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Parallelement a la forte decroissance des densites,la biomasse subit une reduction de pres de 50 % pendant le premier cycle annuel apres la pollution (4.4 g. par m2 contre 8.1). Des le second cycle elle retrouve des valeurs comparables a celles du cycle normal (8.0 nuel g. par m') et les (8.7 g. par m depasse meme au cours du troisieme cycle an- 2 . ) Ainsi, trois ans apres le stress, bien que les densites soient encore inferieures, d'environ 80 %, a celles observees avant la pollution, les valeurs de biomasse sont du meme ordre de grandeur que celles du cycle normal. En effet les especes subsistant apres le stress, dont les densites sont passees de 2100 a 3860 individus par m 2 du premier au troisieme cycle annuel apres la pollution, ont des poids individuels moyens tres super ieurs a celui des ampeliscides . En baie de Lannion 1' evolution de la densite globale du peuplement est fortement marquee par les variations d'abondance, d'ailleurs difficiles a interpreter, d'une seule espece, Paradoneis armata. La densite de celle-ci diminue progressivement a la station L8 pour atteindre 500 individus par m 2 en Janvier 1981 et se maintient a un niveau compris entre 500 et 600 individus par m 2 a la station L7 pendant la periode d'observation. II faut toutefois noter qu'au cours des trois cycles annuels la densite correspondant a 1 'ensemble des autres especes tend a s'accroitre. Les reintroductions d'especes temporairement eliminees apportent tres peu a cette croissance de la densite a moyen terme apres le le stress. Elle resulte principalement de quelques cas de £f52lo. n i§5~ tion par des especes reduites en effectifs pendant le premier cycle perturbe et de P£2life£gtion d'especes non affectees par la pollution. Les autres especes poursuivent des cycles annuels peu differents du cycle normal. Les recolonisations signif icatives sont le fait de trois especes : Ampelisca sarsi, Ampharete aoutifrons, Nephtys hombergtt. Alors que la communaute des sables fins de la Pierre Noire a pu heberger jusqu'a 40.000 Ampelisaa par m 2 , l'espece subsistante, A. sarsi ne recolonise cette vaste niche ecologique vacante qu'a une cadence restreinte (fig. 4) de par la conjonction de sa distribution "insulaire" et de ses caracteres biologiques (reproduction directe printaniere et estivale, femelles porteuses de 8 a 20 embryons seulement et ne se reproduisant qu'une fois, vie breve ne depassant guere un an (DAUVIN, 1979)). Limitee par 1' insular ite au seul potentiel reproducteur de sa population residuelle, l'espece multiplie cependant son effectif maximum annuel par un facteur de 5 a 9 d'une annee sur 1' autre ce qui temoigne du succes de la reproduction directe. Ampharete aautifrons, (fig. 5) insulaire, de duree de vie inferieure a deux ans, a larve presque immediatement benthique, suit un schema de recolonisation lente du meme type. Par contre, le repeuplement de Nephtys hombergii (vie longue, non insularite, larves pelagiques pendant plus d'un mois) s'effectue rapidement (fig. 6); des 1980, les effectifs estivaux, qui ne depassaient pas 30 individus par m 2 en 1978, atteignent 170 par in 2 , valeur superieure a celle observee avant pollution (90 par m 2 ) . En ce qui concerne les proliferations, la breve poussee d' Hete- rocirrus alatus a l'automne de 1978 (fig. 7) est suivie, au cours du deuxieme et du troisieme cycle par des accroissements importants de Chaetozone setosa, (Fig. 7), Spio filioornis, Saoloplos avmiger, Thyasira flexuosa, Abra alba. Ainsi se dessine probablement un premier element d'une serie de "successions" (PEARSON & ROSENBERG, 1978) , phenomene moins immediat et moins accuse ici que sur les fonds sublittoraux bien plus pollues des Abers (GLEMAREC & HUSSENOT, 1981; GLEMAREC & HUSSENOT, sous presse) . 216
N/m 10 10 10 10 • -* Cycle normals— >~-< TCycle Figure 4 - Peuplement des sables fins a Abra alba - Hyalinoecia bilineata de la Pierre Noire : evolution de la densite d 1 Ampelisca sarsi d'avril 1977 a fevrier 1981 (A.C. : debut de la pollution par les hydrocarbures de 1 '"Amoco Cadiz"). 200 . 100 - Figure 5 - N.m-2 -*- — CYCLE NORMAL - *••• i i i i i i i i i i i < M J S M I J 1977 AC- i rnVV 1'CYCLE 2'CYCLE »-• 3'CYCIE I I iI rI rI I I IT I ' / \ \ I \ \ / \ \ \ ' a l\ I \ \ I /M\ - •- '\-l 7 AAkZ/ v ~.\ Ll J '."Fo-r. *• I-*'s'- • " J I I I I I I I I I I snIjmvj inIj I I I I I I I I MMJ $ I I N v.PN I I I Ij 1978 1979 1980 bilineata : evo- Peuplement des sables fins a Abra alba - Hyalinoecia lution de la densite d 1 Ampharete grubei d'avril 1977 a fevrier 1981 de l"'Amoco Cadiz") (A.C. : debut de la pollution par les hydrocarbures 217
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Na/JA/CNfiXO 0
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ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE AMOCO CADIZ
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Preface TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Physic
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PREFACE At approximately 11:30 p.m.
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In November 1979, an international
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CNEXO-NOAA Joint Scientific Commiss
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MICROBIAL HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION W
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Chemical Hydrocarbon Analyses Perfo
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147, 156, 170, 178, 184, 192, 198,
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The microbial hydrocarbon biodegrad
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TABLE 7. Biodegradation of 9-methyl
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The detailed gas-chromatographic an
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TABLE 13. Hydrocarbon concentration
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TABLE 17. Hydrocarbon concentration
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TTTl n rrffl KMIIMCi WOU^I ! I .Dm.
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o z o 5- 3- UJ >4 UJ - cc 2- I ll F
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z o 4. 3_ 2- t- 1 _ < K o z o 1_ o
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CONCLUSIONS Microbial degradation a
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LIQUID 5AK?lE CCNTftit-'JGAriOH + F
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The saturated hydrocarbons were mos
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acteria of the genus Moraxella, ind
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2. CONTINUOUS CULTURES In continuou
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INTRODUCTION All fate and effects s
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2.1 Sediments and Sediment Cores (E
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TABLE 2. Focus of GC/MS analyses. S
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T.ssue Semoie S50 grams Wet) HI Dis
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ae = E3£\CE '.tC'-SSE S* -•* 3 S
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TABLE 3A. Weathering of AMOCO CADIZ
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fli-Liftim Mi.u".- i I 7 1 1 5 6 /
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3.2 Surface Sediments (Atlas, Unive
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_l I I I I I L_ a •BIOGENIC P •
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TABLE 6. Replication of hydrocarbon
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-I—i i i i i i i i—i—i—I t
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t i I hn I 94 n,, , i i I ABCOEFGHI
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C30BT:177ng g 1 * ? » I—I—I I
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marker compounds, the C3 dibenzothi
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TABLE 8. AMOCO CADIZ sediment sampl
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TABLE 11. St. Michel en Greve/Lanni
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TABLE 14. L'Aber Benoit GC/MS resul
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3.4 Sediment Cores (Ward, Montana S
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' TABLE 16. L'Aber Wrac h sediment
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!•[ 220 = f occEMeea 1979 AUGUST
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10 120 1000 no g 400 600 ALU ISO AL
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The AMC-4 cores appear dominated by
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3.5 Oysters and Plaice (Neff, Batte
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The GC traces for the impacted oyst
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m/e m/8 m/e Lja.i t: J b l| c I "II
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-* I I I I ABCDEFGH IJ K LMNOPQRSTU
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AROMA IK S SATURATES 4-1 FIGURE 3.7
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TABLE 20. AMOCO CADIZ chemistry pro
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TABLE 24. Results of ISTPM fish ana
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3.7 Seaweed and Sediments (Topinka,
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ma. w p FIGURE 3.81. HC-4-1 seaweed
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9) Oysters were initially heavily i
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STUDIES OF HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIO
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sample 1 - extraction (toluene meth
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TABLE 1. Hydrocarbon content of lie
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TABLE 3. Chromatographic analysis o
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1A _jiU' IB •JlIw '3 L Pr i 2A 2B
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CD o 0. - f 2104 "*. vli . ! i » -
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A IB A HC. SATURES S M C C [HiLJJL
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The relative contents of saturated
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31-03-78 22-11-78 20-06-79 17-1-80
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PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11- 78 F
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31-03-78 22-11-78 20 - 06 - 79 17-
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STATION 6 i—r 3400 3000 1600 31-0
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PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11-78 FP
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Photometry Detection (FPD) as well.
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1 r PIODUI7S F.ECUPEF.ES BRUT DECAN
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The chromatogram of the saturated h
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etween the end of March and early A
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certain chemical species which are
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It should be noted that a sample ta
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REFERENCES CITED Aminot, A., 1981,
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affected a very large section of th
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OIL POLLUTION IN THE WESTERN ENGLIS
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atio of more than 100 is an index o
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TABLE 4. Comparison between hydroca
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FIGURE 7. Sampling stations in the
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IBB 000,- HC CPPM] ib me. lass. 100
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would particular
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METHANE-PRODUCING BACTERIA POLYMERI
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AMOCO CAQiZ ® BE" 'LOUT U A8ER .^"
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and methanolic (f~) fractions for o
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14 99%) from New England Nuclear; n
Page 182 and 183: concentrations were extremely low (
Page 184 and 185: (A) Oiled Estuary Mudtiat cms " i l
Page 186 and 187: TABLE 3. Aromatic Hydrocarbons in B
Page 188 and 189: TABLE 4. 11 *C0 2 + 1
Page 190 and 191: IGO 3-6 cm slurry IGO 3-6cm slurry
Page 192 and 193: FRESH OIL hk UjlAdU-uJM^vA. i^w*XaA
Page 194 and 195: TABLE 7. Effect of AMOCO CADIZ Mous
Page 196 and 197: 14 TABLE 10. Effect of Hydrocarbons
Page 198 and 199: pounds were, however, noted at dept
Page 200 and 201: effects of additional heavy oiling.
Page 202 and 203: Centre Nationale pour ' 1 Exploitat
Page 204 and 205: S^rensen, J., D. Christensen, and B
Page 207 and 208: REPONSES DES PEUPLEMENTS SUBTIDAUX
Page 209 and 210: Les nouvelles populations caracteri
Page 211 and 212: TABLEAU I. L' evolution des peuplem
Page 213 and 214: B Dui © ® Du 2 © Sf FIGURE 4. Ev
Page 215 and 216: populations initiales durant la pre
Page 217 and 218: vs w DU w VS/ FV W DU,B SHV W ' \ /
Page 219: Connell, J.H. et R.O. Slatyer, 1977
Page 222 and 223: Les unites cenotigues correspondant
Page 224 and 225: les peuplements de la baie de Morla
Page 226 and 227: R, E c a ~ a H CO 3 -> E ;j cu R. a
Page 229 and 230: -
Page 231: leurs du meme ordre qu'avant la pol
Page 235 and 236: 3.2.3.2) Peuplement des sables tres
Page 237 and 238: Richesse specifique (fig. 10) D'avr
Page 239 and 240: N.m-2 300^ 250 200- 150 100 50 -•
Page 241 and 242: propor tionnels aux quantities d'hy
Page 243 and 244: Den HARTOG, C. 8 R.E.W.H. JACOBS, 1
Page 245 and 246: ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE D'UNE POLLUTION
Page 247 and 248: I. Pump2 Pumpl HL_Q I § i I ,1 1 I
Page 249 and 250: 3000 1500 1000 - FIGURE 2. Evolutio
Page 251 and 252: L'evolution des Copepodes harpactic
Page 253 and 254: La sensibilite de cet indice semble
Page 255 and 256: La biomasse est sensiblement plus f
Page 257 and 258: BIBLIOGRAPHIE Andrassy, I., 1956, D
Page 259: Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978, Macroben
Page 262 and 263: INTRODUCTION Dans le cadre du suivi
Page 264 and 265: Pigments chlorophylliens RESULTATS
Page 266 and 267: apparente en decembre 1978 et aout
Page 268 and 269: Pheo (vg/q ) Ca (pg/g) 5 5 to 15 \
Page 270 and 271: Les conditions meteorologiques (fac
Page 272 and 273: TABLEAU 2. Evolution temporelle des
Page 274 and 275: On peut aussi expliquer , du moins
Page 276 and 277: A Brouennou, quatre groupes ecologi
Page 278 and 279: un groupe de sabulicoles epi- et en
Page 280 and 281: schema des mecanismes regulateurs d
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Gargas , E., 1970, Measurement of p
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LONG-TERM IMPACT OF THE AMOCO CADIZ
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The first type is due to the direct
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RESULTS Tissues from 134 specimens
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Table I. Distribution of patholocie
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a. B o r— IT) —
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antenai, and longitudinal spiral ro
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epresented an inflammatory response
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lateral nuclei were present. The ci
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There was also some indication, bas
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This method, based on the glucose o
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Table 4 . Concentrations of total a
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Table 6 . Concentration of aliphati
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sediments which is dominated by hig
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Table 9 . Concentration of aromatic
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COn,pOUnd Table 11 . Concentration
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Table 12. Concentrations of total a
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. Table 14. Concentration of alipha
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Date/Sample April 1979 (13) Whole F
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Table 17 . Concentration of total l
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laboratory (Wardle, 1972). In the l
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Table 23. Concentration of ascorbic
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Table 25 • Concentration of free
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ange. Dominant tissue-free amino ac
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Table 28 Concentration of free amin
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Table 30. Concentration of free ami
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Table 32 . Concentration of free am
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oil-polluted Abers and from nearby
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REFERENCES CITED Anderson, J.W. , 1
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McCain, B.B., H.O. Hodgins, W.D. Gr
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RETABLISSEMENT NATUREL D'UNE VEGETA
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INTRODUCTION Le retablissement d'un
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Nous distinguerons alors les phases
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Situation 3) Territoires fortement
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Plus precisiment le codage correspo
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Figure 3. Marais 6-Etat en 1979 (le
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Figure 5. Marais 6-Etat en 1981 (le
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Commentaires Mis a. part un petit n
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- Marais 3. Ce transect, situe en m
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TRANSECT 'VVATS 5 Figure 8. Transec
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05 (11 O ; cd 00 i I i I i I I I I
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'igure 9 Transect permanent-Marais
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Commentaires - Estuaire de Kerlavos
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1 - appel a la notion de compositio
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Figure 12. T'orphologie comparee d'
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- les plantes survivantes -initiale
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General RESTORATION OF MARSH VEGETA
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FIGURE 1. Marsh west of the bridge
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1979 Plantings Based on our prelimi
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FIGURE 6. Digging Puccinellia along
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FIGURE 10. A 6.5-cm diameter soil a
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In September, we made 9 additional
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FIGURE 16. Creek bank without veget
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FIGURE 19. Eroding creek bank at He
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'^^Wr ./".#" -•: rst^ s8H.*r FIGU
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FIGURE 26. Experimental planting es
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Elevation All elevations are given
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FIGURE 27. Map of study area on nor
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Keri&vos FIGURE 30. Map of study ar
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^~~ -
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TABLE 4. Survival of two types of t
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area (12 m 2 ) , and was an excepti
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TABLE 8. Aboveground dry weight of
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,^-^ FIGURE 37. Several 2-year old
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FIGURE 38. Experimental planting at
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fr J1MI FIGURE 40. Experimental pla
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Puccinellia were planted at one of
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FIGURE 44. Preliminary planting of
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Transplant Time Requirement It is d
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is about 540 cm^ or over 20 times t
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FIGURE 53. Plant shown in Figure 51
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FIGURE 56. Experimental planting of
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Cooperation with o
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LITERATURE CITED Baker, J. M. , 197
Page 437 and 438:
ETUDES MICROBIOLOGIQUES ET MICROPHY
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HMMME NTHWL SWIRLING SITES Referenc
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dans les chenaux (carottes de 30 a
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degres d'une part, et entre les sta
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Schorres peu polities, CI et Bl CI
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L'activite enzymatique dans cette s
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chenaux : Conclusions sur le biotop
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Les schorres Les schorres, par cont
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stations TABLEAU 2 IIYDROfARUUKES D
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Ci 1 12-14 )uiH 79 2-7 oct 79 23-25
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E •" * — lissMs .-*. K V- v..
Page 460 and 461:
FIGURE 8 Evolution temporelle des c
Page 462 and 463:
150- 100 50- 150- 100- 50 446 *o
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES Atlas,
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1964-1982, COMPARAISON QUANTITATIVE
Page 469 and 470:
453
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EFFETS DE LA MAREE NOIRE SUR LES PE
Page 473 and 474:
ESPECES En 1980, on a pu cartograph
Page 475 and 476:
3- EVOLUTION GLOBALE II semble s'am
Page 478 and 479:
COUREE DE L EVOLUTION DES BIOMASSES
Page 480 and 481:
464
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CO 00 466
Page 484 and 485:
468
Page 486 and 487:
470
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472
Page 490 and 491:
I s
Page 492 and 493:
476
Page 495:
Q) 1
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