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McCain, B.B., H.O. Hodgins, W.D. Gronlund, J.W. Hawkes, D.W. Brown, M.S. Myers, and J.H. Vandermeulen , 1978, Bioavailability of crude oil from experimentally oiled sediments to English sole (Paropkrys vetulus) , and pathological consequences. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 35:657-667. McKeown, B.A. and G.L. March, 1978, The acute effect of bunker C oil and an oil dispersant on: 1 serum glucose, serum sodium and gill morphology in both freshwater and seawater acclimated rainbow trout (Salmo . gairdneri) Water Res. 12:157-163. Michel, P. and H. Grizel, 1979, Etude de-impact de la pollution petroliere de 1-Amooo Cadiz sur les huitres-Mars 1978/Avril 1979. CNEXO contract #78/5719. Centre Oceanologique de Bretagne. Brest, France. 32 pp. Neff, J.M., 1979, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment: sources, fates and biological effects. Applied Science Publishers. Barking Essex, England. 266 pp. Neff, J.M. and J.W. Anderson, 1981, Responses of marine animals to petroleum and specific petroleum hydrocarbons. Applied Science Publishers, Barking Essex, England. 177 pp. Neff, J.M., J.W. Anderson, B.A. Cox, R.B. Laughlin, Jr., S.S. Rossi, and H.E. Tatem, 1976a, Effects of petroleum on survival, respiration and growth of marine animals, pp. 515-539. In: Sources, Effects and Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment. Washington, D.C.: American Institute of Biological Sciences. Neff, J.M. , B.A. Cox, D. Dixit, and J.W. Anderson, 1976b, Accumulation and release of petroleum-derived aromatic hydrocarbons by four species of marine animals. Mar. Biol. 38: 279-289. Patten, B.G., 1977, Sublethal biological effects of petroleum hydrocarbon exposures: fish. pp. 319-336 In: D.C. Malins (ed.), Effects pf Petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic Marine Environments and Organisms. Vol. II. Biological Effects. New York: Academic Press. Roubal, W.T. and T.K. Collier, 1975, Spin-labeling techniques for studying mode of action of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms. Fish. Bull. 73:299-305. 326
Sinderman, C. J. , 1979, Pollution-associated diseases and abnormalities of fish and shellfish: a review. Fish. Bull. 76:717-749. Southward, A., 1978, Marine life and the Amoco Cadiz. New Scientist, 20 July 1978, 174-176. Spooner, M.F., 1978, Editorial introduction. Amoco Cadiz oil spill. Mar. Pollut. Bull., £:281-284. Thomas, P., M. Bally, and J.M. Neff, 1982, Ascorbic acid status of mullet, Mugil cephatus Linn, exposed to cadmium. J. Fish Biol. 20 (in press) . Thomas, P., R.S. Carr, and J.M. Neff, 1981, Biochemical stress responses of mullet Mugil cephatus and polychaete worms Neanthes vivens to pentachlorophenol. pp. 73-103. In: J. Vernberg, A. Calabrese, F.P. Thurberg, and W.B. Vernberg (eds.) Biological Monitoring of Marine Pollutants. New York: Academic Press. Thomas, P., B.R. Woodin, and J.M. Neff, 1980, Biochemical responses of striped mullet Mugil cephatus to oil exposure. I. Acute responsesinterrenal activation and secondary stress responses. Mar. Biol. 59:141-149. Varanasi, U. and D.C. Malins, 1977, Metabolism of petroleum hydrocarbons: accumulation and biotransformation in marine organisms, pp. 175- 270 In: D.C. Malins (ed.) Effects of Petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic Marine Environments and Organisms. Vol. II. Biological Effects. Academic Press, New York. Wardle, C.S., 1972, The changes in blood glucose in Pleuronectes platessa following capture from the wild: a stress reaction. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 52:635-651. Zannoni, V.C., M. Lynch, S. Goldstein, and P. Sato, 1974, A rapid micromethod for the determination of ascorbic acid in plasma and tissues. Biochem. Med. 11:41-48. 327
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Na/JA/CNfiXO 0
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ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE AMOCO CADIZ
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Preface TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Physic
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PREFACE At approximately 11:30 p.m.
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In November 1979, an international
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CNEXO-NOAA Joint Scientific Commiss
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MICROBIAL HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION W
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Chemical Hydrocarbon Analyses Perfo
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147, 156, 170, 178, 184, 192, 198,
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The microbial hydrocarbon biodegrad
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TABLE 7. Biodegradation of 9-methyl
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The detailed gas-chromatographic an
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TABLE 13. Hydrocarbon concentration
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TABLE 17. Hydrocarbon concentration
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TTTl n rrffl KMIIMCi WOU^I ! I .Dm.
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o z o 5- 3- UJ >4 UJ - cc 2- I ll F
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z o 4. 3_ 2- t- 1 _ < K o z o 1_ o
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CONCLUSIONS Microbial degradation a
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LIQUID 5AK?lE CCNTftit-'JGAriOH + F
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The saturated hydrocarbons were mos
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acteria of the genus Moraxella, ind
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2. CONTINUOUS CULTURES In continuou
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INTRODUCTION All fate and effects s
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2.1 Sediments and Sediment Cores (E
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TABLE 2. Focus of GC/MS analyses. S
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T.ssue Semoie S50 grams Wet) HI Dis
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ae = E3£\CE '.tC'-SSE S* -•* 3 S
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TABLE 3A. Weathering of AMOCO CADIZ
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fli-Liftim Mi.u".- i I 7 1 1 5 6 /
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3.2 Surface Sediments (Atlas, Unive
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_l I I I I I L_ a •BIOGENIC P •
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TABLE 6. Replication of hydrocarbon
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-I—i i i i i i i i—i—i—I t
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t i I hn I 94 n,, , i i I ABCOEFGHI
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C30BT:177ng g 1 * ? » I—I—I I
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marker compounds, the C3 dibenzothi
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TABLE 8. AMOCO CADIZ sediment sampl
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TABLE 11. St. Michel en Greve/Lanni
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TABLE 14. L'Aber Benoit GC/MS resul
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3.4 Sediment Cores (Ward, Montana S
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' TABLE 16. L'Aber Wrac h sediment
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!•[ 220 = f occEMeea 1979 AUGUST
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10 120 1000 no g 400 600 ALU ISO AL
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The AMC-4 cores appear dominated by
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3.5 Oysters and Plaice (Neff, Batte
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The GC traces for the impacted oyst
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m/e m/8 m/e Lja.i t: J b l| c I "II
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-* I I I I ABCDEFGH IJ K LMNOPQRSTU
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AROMA IK S SATURATES 4-1 FIGURE 3.7
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TABLE 20. AMOCO CADIZ chemistry pro
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TABLE 24. Results of ISTPM fish ana
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3.7 Seaweed and Sediments (Topinka,
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ma. w p FIGURE 3.81. HC-4-1 seaweed
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9) Oysters were initially heavily i
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STUDIES OF HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIO
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sample 1 - extraction (toluene meth
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TABLE 1. Hydrocarbon content of lie
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TABLE 3. Chromatographic analysis o
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1A _jiU' IB •JlIw '3 L Pr i 2A 2B
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CD o 0. - f 2104 "*. vli . ! i » -
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A IB A HC. SATURES S M C C [HiLJJL
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The relative contents of saturated
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31-03-78 22-11-78 20-06-79 17-1-80
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PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11- 78 F
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31-03-78 22-11-78 20 - 06 - 79 17-
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STATION 6 i—r 3400 3000 1600 31-0
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PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11-78 FP
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Photometry Detection (FPD) as well.
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1 r PIODUI7S F.ECUPEF.ES BRUT DECAN
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The chromatogram of the saturated h
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etween the end of March and early A
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certain chemical species which are
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It should be noted that a sample ta
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REFERENCES CITED Aminot, A., 1981,
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affected a very large section of th
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OIL POLLUTION IN THE WESTERN ENGLIS
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atio of more than 100 is an index o
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TABLE 4. Comparison between hydroca
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FIGURE 7. Sampling stations in the
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IBB 000,- HC CPPM] ib me. lass. 100
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would particular
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METHANE-PRODUCING BACTERIA POLYMERI
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AMOCO CAQiZ ® BE" 'LOUT U A8ER .^"
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and methanolic (f~) fractions for o
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14 99%) from New England Nuclear; n
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concentrations were extremely low (
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(A) Oiled Estuary Mudtiat cms " i l
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TABLE 3. Aromatic Hydrocarbons in B
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TABLE 4. 11 *C0 2 + 1
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IGO 3-6 cm slurry IGO 3-6cm slurry
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FRESH OIL hk UjlAdU-uJM^vA. i^w*XaA
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TABLE 7. Effect of AMOCO CADIZ Mous
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14 TABLE 10. Effect of Hydrocarbons
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pounds were, however, noted at dept
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effects of additional heavy oiling.
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Centre Nationale pour ' 1 Exploitat
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S^rensen, J., D. Christensen, and B
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REPONSES DES PEUPLEMENTS SUBTIDAUX
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Les nouvelles populations caracteri
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TABLEAU I. L' evolution des peuplem
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B Dui © ® Du 2 © Sf FIGURE 4. Ev
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populations initiales durant la pre
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vs w DU w VS/ FV W DU,B SHV W ' \ /
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Connell, J.H. et R.O. Slatyer, 1977
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Les unites cenotigues correspondant
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les peuplements de la baie de Morla
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R, E c a ~ a H CO 3 -> E ;j cu R. a
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-
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leurs du meme ordre qu'avant la pol
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N/m 10 10 10 10 • -* Cycle normal
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3.2.3.2) Peuplement des sables tres
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Richesse specifique (fig. 10) D'avr
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N.m-2 300^ 250 200- 150 100 50 -•
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propor tionnels aux quantities d'hy
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Den HARTOG, C. 8 R.E.W.H. JACOBS, 1
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ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE D'UNE POLLUTION
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I. Pump2 Pumpl HL_Q I § i I ,1 1 I
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3000 1500 1000 - FIGURE 2. Evolutio
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L'evolution des Copepodes harpactic
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La sensibilite de cet indice semble
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La biomasse est sensiblement plus f
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE Andrassy, I., 1956, D
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Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978, Macroben
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INTRODUCTION Dans le cadre du suivi
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Pigments chlorophylliens RESULTATS
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apparente en decembre 1978 et aout
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Pheo (vg/q ) Ca (pg/g) 5 5 to 15 \
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Les conditions meteorologiques (fac
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TABLEAU 2. Evolution temporelle des
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On peut aussi expliquer , du moins
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A Brouennou, quatre groupes ecologi
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un groupe de sabulicoles epi- et en
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schema des mecanismes regulateurs d
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Gargas , E., 1970, Measurement of p
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LONG-TERM IMPACT OF THE AMOCO CADIZ
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The first type is due to the direct
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RESULTS Tissues from 134 specimens
Page 291 and 292: Table I. Distribution of patholocie
Page 293 and 294: a. B o r— IT) —
Page 295 and 296: antenai, and longitudinal spiral ro
Page 297 and 298: epresented an inflammatory response
Page 299 and 300: lateral nuclei were present. The ci
Page 301 and 302: There was also some indication, bas
Page 303 and 304: This method, based on the glucose o
Page 305 and 306: Table 4 . Concentrations of total a
Page 307 and 308: Table 6 . Concentration of aliphati
Page 309 and 310: sediments which is dominated by hig
Page 311 and 312: Table 9 . Concentration of aromatic
Page 313 and 314: COn,pOUnd Table 11 . Concentration
Page 315 and 316: Table 12. Concentrations of total a
Page 317 and 318: . Table 14. Concentration of alipha
Page 319 and 320: Date/Sample April 1979 (13) Whole F
Page 321 and 322: Table 17 . Concentration of total l
Page 323 and 324: laboratory (Wardle, 1972). In the l
Page 326 and 327: Table 23. Concentration of ascorbic
Page 328 and 329: Table 25 • Concentration of free
Page 330 and 331: ange. Dominant tissue-free amino ac
Page 332 and 333: Table 28 Concentration of free amin
Page 334 and 335: Table 30. Concentration of free ami
Page 336 and 337: Table 32 . Concentration of free am
Page 338 and 339: oil-polluted Abers and from nearby
Page 340 and 341: REFERENCES CITED Anderson, J.W. , 1
Page 345 and 346: RETABLISSEMENT NATUREL D'UNE VEGETA
Page 347 and 348: INTRODUCTION Le retablissement d'un
Page 349 and 350: Nous distinguerons alors les phases
Page 351 and 352: Situation 3) Territoires fortement
Page 353 and 354: Plus precisiment le codage correspo
Page 356 and 357: Figure 3. Marais 6-Etat en 1979 (le
Page 358 and 359: Figure 5. Marais 6-Etat en 1981 (le
Page 360 and 361: Commentaires Mis a. part un petit n
Page 362 and 363: - Marais 3. Ce transect, situe en m
Page 364 and 365: TRANSECT 'VVATS 5 Figure 8. Transec
Page 366 and 367: 05 (11 O ; cd 00 i I i I i I I I I
Page 368 and 369: 'igure 9 Transect permanent-Marais
Page 370 and 371: Commentaires - Estuaire de Kerlavos
Page 372: 1 - appel a la notion de compositio
Page 375 and 376: Figure 12. T'orphologie comparee d'
Page 377 and 378: - les plantes survivantes -initiale
Page 379 and 380: General RESTORATION OF MARSH VEGETA
Page 381 and 382: FIGURE 1. Marsh west of the bridge
Page 383 and 384: 1979 Plantings Based on our prelimi
Page 385 and 386: FIGURE 6. Digging Puccinellia along
Page 387 and 388: FIGURE 10. A 6.5-cm diameter soil a
Page 389 and 390: In September, we made 9 additional
Page 391 and 392: FIGURE 16. Creek bank without veget
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FIGURE 19. Eroding creek bank at He
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'^^Wr ./".#" -•: rst^ s8H.*r FIGU
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FIGURE 26. Experimental planting es
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Elevation All elevations are given
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FIGURE 27. Map of study area on nor
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Keri&vos FIGURE 30. Map of study ar
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^~~ -
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TABLE 4. Survival of two types of t
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area (12 m 2 ) , and was an excepti
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TABLE 8. Aboveground dry weight of
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,^-^ FIGURE 37. Several 2-year old
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FIGURE 38. Experimental planting at
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fr J1MI FIGURE 40. Experimental pla
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Puccinellia were planted at one of
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FIGURE 44. Preliminary planting of
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Transplant Time Requirement It is d
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is about 540 cm^ or over 20 times t
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FIGURE 53. Plant shown in Figure 51
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FIGURE 56. Experimental planting of
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Cooperation with o
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LITERATURE CITED Baker, J. M. , 197
Page 437 and 438:
ETUDES MICROBIOLOGIQUES ET MICROPHY
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HMMME NTHWL SWIRLING SITES Referenc
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dans les chenaux (carottes de 30 a
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degres d'une part, et entre les sta
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Schorres peu polities, CI et Bl CI
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L'activite enzymatique dans cette s
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chenaux : Conclusions sur le biotop
Page 451 and 452:
Les schorres Les schorres, par cont
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stations TABLEAU 2 IIYDROfARUUKES D
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Ci 1 12-14 )uiH 79 2-7 oct 79 23-25
Page 457:
E •" * — lissMs .-*. K V- v..
Page 460 and 461:
FIGURE 8 Evolution temporelle des c
Page 462 and 463:
150- 100 50- 150- 100- 50 446 *o
Page 464 and 465:
REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES Atlas,
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1964-1982, COMPARAISON QUANTITATIVE
Page 469 and 470:
453
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EFFETS DE LA MAREE NOIRE SUR LES PE
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ESPECES En 1980, on a pu cartograph
Page 475 and 476:
3- EVOLUTION GLOBALE II semble s'am
Page 478 and 479:
COUREE DE L EVOLUTION DES BIOMASSES
Page 480 and 481:
464
Page 482 and 483:
CO 00 466
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468
Page 486 and 487:
470
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472
Page 490 and 491:
I s
Page 492 and 493:
476
Page 495:
Q) 1
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