 I
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3000 1500 1000 - FIGURE 2. Evolutio
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L'evolution des Copepodes harpactic
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La sensibilite de cet indice semble
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La biomasse est sensiblement plus f
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE Andrassy, I., 1956, D
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Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978, Macroben
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INTRODUCTION Dans le cadre du suivi
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Pigments chlorophylliens RESULTATS
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apparente en decembre 1978 et aout
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Pheo (vg/q ) Ca (pg/g) 5 5 to 15 \
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Les conditions meteorologiques (fac
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TABLEAU 2. Evolution temporelle des
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On peut aussi expliquer , du moins
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A Brouennou, quatre groupes ecologi
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un groupe de sabulicoles epi- et en
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schema des mecanismes regulateurs d
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Gargas , E., 1970, Measurement of p
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LONG-TERM IMPACT OF THE AMOCO CADIZ
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The first type is due to the direct
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RESULTS Tissues from 134 specimens
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Table I. Distribution of patholocie
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a. B o r— IT) —
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antenai, and longitudinal spiral ro
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epresented an inflammatory response
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lateral nuclei were present. The ci
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There was also some indication, bas
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This method, based on the glucose o
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Table 4 . Concentrations of total a
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Table 6 . Concentration of aliphati
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sediments which is dominated by hig
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Table 9 . Concentration of aromatic
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COn,pOUnd Table 11 . Concentration
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Table 12. Concentrations of total a
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. Table 14. Concentration of alipha
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Date/Sample April 1979 (13) Whole F
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Table 17 . Concentration of total l
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laboratory (Wardle, 1972). In the l
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Table 23. Concentration of ascorbic
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Table 25 • Concentration of free
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ange. Dominant tissue-free amino ac
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Table 28 Concentration of free amin
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Table 30. Concentration of free ami
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Table 32 . Concentration of free am
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oil-polluted Abers and from nearby
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REFERENCES CITED Anderson, J.W. , 1
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McCain, B.B., H.O. Hodgins, W.D. Gr
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RETABLISSEMENT NATUREL D'UNE VEGETA
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INTRODUCTION Le retablissement d'un
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Nous distinguerons alors les phases
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Situation 3) Territoires fortement
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Plus precisiment le codage correspo
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Figure 3. Marais 6-Etat en 1979 (le
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Figure 5. Marais 6-Etat en 1981 (le
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Commentaires Mis a. part un petit n
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- Marais 3. Ce transect, situe en m
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TRANSECT 'VVATS 5 Figure 8. Transec
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05 (11 O ; cd 00 i I i I i I I I I
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'igure 9 Transect permanent-Marais
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Commentaires - Estuaire de Kerlavos
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1 - appel a la notion de compositio
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Figure 12. T'orphologie comparee d'
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- les plantes survivantes -initiale
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General RESTORATION OF MARSH VEGETA
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FIGURE 1. Marsh west of the bridge
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1979 Plantings Based on our prelimi
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FIGURE 6. Digging Puccinellia along
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FIGURE 10. A 6.5-cm diameter soil a
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In September, we made 9 additional
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FIGURE 16. Creek bank without veget
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FIGURE 19. Eroding creek bank at He
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'^^Wr ./".#" -•: rst^ s8H.*r FIGU
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FIGURE 26. Experimental planting es
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Elevation All elevations are given
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FIGURE 27. Map of study area on nor
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Keri&vos FIGURE 30. Map of study ar
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^~~ -
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TABLE 4. Survival of two types of t
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area (12 m 2 ) , and was an excepti
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TABLE 8. Aboveground dry weight of
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,^-^ FIGURE 37. Several 2-year old
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FIGURE 38. Experimental planting at
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fr J1MI FIGURE 40. Experimental pla
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Puccinellia were planted at one of
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FIGURE 44. Preliminary planting of
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Transplant Time Requirement It is d
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is about 540 cm^ or over 20 times t
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FIGURE 53. Plant shown in Figure 51
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FIGURE 56. Experimental planting of
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Cooperation with o
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LITERATURE CITED Baker, J. M. , 197
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ETUDES MICROBIOLOGIQUES ET MICROPHY
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HMMME NTHWL SWIRLING SITES Referenc
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dans les chenaux (carottes de 30 a
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degres d'une part, et entre les sta
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Schorres peu polities, CI et Bl CI
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L'activite enzymatique dans cette s
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chenaux : Conclusions sur le biotop
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Les schorres Les schorres, par cont
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stations TABLEAU 2 IIYDROfARUUKES D
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Ci 1 12-14 )uiH 79 2-7 oct 79 23-25
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E •" * — lissMs .-*. K V- v..
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FIGURE 8 Evolution temporelle des c
Page 462 and 463:
150- 100 50- 150- 100- 50 446 *o
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES Atlas,
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1964-1982, COMPARAISON QUANTITATIVE
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453
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EFFETS DE LA MAREE NOIRE SUR LES PE
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ESPECES En 1980, on a pu cartograph
Page 475 and 476:
3- EVOLUTION GLOBALE II semble s'am
Page 478 and 479:
COUREE DE L EVOLUTION DES BIOMASSES
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464
Page 482 and 483:
CO 00 466
Page 484 and 485:
468
Page 486 and 487:
470
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472
Page 490 and 491:
I s
Page 492 and 493:
476
Page 495:
Q) 1
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