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INTRODUCTION Dans le cadre du suivi ecologique entrepris a , la suite du naufrage de 1"'AM0C0-CADIZ" , par les Laboratoires de l'Institut d'Etudes Marines de l'Universite de Bretagne Occidentale , la meiofaune sensu lato et le microphytobenthos de la zone intertidale ont ete l'objet d'une etude realisee par le Laboratoire d'Oceanographie biologique . Apres une recherche de site effectuee sur la cote nord-Finistere au cours des mois de septembre et octobre 1978, deux plages a la sortie de l'Aber Benoit (Fig. 1), Corn ar Gazel au SW et Brouennou au NE, ont ete retenues pour cette etude. Ces deux plages, situees dans une zone particulierement eprouvee par la pollution due aux hydrocarbures de 1' "AMOCO-CADIZ" , sont egalement etudiees au point de vue physico-chimique et au point de vue de la macrofaune (Le Moal , 1981) dans le cadre de ce suivi. II a malheureusement ete impossible de trouver dans cette region une plage ecologiquement homologue mais non polluee afin de servir de temoin . Une etude parallele , mais por- tant uniquement sur la meiofaune sensu stricto , a ete realisee sur la plage de Kersaint (pres de Portsall). FIGURE 1. Localisation des stations. Sur chacune des plages, une station (Quadrat) situee en dessous de la mi-maree, dans l'etage mediolittoral , est l'objet de prelevements mensuels depuis mars 1978 pour la plage de Kersaint, novembre 1978 pour les plages de Brouennou et Corn ar Gazel. Sur cette derniere , deux prelevements "de reference" ont pu etre realises le 17 mars 1978, avant l'arrivee de la nappe d'hydrocarbures . Une premiere publication (Bodin et Boucher, 1981) faisait etat des resultats acquis en juillet 1979. La presente note les <strong>com</strong>plete par les donnees obtenues jusqu'en novembre 1980 et tente une reflexion sur l'ensemble de ce suivi ecologique. 246 4*40- 4*M-
Les techniques de prelevement et de traitement des echantillons , ainsi que les principaux parametres edaphiques , ont deja ete exposes dans la premiere publication, nous ne les reprenons done pas ici . Nous rappelons simplement quelques caracteristiques granulometriques essentielles sous forme de courbes ponderales cumulatives (Fig. 2). De plus , nous presentons le profil topographique de deux des plages prospectees (Fig. 3) et les variations temporelles de la temperature et de la vitesse du vent (Fig. 4).
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Na/JA/CNfiXO 0
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ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE AMOCO CADIZ
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Preface TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Physic
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PREFACE At approximately 11:30 p.m.
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In November 1979, an international
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CNEXO-NOAA Joint Scientific Commiss
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MICROBIAL HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION W
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Chemical Hydrocarbon Analyses Perfo
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147, 156, 170, 178, 184, 192, 198,
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The microbial hydrocarbon biodegrad
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TABLE 7. Biodegradation of 9-methyl
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The detailed gas-chromatographic an
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TABLE 13. Hydrocarbon concentration
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TABLE 17. Hydrocarbon concentration
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TTTl n rrffl KMIIMCi WOU^I ! I .Dm.
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o z o 5- 3- UJ >4 UJ - cc 2- I ll F
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z o 4. 3_ 2- t- 1 _ < K o z o 1_ o
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CONCLUSIONS Microbial degradation a
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LIQUID 5AK?lE CCNTftit-'JGAriOH + F
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The saturated hydrocarbons were mos
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acteria of the genus Moraxella, ind
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2. CONTINUOUS CULTURES In continuou
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INTRODUCTION All fate and effects s
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2.1 Sediments and Sediment Cores (E
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TABLE 2. Focus of GC/MS analyses. S
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T.ssue Semoie S50 grams Wet) HI Dis
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ae = E3£\CE '.tC'-SSE S* -•* 3 S
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TABLE 3A. Weathering of AMOCO CADIZ
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fli-Liftim Mi.u".- i I 7 1 1 5 6 /
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3.2 Surface Sediments (Atlas, Unive
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_l I I I I I L_ a •BIOGENIC P •
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TABLE 6. Replication of hydrocarbon
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-I—i i i i i i i i—i—i—I t
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t i I hn I 94 n,, , i i I ABCOEFGHI
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C30BT:177ng g 1 * ? » I—I—I I
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marker compounds, the C3 dibenzothi
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TABLE 8. AMOCO CADIZ sediment sampl
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TABLE 11. St. Michel en Greve/Lanni
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TABLE 14. L'Aber Benoit GC/MS resul
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3.4 Sediment Cores (Ward, Montana S
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' TABLE 16. L'Aber Wrac h sediment
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!•[ 220 = f occEMeea 1979 AUGUST
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10 120 1000 no g 400 600 ALU ISO AL
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The AMC-4 cores appear dominated by
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3.5 Oysters and Plaice (Neff, Batte
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The GC traces for the impacted oyst
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m/e m/8 m/e Lja.i t: J b l| c I "II
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-* I I I I ABCDEFGH IJ K LMNOPQRSTU
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AROMA IK S SATURATES 4-1 FIGURE 3.7
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TABLE 20. AMOCO CADIZ chemistry pro
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TABLE 24. Results of ISTPM fish ana
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3.7 Seaweed and Sediments (Topinka,
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ma. w p FIGURE 3.81. HC-4-1 seaweed
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9) Oysters were initially heavily i
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STUDIES OF HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIO
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sample 1 - extraction (toluene meth
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TABLE 1. Hydrocarbon content of lie
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TABLE 3. Chromatographic analysis o
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1A _jiU' IB •JlIw '3 L Pr i 2A 2B
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CD o 0. - f 2104 "*. vli . ! i » -
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A IB A HC. SATURES S M C C [HiLJJL
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The relative contents of saturated
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31-03-78 22-11-78 20-06-79 17-1-80
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PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11- 78 F
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31-03-78 22-11-78 20 - 06 - 79 17-
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STATION 6 i—r 3400 3000 1600 31-0
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PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11-78 FP
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Photometry Detection (FPD) as well.
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1 r PIODUI7S F.ECUPEF.ES BRUT DECAN
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The chromatogram of the saturated h
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etween the end of March and early A
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certain chemical species which are
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It should be noted that a sample ta
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REFERENCES CITED Aminot, A., 1981,
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affected a very large section of th
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OIL POLLUTION IN THE WESTERN ENGLIS
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atio of more than 100 is an index o
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TABLE 4. Comparison between hydroca
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FIGURE 7. Sampling stations in the
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IBB 000,- HC CPPM] ib me. lass. 100
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would particular
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METHANE-PRODUCING BACTERIA POLYMERI
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AMOCO CAQiZ ® BE" 'LOUT U A8ER .^"
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and methanolic (f~) fractions for o
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14 99%) from New England Nuclear; n
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concentrations were extremely low (
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(A) Oiled Estuary Mudtiat cms " i l
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TABLE 3. Aromatic Hydrocarbons in B
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TABLE 4. 11 *C0 2 + 1
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IGO 3-6 cm slurry IGO 3-6cm slurry
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FRESH OIL hk UjlAdU-uJM^vA. i^w*XaA
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TABLE 7. Effect of AMOCO CADIZ Mous
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14 TABLE 10. Effect of Hydrocarbons
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pounds were, however, noted at dept
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effects of additional heavy oiling.
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Centre Nationale pour ' 1 Exploitat
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S^rensen, J., D. Christensen, and B
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REPONSES DES PEUPLEMENTS SUBTIDAUX
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Les nouvelles populations caracteri
Page 211 and 212: TABLEAU I. L' evolution des peuplem
Page 213 and 214: B Dui © ® Du 2 © Sf FIGURE 4. Ev
Page 215 and 216: populations initiales durant la pre
Page 217 and 218: vs w DU w VS/ FV W DU,B SHV W ' \ /
Page 219: Connell, J.H. et R.O. Slatyer, 1977
Page 222 and 223: Les unites cenotigues correspondant
Page 224 and 225: les peuplements de la baie de Morla
Page 226 and 227: R, E c a ~ a H CO 3 -> E ;j cu R. a
Page 229 and 230: -
Page 231 and 232: leurs du meme ordre qu'avant la pol
Page 233 and 234: N/m 10 10 10 10 • -* Cycle normal
Page 235 and 236: 3.2.3.2) Peuplement des sables tres
Page 237 and 238: Richesse specifique (fig. 10) D'avr
Page 239 and 240: N.m-2 300^ 250 200- 150 100 50 -•
Page 241 and 242: propor tionnels aux quantities d'hy
Page 243 and 244: Den HARTOG, C. 8 R.E.W.H. JACOBS, 1
Page 245 and 246: ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE D'UNE POLLUTION
Page 247 and 248: I. Pump2 Pumpl HL_Q I § i I ,1 1 I
Page 249 and 250: 3000 1500 1000 - FIGURE 2. Evolutio
Page 251 and 252: L'evolution des Copepodes harpactic
Page 253 and 254: La sensibilite de cet indice semble
Page 255 and 256: La biomasse est sensiblement plus f
Page 257 and 258: BIBLIOGRAPHIE Andrassy, I., 1956, D
Page 259: Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978, Macroben
Page 264 and 265: Pigments chlorophylliens RESULTATS
Page 266 and 267: apparente en decembre 1978 et aout
Page 268 and 269: Pheo (vg/q ) Ca (pg/g) 5 5 to 15 \
Page 270 and 271: Les conditions meteorologiques (fac
Page 272 and 273: TABLEAU 2. Evolution temporelle des
Page 274 and 275: On peut aussi expliquer , du moins
Page 276 and 277: A Brouennou, quatre groupes ecologi
Page 278 and 279: un groupe de sabulicoles epi- et en
Page 280 and 281: schema des mecanismes regulateurs d
Page 282 and 283: Gargas , E., 1970, Measurement of p
Page 285 and 286: LONG-TERM IMPACT OF THE AMOCO CADIZ
Page 287 and 288: The first type is due to the direct
Page 289 and 290: RESULTS Tissues from 134 specimens
Page 291 and 292: Table I. Distribution of patholocie
Page 293 and 294: a. B o r— IT) —
Page 295 and 296: antenai, and longitudinal spiral ro
Page 297 and 298: epresented an inflammatory response
Page 299 and 300: lateral nuclei were present. The ci
Page 301 and 302: There was also some indication, bas
Page 303 and 304: This method, based on the glucose o
Page 305 and 306: Table 4 . Concentrations of total a
Page 307 and 308: Table 6 . Concentration of aliphati
Page 309 and 310: sediments which is dominated by hig
Page 311 and 312: Table 9 . Concentration of aromatic
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COn,pOUnd Table 11 . Concentration
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Table 12. Concentrations of total a
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. Table 14. Concentration of alipha
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Date/Sample April 1979 (13) Whole F
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Table 17 . Concentration of total l
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laboratory (Wardle, 1972). In the l
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Table 23. Concentration of ascorbic
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Table 25 • Concentration of free
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ange. Dominant tissue-free amino ac
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Table 28 Concentration of free amin
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Table 30. Concentration of free ami
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Table 32 . Concentration of free am
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oil-polluted Abers and from nearby
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REFERENCES CITED Anderson, J.W. , 1
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McCain, B.B., H.O. Hodgins, W.D. Gr
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RETABLISSEMENT NATUREL D'UNE VEGETA
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INTRODUCTION Le retablissement d'un
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Nous distinguerons alors les phases
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Situation 3) Territoires fortement
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Plus precisiment le codage correspo
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Figure 3. Marais 6-Etat en 1979 (le
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Figure 5. Marais 6-Etat en 1981 (le
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Commentaires Mis a. part un petit n
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- Marais 3. Ce transect, situe en m
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TRANSECT 'VVATS 5 Figure 8. Transec
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05 (11 O ; cd 00 i I i I i I I I I
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'igure 9 Transect permanent-Marais
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Commentaires - Estuaire de Kerlavos
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1 - appel a la notion de compositio
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Figure 12. T'orphologie comparee d'
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- les plantes survivantes -initiale
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General RESTORATION OF MARSH VEGETA
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FIGURE 1. Marsh west of the bridge
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1979 Plantings Based on our prelimi
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FIGURE 6. Digging Puccinellia along
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FIGURE 10. A 6.5-cm diameter soil a
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In September, we made 9 additional
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FIGURE 16. Creek bank without veget
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FIGURE 19. Eroding creek bank at He
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'^^Wr ./".#" -•: rst^ s8H.*r FIGU
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FIGURE 26. Experimental planting es
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Elevation All elevations are given
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FIGURE 27. Map of study area on nor
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Keri&vos FIGURE 30. Map of study ar
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^~~ -
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TABLE 4. Survival of two types of t
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area (12 m 2 ) , and was an excepti
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TABLE 8. Aboveground dry weight of
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,^-^ FIGURE 37. Several 2-year old
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FIGURE 38. Experimental planting at
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fr J1MI FIGURE 40. Experimental pla
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Puccinellia were planted at one of
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FIGURE 44. Preliminary planting of
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Transplant Time Requirement It is d
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is about 540 cm^ or over 20 times t
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FIGURE 53. Plant shown in Figure 51
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FIGURE 56. Experimental planting of
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Cooperation with o
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LITERATURE CITED Baker, J. M. , 197
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ETUDES MICROBIOLOGIQUES ET MICROPHY
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HMMME NTHWL SWIRLING SITES Referenc
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dans les chenaux (carottes de 30 a
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degres d'une part, et entre les sta
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Schorres peu polities, CI et Bl CI
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L'activite enzymatique dans cette s
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chenaux : Conclusions sur le biotop
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Les schorres Les schorres, par cont
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stations TABLEAU 2 IIYDROfARUUKES D
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Ci 1 12-14 )uiH 79 2-7 oct 79 23-25
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E •" * — lissMs .-*. K V- v..
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FIGURE 8 Evolution temporelle des c
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150- 100 50- 150- 100- 50 446 *o
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES Atlas,
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1964-1982, COMPARAISON QUANTITATIVE
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453
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EFFETS DE LA MAREE NOIRE SUR LES PE
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ESPECES En 1980, on a pu cartograph
Page 475 and 476:
3- EVOLUTION GLOBALE II semble s'am
Page 478 and 479:
COUREE DE L EVOLUTION DES BIOMASSES
Page 480 and 481:
464
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CO 00 466
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468
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470
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472
Page 490 and 491:
I s
Page 492 and 493:
476
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Q) 1
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