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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES Atlas, R.M. et A. Bronner, 1981, Microbial hydrocarbon degradation within the intertidal zones impacted by the Amoco Cadiz oil spillage : in Amoco Cadiz. Fates and effects of the oil spill. Proc. Internat. Symposium. C.O.B. Brest (France) novembre 19-22, 1979, pp. 251-256. Butler, J.N. and E.M. Levy, 1978, Long term fate of petroleum hydrocarbons after spills. Compositional changes and microbial degradation : J. Fish. Res. Board Can., Vol. 35(5), pp. 604-605. Carter, N., 1933, A <strong>com</strong>parative study of the alga flora of two salt marshes : J. Ecol., Vol. 21, pp. 128-208, 385-403. Colwell, R.R., A.L. Mills, J.D. Walker, P. Garcia- Tello, et P.V. Campos, 1978, Microbial ecology studies of the Metula spill in the straits of Magellan : J. Fish. Res. Board Can., Vol. 35(5), pp. 573-580. Ducreux, J., et M. Marchand, 1981, Evolution des hydrocarbures presents dans les sediments de l'Aber Wrac'h, d'avril 1978 a juin 1979 : in Amoco Cadiz. Fates and effects of the oil spill. Proc. Internat. Symposium. C.O.B. Brest (France) novembre 19-22, 1979, pp. 175-216. Farrington, J.W., and B.W. Tripp, 1975, A <strong>com</strong>parison of analysis methods for hydrocarbons in surface sediments : in T.M. Church (ed.), Marine Chemistry in the Coastal Environments, Amer. Chem. Soc. Symp. Series n° 18, Washington, D.C., pp. 267-284. Fujisawa, H., M. Murakami, et T. Manabe, 1977, Ecological studies on hydrocarbons oxidizing bacteria in Japanese coastal waters. I. Some methods of enumeration of hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria : Bull. Jap. Soc. Sc. Fish., Vol. 43(6), pp. 659-668. Fujisawa, H., M. Masatada et M. Takehiko, 1978, Ecological studies on hydrocarbons oxidizing bacteria in the oil polluted areas caused by the Mizushima oil refinery accident (Seta Inland Sea) : Bull. Jap. Soc. Sc. Fish., Vol. 44(2), pp. 91-104. Giusti, G., E.J. Vincent, H.J.M. Dou, et R. Faure, 1979, Etude par RMN de la concentration et de la nature des hydrocarbures presents dans les sediments cotiers superficiels de l'lle des Embiez : La Vie Marine, 1, pp. 24-29. Han, J. and M. Calvin, 1969, Hydrocarbon distribution of algae and bacteria and microbiological activity in sediments : Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., Vol. 64(2), pp. 436-443. Lorenzen, C.J., 1967, Determination of chlorophyll and Pheo-pigments : Spectrophotometric equations : Limnol. Oceanogr., Vol. 12(2), pp. 343-346. 448
Marchand, M. et J. Roucache, 1981, Criteres de pollution par hydrocarbures dans les sediments mar ins . Etude appliquee a la pollution du "Bohlen" : Oceanol. Acta, Vol. 4(2), pp. 171-183. Plante-Cuny, M.R., 1974, Evaluation par spectrophotometrie des teneurs en chlorophylle a fonctionnelle et en pheopigments des substrats meubles marins : Doc.~Sci. Mission ORSTOM, Nosy-Be, Vol. 45, pp. 1-76. Plante-Cuny, M.R., T. Le Campion-Alsumard, et E. Vacelet, 1980, Influence de la pollution due a 1' Amoco Cadiz sur les peuplements bacteriens et microphytiques des marais maritimes de l'lle Grande, 2, Peuplements microphytiques : Amoco Cadiz. Fates and effects of the oil i_n spill, Proc. Internat. Symposium, C.O.B., Brest (France) novembre 19-22, 1979, pp. 429-442. in sea water : in E.K. Duursma and Saliot, A., 1981, Natural hydrocarbons R. Dawson (ed.), Marine Organic Chemistry, Amsterdam, pp. 327-374. Thompson, S. and G. Eglinton, 1979, The presence of pollutant hydrocarbons in estuarine epipelic diatom populations, II, Diatom slimes : Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, Vol. 8, pp. 75-86. Traxler, R.W., et J.H. Vandermeulen, 1981, Hydrocarbon -utilizing microbial potential in marsh, mudflat and sandy sediments from North Brittany : in Amoco Cadiz. Fates and effects of the oil spill. Proc. Internat. Symposium. C.O.B., Brest (France) november 19-22, 1979, pp. 243-249. Vacelet, E., T. Le Campion-Alsumard, et M.R. Plante-Cuny, 1981, Influence de la pollution due a 1' Amoco Cadiz sur les peuplements bacteriens et microphytiques des marais maritimes de l'lle Grande, 1, Peuplements bacteriens : _in Amoco Cadiz. Fates and effects of the oil spill. Proc. Internat. Symposium. C.O.B., Brest (France) november 19-22, 1979, pp. 415-428. Ward, D.M., 1981, Note de synthese. Microbial responses to Amoco Cadiz oil pollutants : in Amoco Cadiz. Fates and effects of the oil spill. Proc. Internat. Symposium. C.O.B., Brest (France) november 19-22, 1979, pp. 217-222. 449
Page 1 and 2:
Na/JA/CNfiXO 0
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ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE AMOCO CADIZ
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Preface TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Physic
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PREFACE At approximately 11:30 p.m.
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In November 1979, an international
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CNEXO-NOAA Joint Scientific Commiss
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MICROBIAL HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION W
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Chemical Hydrocarbon Analyses Perfo
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147, 156, 170, 178, 184, 192, 198,
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The microbial hydrocarbon biodegrad
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TABLE 7. Biodegradation of 9-methyl
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The detailed gas-chromatographic an
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TABLE 13. Hydrocarbon concentration
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TABLE 17. Hydrocarbon concentration
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TTTl n rrffl KMIIMCi WOU^I ! I .Dm.
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o z o 5- 3- UJ >4 UJ - cc 2- I ll F
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z o 4. 3_ 2- t- 1 _ < K o z o 1_ o
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CONCLUSIONS Microbial degradation a
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LIQUID 5AK?lE CCNTftit-'JGAriOH + F
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The saturated hydrocarbons were mos
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acteria of the genus Moraxella, ind
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2. CONTINUOUS CULTURES In continuou
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INTRODUCTION All fate and effects s
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2.1 Sediments and Sediment Cores (E
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TABLE 2. Focus of GC/MS analyses. S
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T.ssue Semoie S50 grams Wet) HI Dis
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ae = E3£\CE '.tC'-SSE S* -•* 3 S
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TABLE 3A. Weathering of AMOCO CADIZ
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fli-Liftim Mi.u".- i I 7 1 1 5 6 /
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3.2 Surface Sediments (Atlas, Unive
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_l I I I I I L_ a •BIOGENIC P •
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TABLE 6. Replication of hydrocarbon
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-I—i i i i i i i i—i—i—I t
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t i I hn I 94 n,, , i i I ABCOEFGHI
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C30BT:177ng g 1 * ? » I—I—I I
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marker compounds, the C3 dibenzothi
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TABLE 8. AMOCO CADIZ sediment sampl
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TABLE 11. St. Michel en Greve/Lanni
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TABLE 14. L'Aber Benoit GC/MS resul
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3.4 Sediment Cores (Ward, Montana S
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' TABLE 16. L'Aber Wrac h sediment
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!•[ 220 = f occEMeea 1979 AUGUST
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10 120 1000 no g 400 600 ALU ISO AL
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The AMC-4 cores appear dominated by
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3.5 Oysters and Plaice (Neff, Batte
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The GC traces for the impacted oyst
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m/e m/8 m/e Lja.i t: J b l| c I "II
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-* I I I I ABCDEFGH IJ K LMNOPQRSTU
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AROMA IK S SATURATES 4-1 FIGURE 3.7
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TABLE 20. AMOCO CADIZ chemistry pro
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TABLE 24. Results of ISTPM fish ana
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3.7 Seaweed and Sediments (Topinka,
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ma. w p FIGURE 3.81. HC-4-1 seaweed
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9) Oysters were initially heavily i
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STUDIES OF HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIO
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sample 1 - extraction (toluene meth
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TABLE 1. Hydrocarbon content of lie
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TABLE 3. Chromatographic analysis o
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1A _jiU' IB •JlIw '3 L Pr i 2A 2B
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CD o 0. - f 2104 "*. vli . ! i » -
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A IB A HC. SATURES S M C C [HiLJJL
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The relative contents of saturated
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31-03-78 22-11-78 20-06-79 17-1-80
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PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11- 78 F
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31-03-78 22-11-78 20 - 06 - 79 17-
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STATION 6 i—r 3400 3000 1600 31-0
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PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11-78 FP
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Photometry Detection (FPD) as well.
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1 r PIODUI7S F.ECUPEF.ES BRUT DECAN
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The chromatogram of the saturated h
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etween the end of March and early A
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certain chemical species which are
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It should be noted that a sample ta
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REFERENCES CITED Aminot, A., 1981,
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affected a very large section of th
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OIL POLLUTION IN THE WESTERN ENGLIS
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atio of more than 100 is an index o
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TABLE 4. Comparison between hydroca
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FIGURE 7. Sampling stations in the
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IBB 000,- HC CPPM] ib me. lass. 100
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would particular
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METHANE-PRODUCING BACTERIA POLYMERI
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AMOCO CAQiZ ® BE" 'LOUT U A8ER .^"
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and methanolic (f~) fractions for o
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14 99%) from New England Nuclear; n
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concentrations were extremely low (
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(A) Oiled Estuary Mudtiat cms " i l
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TABLE 3. Aromatic Hydrocarbons in B
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TABLE 4. 11 *C0 2 + 1
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IGO 3-6 cm slurry IGO 3-6cm slurry
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FRESH OIL hk UjlAdU-uJM^vA. i^w*XaA
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TABLE 7. Effect of AMOCO CADIZ Mous
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14 TABLE 10. Effect of Hydrocarbons
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pounds were, however, noted at dept
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effects of additional heavy oiling.
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Centre Nationale pour ' 1 Exploitat
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S^rensen, J., D. Christensen, and B
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REPONSES DES PEUPLEMENTS SUBTIDAUX
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Les nouvelles populations caracteri
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TABLEAU I. L' evolution des peuplem
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B Dui © ® Du 2 © Sf FIGURE 4. Ev
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populations initiales durant la pre
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vs w DU w VS/ FV W DU,B SHV W ' \ /
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Connell, J.H. et R.O. Slatyer, 1977
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Les unites cenotigues correspondant
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les peuplements de la baie de Morla
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R, E c a ~ a H CO 3 -> E ;j cu R. a
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-
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leurs du meme ordre qu'avant la pol
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N/m 10 10 10 10 • -* Cycle normal
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3.2.3.2) Peuplement des sables tres
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Richesse specifique (fig. 10) D'avr
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N.m-2 300^ 250 200- 150 100 50 -•
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propor tionnels aux quantities d'hy
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Den HARTOG, C. 8 R.E.W.H. JACOBS, 1
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ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE D'UNE POLLUTION
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I. Pump2 Pumpl HL_Q I § i I ,1 1 I
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3000 1500 1000 - FIGURE 2. Evolutio
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L'evolution des Copepodes harpactic
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La sensibilite de cet indice semble
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La biomasse est sensiblement plus f
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE Andrassy, I., 1956, D
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Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978, Macroben
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INTRODUCTION Dans le cadre du suivi
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Pigments chlorophylliens RESULTATS
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apparente en decembre 1978 et aout
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Pheo (vg/q ) Ca (pg/g) 5 5 to 15 \
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Les conditions meteorologiques (fac
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TABLEAU 2. Evolution temporelle des
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On peut aussi expliquer , du moins
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A Brouennou, quatre groupes ecologi
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un groupe de sabulicoles epi- et en
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schema des mecanismes regulateurs d
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Gargas , E., 1970, Measurement of p
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LONG-TERM IMPACT OF THE AMOCO CADIZ
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The first type is due to the direct
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RESULTS Tissues from 134 specimens
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Table I. Distribution of patholocie
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a. B o r— IT) —
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antenai, and longitudinal spiral ro
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epresented an inflammatory response
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lateral nuclei were present. The ci
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There was also some indication, bas
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This method, based on the glucose o
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Table 4 . Concentrations of total a
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Table 6 . Concentration of aliphati
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sediments which is dominated by hig
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Table 9 . Concentration of aromatic
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COn,pOUnd Table 11 . Concentration
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Table 12. Concentrations of total a
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. Table 14. Concentration of alipha
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Date/Sample April 1979 (13) Whole F
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Table 17 . Concentration of total l
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laboratory (Wardle, 1972). In the l
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Table 23. Concentration of ascorbic
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Table 25 • Concentration of free
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ange. Dominant tissue-free amino ac
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Table 28 Concentration of free amin
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Table 30. Concentration of free ami
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Table 32 . Concentration of free am
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oil-polluted Abers and from nearby
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REFERENCES CITED Anderson, J.W. , 1
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McCain, B.B., H.O. Hodgins, W.D. Gr
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RETABLISSEMENT NATUREL D'UNE VEGETA
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INTRODUCTION Le retablissement d'un
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Nous distinguerons alors les phases
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Situation 3) Territoires fortement
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Plus precisiment le codage correspo
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Figure 3. Marais 6-Etat en 1979 (le
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Figure 5. Marais 6-Etat en 1981 (le
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Commentaires Mis a. part un petit n
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- Marais 3. Ce transect, situe en m
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TRANSECT 'VVATS 5 Figure 8. Transec
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05 (11 O ; cd 00 i I i I i I I I I
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'igure 9 Transect permanent-Marais
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Commentaires - Estuaire de Kerlavos
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1 - appel a la notion de compositio
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Figure 12. T'orphologie comparee d'
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- les plantes survivantes -initiale
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General RESTORATION OF MARSH VEGETA
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FIGURE 1. Marsh west of the bridge
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1979 Plantings Based on our prelimi
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FIGURE 6. Digging Puccinellia along
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FIGURE 10. A 6.5-cm diameter soil a
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In September, we made 9 additional
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FIGURE 16. Creek bank without veget
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FIGURE 19. Eroding creek bank at He
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'^^Wr ./".#" -•: rst^ s8H.*r FIGU
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FIGURE 26. Experimental planting es
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Elevation All elevations are given
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FIGURE 27. Map of study area on nor
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Keri&vos FIGURE 30. Map of study ar
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^~~ -
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TABLE 4. Survival of two types of t
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area (12 m 2 ) , and was an excepti
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TABLE 8. Aboveground dry weight of
Page 414 and 415: ,^-^ FIGURE 37. Several 2-year old
Page 416 and 417: FIGURE 38. Experimental planting at
Page 418 and 419: fr J1MI FIGURE 40. Experimental pla
Page 420 and 421: Puccinellia were planted at one of
Page 422 and 423: FIGURE 44. Preliminary planting of
Page 424 and 425: Transplant Time Requirement It is d
Page 426 and 427: is about 540 cm^ or over 20 times t
Page 428 and 429: FIGURE 53. Plant shown in Figure 51
Page 430 and 431: FIGURE 56. Experimental planting of
Page 432 and 433: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Cooperation with o
Page 434 and 435: LITERATURE CITED Baker, J. M. , 197
Page 437 and 438: ETUDES MICROBIOLOGIQUES ET MICROPHY
Page 439 and 440: HMMME NTHWL SWIRLING SITES Referenc
Page 441 and 442: dans les chenaux (carottes de 30 a
Page 443 and 444: degres d'une part, et entre les sta
Page 445 and 446: Schorres peu polities, CI et Bl CI
Page 447 and 448: L'activite enzymatique dans cette s
Page 449 and 450: chenaux : Conclusions sur le biotop
Page 451 and 452: Les schorres Les schorres, par cont
Page 453 and 454: stations TABLEAU 2 IIYDROfARUUKES D
Page 455 and 456: Ci 1 12-14 )uiH 79 2-7 oct 79 23-25
Page 457: E •" * — lissMs .-*. K V- v..
Page 460 and 461: FIGURE 8 Evolution temporelle des c
Page 462 and 463: 150- 100 50- 150- 100- 50 446 *o
Page 467 and 468: 1964-1982, COMPARAISON QUANTITATIVE
Page 469 and 470: 453
Page 471 and 472: EFFETS DE LA MAREE NOIRE SUR LES PE
Page 473 and 474: ESPECES En 1980, on a pu cartograph
Page 475 and 476: 3- EVOLUTION GLOBALE II semble s'am
Page 478 and 479: COUREE DE L EVOLUTION DES BIOMASSES
Page 480 and 481: 464
Page 482 and 483: CO 00 466
Page 484 and 485: 468
Page 486 and 487: 470
Page 488 and 489: 472
Page 490 and 491: I s
Page 492 and 493: 476
Page 495: Q) 1
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