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LES EFFETS DES HYDROCARBURES DE L 1 AMOCO-CADIZ SUR LES PEUPLEMENTS BENTHIQUES DES BAIES DE MORLAIX ET DE LANNION D'AVRIL 1978 A MARS 1981 Louis CABIOCH 1 par Christian RETIERE 2 , , Jean-Claude DAUVIN 1 et Diane ARCHAMBAULT 3 , Vincent RIVAIN 2 , 1) Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29211, Roscoff, France 2) Laboratoire Maritime de Dinard, 35801, Dinard, France 3) Universite de Laval, Quebec. 1) INTRODUCTION Les premieres nappes d'hydrocarbures de 1 'Amoco-Cadiz atteignent le littoral de la region de Roscoff et les cotes orientales de la baie de Morlaix le 21 mars, quatre jours apres l'echouage du petrolier sur les roches de Portsall. Alors que les masses d'eau chargees en hydrocarbures plus toxiques transitent rapidement sur 1 'ensemble de la region, des particules oleosedimentaires contaminent les fonds sublittoraux. Elles se deposent preferentiellement dans les zones calmes et forment localement des poches de mazout residuel; en baie de Morlaix, on note leur presence le 3 avril dans les sables fins peu envases de la Pierre Noire par 20 metres de profondeur et le 13 avril dans les chenaux des rivieres de Morlaix et de Penze (CABIOCH et al., 1978). Durant la meme periode ce phenomene est observe par MARCHAND etCAPRAIS (1981) en baie de Lannion. La connaissance de la <strong>com</strong>position et de la distribution des <strong>com</strong>munautes benthiques de cette region depuis 1968 (CABIOCH) et celle de la dynamique du peuplement des sables fins de la Pierre Noire engagee depuis 1977 (DAUVIN, 1979) permettent une meilleure evaluation des consequences de la pollution sur le macrobenthos subtidal. Ces etudes, financees par la NOAA (contrat 78/5830, 80/6145), entreprises immediatement apres la catastrophe, ont deja fait l'objet de publications : DAUVIN (1979 a, b et sous presse) , CABIOCH et al. (1980, 1981 et sous presse) . 2) LES PEUPLEMENTS ETUDIES En Manche les sequences bio-sedimentaires sont principalement sous le controle de l'intensite des courants de maree; en consequence del 'entree vers le fond des baies, les peuplements des sediments grossiers sont progressivement relayes par des peuplements de sediments fins plus ou moins envases. Certains termes de cette sequence ont une distribution spatiale discontinue; tel est le cas des peuplements des sables tins separes par de vastes etendues de nature differente. 205 ,
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Na/JA/CNfiXO 0
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ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE AMOCO CADIZ
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Preface TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Physic
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PREFACE At approximately 11:30 p.m.
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In November 1979, an international
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CNEXO-NOAA Joint Scientific Commiss
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MICROBIAL HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION W
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Chemical Hydrocarbon Analyses Perfo
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147, 156, 170, 178, 184, 192, 198,
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The microbial hydrocarbon biodegrad
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TABLE 7. Biodegradation of 9-methyl
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The detailed gas-chromatographic an
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TABLE 13. Hydrocarbon concentration
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TABLE 17. Hydrocarbon concentration
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TTTl n rrffl KMIIMCi WOU^I ! I .Dm.
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o z o 5- 3- UJ >4 UJ - cc 2- I ll F
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z o 4. 3_ 2- t- 1 _ < K o z o 1_ o
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CONCLUSIONS Microbial degradation a
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LIQUID 5AK?lE CCNTftit-'JGAriOH + F
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The saturated hydrocarbons were mos
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acteria of the genus Moraxella, ind
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2. CONTINUOUS CULTURES In continuou
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INTRODUCTION All fate and effects s
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2.1 Sediments and Sediment Cores (E
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TABLE 2. Focus of GC/MS analyses. S
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T.ssue Semoie S50 grams Wet) HI Dis
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ae = E3£\CE '.tC'-SSE S* -•* 3 S
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TABLE 3A. Weathering of AMOCO CADIZ
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fli-Liftim Mi.u".- i I 7 1 1 5 6 /
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3.2 Surface Sediments (Atlas, Unive
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_l I I I I I L_ a •BIOGENIC P •
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TABLE 6. Replication of hydrocarbon
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-I—i i i i i i i i—i—i—I t
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t i I hn I 94 n,, , i i I ABCOEFGHI
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C30BT:177ng g 1 * ? » I—I—I I
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marker compounds, the C3 dibenzothi
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TABLE 8. AMOCO CADIZ sediment sampl
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TABLE 11. St. Michel en Greve/Lanni
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TABLE 14. L'Aber Benoit GC/MS resul
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3.4 Sediment Cores (Ward, Montana S
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' TABLE 16. L'Aber Wrac h sediment
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!•[ 220 = f occEMeea 1979 AUGUST
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10 120 1000 no g 400 600 ALU ISO AL
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The AMC-4 cores appear dominated by
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3.5 Oysters and Plaice (Neff, Batte
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The GC traces for the impacted oyst
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m/e m/8 m/e Lja.i t: J b l| c I "II
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-* I I I I ABCDEFGH IJ K LMNOPQRSTU
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AROMA IK S SATURATES 4-1 FIGURE 3.7
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TABLE 20. AMOCO CADIZ chemistry pro
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TABLE 24. Results of ISTPM fish ana
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3.7 Seaweed and Sediments (Topinka,
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ma. w p FIGURE 3.81. HC-4-1 seaweed
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9) Oysters were initially heavily i
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STUDIES OF HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIO
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sample 1 - extraction (toluene meth
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TABLE 1. Hydrocarbon content of lie
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TABLE 3. Chromatographic analysis o
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1A _jiU' IB •JlIw '3 L Pr i 2A 2B
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CD o 0. - f 2104 "*. vli . ! i » -
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A IB A HC. SATURES S M C C [HiLJJL
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The relative contents of saturated
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31-03-78 22-11-78 20-06-79 17-1-80
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PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11- 78 F
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31-03-78 22-11-78 20 - 06 - 79 17-
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STATION 6 i—r 3400 3000 1600 31-0
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PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11-78 FP
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Photometry Detection (FPD) as well.
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1 r PIODUI7S F.ECUPEF.ES BRUT DECAN
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The chromatogram of the saturated h
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etween the end of March and early A
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certain chemical species which are
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It should be noted that a sample ta
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REFERENCES CITED Aminot, A., 1981,
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affected a very large section of th
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OIL POLLUTION IN THE WESTERN ENGLIS
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atio of more than 100 is an index o
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TABLE 4. Comparison between hydroca
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FIGURE 7. Sampling stations in the
Page 169 and 170: IBB 000,- HC CPPM] ib me. lass. 100
Page 171: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would particular
Page 174 and 175: METHANE-PRODUCING BACTERIA POLYMERI
Page 176 and 177: AMOCO CAQiZ ® BE" 'LOUT U A8ER .^"
Page 178 and 179: and methanolic (f~) fractions for o
Page 180 and 181: 14 99%) from New England Nuclear; n
Page 182 and 183: concentrations were extremely low (
Page 184 and 185: (A) Oiled Estuary Mudtiat cms " i l
Page 186 and 187: TABLE 3. Aromatic Hydrocarbons in B
Page 188 and 189: TABLE 4. 11 *C0 2 + 1
Page 190 and 191: IGO 3-6 cm slurry IGO 3-6cm slurry
Page 192 and 193: FRESH OIL hk UjlAdU-uJM^vA. i^w*XaA
Page 194 and 195: TABLE 7. Effect of AMOCO CADIZ Mous
Page 196 and 197: 14 TABLE 10. Effect of Hydrocarbons
Page 198 and 199: pounds were, however, noted at dept
Page 200 and 201: effects of additional heavy oiling.
Page 202 and 203: Centre Nationale pour ' 1 Exploitat
Page 204 and 205: S^rensen, J., D. Christensen, and B
Page 207 and 208: REPONSES DES PEUPLEMENTS SUBTIDAUX
Page 209 and 210: Les nouvelles populations caracteri
Page 211 and 212: TABLEAU I. L' evolution des peuplem
Page 213 and 214: B Dui © ® Du 2 © Sf FIGURE 4. Ev
Page 215 and 216: populations initiales durant la pre
Page 217 and 218: vs w DU w VS/ FV W DU,B SHV W ' \ /
Page 219: Connell, J.H. et R.O. Slatyer, 1977
Page 223 and 224: Ha» Carte 1 - Repartition des stat
Page 225 and 226: Des 1972, les travaux de SANDERS et
Page 227: 10 000 -Cycle normal>"< 1 Cycle --<
Page 230 and 231: Nous n'avons recolte dans ces fonds
Page 232 and 233: Parallelement a la forte decroissan
Page 234 and 235: Figure 6 - Figure 7 - 150- 100- N .
Page 236 and 237: Figure La croissance de la densite
Page 238 and 239: 6000 5 000 4 000 3 000 Cycle normal
Page 240 and 241: menes qui se succedent dans le peup
Page 242 and 243: BIBLIOGRAPHIE BESLIER, A., J.L. BIR
Page 244 and 245: SANDERS, H.L.. J.F. GRASSLE & G.R.
Page 246 and 247: INTRODUCTION sur 1 'environnement s
Page 248 and 249: Les organismes de la meiofaune ont
Page 250 and 251: 180 Days FIGURE 3. Evolution des de
Page 252 and 253: N/C 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Page 254 and 255: 36 93 653 485 0.150 ± 0.057 (97) 0
Page 256 and 257: a un developpement d'opportunistes
Page 258 and 259: Delaune, R.D., G.A. Hambrick & W.H.
Page 261 and 262: EVOLUTION A MOYEN-TERME DU MEIOBENT
Page 263 and 264: Les techniques de prelevement et de
Page 265 and 266: 20 10 _ 10 . P9'9 ¥ "CN- V —" -
Page 267 and 268: 10 _ \ 5- I i -TTI 1—I
Page 269 and 270: fine importante (signe de sediment
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Meiofaune totnli Nema; 13000- 10000
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presents de mai a octobre 1980, con
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TABLEAU 5. Liste des especes recolt
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950 900 800 700 , 600 500 400 300 2
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Doit-on considerer ces especes (A.
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Bellan, G., 1967, Pollution et peup
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Renaud-Mornant , J. et N. Gourbault
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conspired to create a "worst case"
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Oysters Crass
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Table 1. Types of pathologies, tota
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Abnormally high numbers of eosinoph
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Aggregates of eosinophilic leucocyt
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Focal aggregates of leucocytes were
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clumps in the ovary to foci in the
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Benoit (average of 20 to 32) and Ra
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When exposed to petroleum, marine m
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Petroleum Hydrocarbons RESULTS AND
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Concentration of aliphatic hydrocar
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Table 7 . Concentration of aliphati
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Date/Sample December 1980 (9) Table
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Table 10. Concentration of aromatic
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Higher molecular weight aromatics,
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Table 13. Concentration of aliphati
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Table 15 . Concentration of aliphat
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The hydrocarbon data demonstrate co
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Table 19. Hemolymph glucose concent
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Table 21. Concentrations of glycoge
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Table 24. Concentrations of free am
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Table 26. Concentration of free ami
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Table 27 Mean free taurine:glycine
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Table 29 • Concentration of free
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Table 31. Concentration of free ami
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Table 33. Mean free taurine: glycin
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A most interesting observation from
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Gardner, G.R. , 1975, Chemically- i
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Sinderman, C. J. , 1979, Pollution-
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In an other hand, some species, ini
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- le degre de destructuration et/ou
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INVENTAIRE SOMMAIRE DES SITUATIONS
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Situation 5) Territoires etrepes. S
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Code de la figure 6 Pas de changeme
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Figure 4. Marais 6-Etat en 1930 (le
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Figure 6. Marais 6- Distribution sp
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e. II n'en est pour preuve que 1' i
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V a. I i 1 1 Q- >
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a in 2 H U U C/l z as i r— —
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LTl to H U W to FTF t IV III I I I
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I r" I , l I CO U W CT 2 1 L. .__)
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De ce point de vue, des especes sto
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c/j Id Z z H w < CO K U w Q < H O H
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ces organes, done des effets a long
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REFERENCES Abbayes, H. des, G. Clau
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able to withstand 2 to 10 cm of oil
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Because we wanted to compare the ma
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FIGURE 4. Juncus maritimus. FIGURE
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J wk FIGURE 8. Plug type transplant
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FIGURE 12. Triglochin maritima. FIG
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FIGURE 14. Halimione portulacoides
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FIGURE 18. Surveying to determine t
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FIGURE 21. Site at lie Grande witho
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FIGURE 24. Puccinellia transplants
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Substrate RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Re
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TABLE 2. Number of transplants plan
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XLE ^ftflMae FIGURE 29. Map of stud
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FIGURE 31. Site for experimental pl
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Survival In September, 4 months aft
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TABLE 5. Survival of sprig type Hal
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TABLE 7. Cover of plug-type Puccine
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significantly below that of those s
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TABLE 9. Cover and survival of tran
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further consideration as a desirabl
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Response to Ref ertilization Analys
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FIGURE 42. Planting Puccinellia and
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Jfitjl i m-Jfc FIGURE 46. Experimen
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FIGURE 48. Site where Puccinellia t
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*& FIGURE 51 Sample Puccinellia pla
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FIGURE 55. Halimione sprigs being d
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FIGURE 58. Same experimental planti
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Although there was considerable var
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Ranwell, D. S. , 1968, Extent of da
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Les Chcn.iux Ccs scliorres sont dra
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ETUDES REALISEES DANS CES BIOTOPES
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SYNTHESE DES PRINCIPALS RESULTATS L
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Dl : Dans les couches plus profonde
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1° Une depollution se produit peu
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Devant les difficulties d' interpre
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CONCLUSIONS Nous avons essaye au co
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Eiotcpcs TAULKAU 4 EV0UT10N DtS CON
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TAMIJAU 3 HYUKOCARilURES DAKS LKS S
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B2 12-14 juia 79 1-2 avril 60 19-20
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J ", CI Ml) 3 o ex CO C I 4-1 0)
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150 - 100 - 50- 50- 50- t—t—i
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150 100 - 50- 150 - 100 — 50 c t"
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Marchand, M. et J. Roucache, 1981,
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INTRODUCTION Les nappes d'emulsion
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L'ensemble de la nouvelle canograph
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Le crabe Platyoni.cka6 latipei, (ca
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On peut estimer que les especes qui
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE Beauchamp P, 1914.
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Morphologie di 1 'escran Penneab
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465
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o o 467
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LU LU 469
Page 487 and 488:
o o 471
Page 489 and 490:
1 s
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475
Page 493:
1 5
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