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The microbial hydrocarbon biodegradation potential measurements showed that following the AMOCO CADIZ oil spillage, indigenous microbial populations in the sediment at all sampling sites were capable of degrading both aliphatic and aromatic <strong>com</strong>ponents of crude oil (Tables 4-8). The variability in the results is not indicated in these tables, but the standard error was less than 4% for the percentage degraded and less than 10% for the percentage mineralized in all cases. The biodegradation potentials indicated that n-alkanes were preferentially degraded and that pristane was degraded at approximately half the rate of n-hexadecane. For aliphatic hydrocarbons approximately 30% of the amount of hydrocarbon biodegraded was converted to C0„ (mineralized) . Methodological difficulties in handling naphthalene made it difficult to assess the true extent of biodegradation for this <strong>com</strong>pound. It is apparent, though, that the indigenous microbial populations were capable of degrading light aromatic hydrocarbons. The rates of degradation of the 3- and 4-ringed polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were lower than for branched and straight chained aliphatic hydrocarbons. In the case of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, a very low proportion of the amount of hydrocarbon degraded was converted to CO . TABLE 4. Hexadecane biodegradation showing % degraded and (% mineralized). Site 12-78 3-79 8-79 11-79 3-80 7-80 6-81 10 1 40 41 21 17 10 25 17 (8)
TABLE 5. Pristane biodegradation showing % degraded and (% mineralized). Site 12-78 3-79 8-79 11-79 3-80 7-80 6-81 1
Page 1 and 2: Na/JA/CNfiXO 0
Page 3 and 4: ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE AMOCO CADIZ
Page 5 and 6: Preface TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Physic
Page 7 and 8: PREFACE At approximately 11:30 p.m.
Page 9 and 10: In November 1979, an international
Page 11: CNEXO-NOAA Joint Scientific Commiss
Page 15: MICROBIAL HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION W
Page 18 and 19: Chemical Hydrocarbon Analyses Perfo
Page 20 and 21: 147, 156, 170, 178, 184, 192, 198,
Page 24 and 25: TABLE 7. Biodegradation of 9-methyl
Page 26 and 27: The detailed gas-chromatographic an
Page 28 and 29: TABLE 13. Hydrocarbon concentration
Page 30: TABLE 17. Hydrocarbon concentration
Page 33 and 34: TTTl n rrffl KMIIMCi WOU^I ! I .Dm.
Page 35 and 36: o z o 5- 3- UJ >4 UJ - cc 2- I ll F
Page 37 and 38: z o 4. 3_ 2- t- 1 _ < K o z o 1_ o
Page 39: CONCLUSIONS Microbial degradation a
Page 42 and 43: LIQUID 5AK?lE CCNTftit-'JGAriOH + F
Page 44 and 45: The saturated hydrocarbons were mos
Page 46 and 47: acteria of the genus Moraxella, ind
Page 48 and 49: 2. CONTINUOUS CULTURES In continuou
Page 50 and 51: INTRODUCTION All fate and effects s
Page 52 and 53: 2.1 Sediments and Sediment Cores (E
Page 54 and 55: TABLE 2. Focus of GC/MS analyses. S
Page 56 and 57: T.ssue Semoie S50 grams Wet) HI Dis
Page 58 and 59: ae = E3£\CE '.tC'-SSE S* -•* 3 S
Page 60 and 61: TABLE 3A. Weathering of AMOCO CADIZ
Page 62 and 63: fli-Liftim Mi.u".- i I 7 1 1 5 6 /
Page 64 and 65: 3.2 Surface Sediments (Atlas, Unive
Page 66 and 67: _l I I I I I L_ a •BIOGENIC P •
Page 68 and 69: TABLE 6. Replication of hydrocarbon
Page 70 and 71: -I—i i i i i i i i—i—i—I t
Page 72 and 73:
t i I hn I 94 n,, , i i I ABCOEFGHI
Page 74 and 75:
C30BT:177ng g 1 * ? » I—I—I I
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marker compounds, the C3 dibenzothi
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TABLE 8. AMOCO CADIZ sediment sampl
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TABLE 11. St. Michel en Greve/Lanni
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TABLE 14. L'Aber Benoit GC/MS resul
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3.4 Sediment Cores (Ward, Montana S
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' TABLE 16. L'Aber Wrac h sediment
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!•[ 220 = f occEMeea 1979 AUGUST
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10 120 1000 no g 400 600 ALU ISO AL
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The AMC-4 cores appear dominated by
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3.5 Oysters and Plaice (Neff, Batte
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The GC traces for the impacted oyst
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m/e m/8 m/e Lja.i t: J b l| c I "II
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-* I I I I ABCDEFGH IJ K LMNOPQRSTU
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AROMA IK S SATURATES 4-1 FIGURE 3.7
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TABLE 20. AMOCO CADIZ chemistry pro
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TABLE 24. Results of ISTPM fish ana
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3.7 Seaweed and Sediments (Topinka,
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ma. w p FIGURE 3.81. HC-4-1 seaweed
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9) Oysters were initially heavily i
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STUDIES OF HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIO
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sample 1 - extraction (toluene meth
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TABLE 1. Hydrocarbon content of lie
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TABLE 3. Chromatographic analysis o
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1A _jiU' IB •JlIw '3 L Pr i 2A 2B
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CD o 0. - f 2104 "*. vli . ! i » -
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A IB A HC. SATURES S M C C [HiLJJL
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The relative contents of saturated
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31-03-78 22-11-78 20-06-79 17-1-80
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PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11- 78 F
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31-03-78 22-11-78 20 - 06 - 79 17-
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STATION 6 i—r 3400 3000 1600 31-0
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PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11-78 FP
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Photometry Detection (FPD) as well.
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1 r PIODUI7S F.ECUPEF.ES BRUT DECAN
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The chromatogram of the saturated h
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etween the end of March and early A
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certain chemical species which are
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It should be noted that a sample ta
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REFERENCES CITED Aminot, A., 1981,
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affected a very large section of th
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OIL POLLUTION IN THE WESTERN ENGLIS
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atio of more than 100 is an index o
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TABLE 4. Comparison between hydroca
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FIGURE 7. Sampling stations in the
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IBB 000,- HC CPPM] ib me. lass. 100
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would particular
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METHANE-PRODUCING BACTERIA POLYMERI
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AMOCO CAQiZ ® BE" 'LOUT U A8ER .^"
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and methanolic (f~) fractions for o
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14 99%) from New England Nuclear; n
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concentrations were extremely low (
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(A) Oiled Estuary Mudtiat cms " i l
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TABLE 3. Aromatic Hydrocarbons in B
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TABLE 4. 11 *C0 2 + 1
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IGO 3-6 cm slurry IGO 3-6cm slurry
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FRESH OIL hk UjlAdU-uJM^vA. i^w*XaA
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TABLE 7. Effect of AMOCO CADIZ Mous
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14 TABLE 10. Effect of Hydrocarbons
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pounds were, however, noted at dept
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effects of additional heavy oiling.
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Centre Nationale pour ' 1 Exploitat
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S^rensen, J., D. Christensen, and B
Page 207 and 208:
REPONSES DES PEUPLEMENTS SUBTIDAUX
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Les nouvelles populations caracteri
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TABLEAU I. L' evolution des peuplem
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B Dui © ® Du 2 © Sf FIGURE 4. Ev
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populations initiales durant la pre
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vs w DU w VS/ FV W DU,B SHV W ' \ /
Page 219:
Connell, J.H. et R.O. Slatyer, 1977
Page 222 and 223:
Les unites cenotigues correspondant
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les peuplements de la baie de Morla
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R, E c a ~ a H CO 3 -> E ;j cu R. a
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-
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leurs du meme ordre qu'avant la pol
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N/m 10 10 10 10 • -* Cycle normal
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3.2.3.2) Peuplement des sables tres
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Richesse specifique (fig. 10) D'avr
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N.m-2 300^ 250 200- 150 100 50 -•
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propor tionnels aux quantities d'hy
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Den HARTOG, C. 8 R.E.W.H. JACOBS, 1
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ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE D'UNE POLLUTION
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I. Pump2 Pumpl HL_Q I § i I ,1 1 I
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3000 1500 1000 - FIGURE 2. Evolutio
Page 251 and 252:
L'evolution des Copepodes harpactic
Page 253 and 254:
La sensibilite de cet indice semble
Page 255 and 256:
La biomasse est sensiblement plus f
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE Andrassy, I., 1956, D
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Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978, Macroben
Page 262 and 263:
INTRODUCTION Dans le cadre du suivi
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Pigments chlorophylliens RESULTATS
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apparente en decembre 1978 et aout
Page 268 and 269:
Pheo (vg/q ) Ca (pg/g) 5 5 to 15 \
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Les conditions meteorologiques (fac
Page 272 and 273:
TABLEAU 2. Evolution temporelle des
Page 274 and 275:
On peut aussi expliquer , du moins
Page 276 and 277:
A Brouennou, quatre groupes ecologi
Page 278 and 279:
un groupe de sabulicoles epi- et en
Page 280 and 281:
schema des mecanismes regulateurs d
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Gargas , E., 1970, Measurement of p
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LONG-TERM IMPACT OF THE AMOCO CADIZ
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The first type is due to the direct
Page 289 and 290:
RESULTS Tissues from 134 specimens
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Table I. Distribution of patholocie
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a. B o r— IT) —
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antenai, and longitudinal spiral ro
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epresented an inflammatory response
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lateral nuclei were present. The ci
Page 301 and 302:
There was also some indication, bas
Page 303 and 304:
This method, based on the glucose o
Page 305 and 306:
Table 4 . Concentrations of total a
Page 307 and 308:
Table 6 . Concentration of aliphati
Page 309 and 310:
sediments which is dominated by hig
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Table 9 . Concentration of aromatic
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COn,pOUnd Table 11 . Concentration
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Table 12. Concentrations of total a
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. Table 14. Concentration of alipha
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Date/Sample April 1979 (13) Whole F
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Table 17 . Concentration of total l
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laboratory (Wardle, 1972). In the l
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Table 23. Concentration of ascorbic
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Table 25 • Concentration of free
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ange. Dominant tissue-free amino ac
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Table 28 Concentration of free amin
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Table 30. Concentration of free ami
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Table 32 . Concentration of free am
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oil-polluted Abers and from nearby
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REFERENCES CITED Anderson, J.W. , 1
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McCain, B.B., H.O. Hodgins, W.D. Gr
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RETABLISSEMENT NATUREL D'UNE VEGETA
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INTRODUCTION Le retablissement d'un
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Nous distinguerons alors les phases
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Situation 3) Territoires fortement
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Plus precisiment le codage correspo
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Figure 3. Marais 6-Etat en 1979 (le
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Figure 5. Marais 6-Etat en 1981 (le
Page 360 and 361:
Commentaires Mis a. part un petit n
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- Marais 3. Ce transect, situe en m
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TRANSECT 'VVATS 5 Figure 8. Transec
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05 (11 O ; cd 00 i I i I i I I I I
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'igure 9 Transect permanent-Marais
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Commentaires - Estuaire de Kerlavos
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1 - appel a la notion de compositio
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Figure 12. T'orphologie comparee d'
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- les plantes survivantes -initiale
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General RESTORATION OF MARSH VEGETA
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FIGURE 1. Marsh west of the bridge
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1979 Plantings Based on our prelimi
Page 385 and 386:
FIGURE 6. Digging Puccinellia along
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FIGURE 10. A 6.5-cm diameter soil a
Page 389 and 390:
In September, we made 9 additional
Page 391 and 392:
FIGURE 16. Creek bank without veget
Page 393 and 394:
FIGURE 19. Eroding creek bank at He
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'^^Wr ./".#" -•: rst^ s8H.*r FIGU
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FIGURE 26. Experimental planting es
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Elevation All elevations are given
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FIGURE 27. Map of study area on nor
Page 404 and 405:
Keri&vos FIGURE 30. Map of study ar
Page 406 and 407:
^~~ -
Page 408 and 409:
TABLE 4. Survival of two types of t
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area (12 m 2 ) , and was an excepti
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TABLE 8. Aboveground dry weight of
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,^-^ FIGURE 37. Several 2-year old
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FIGURE 38. Experimental planting at
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fr J1MI FIGURE 40. Experimental pla
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Puccinellia were planted at one of
Page 422 and 423:
FIGURE 44. Preliminary planting of
Page 424 and 425:
Transplant Time Requirement It is d
Page 426 and 427:
is about 540 cm^ or over 20 times t
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FIGURE 53. Plant shown in Figure 51
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FIGURE 56. Experimental planting of
Page 432 and 433:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Cooperation with o
Page 434 and 435:
LITERATURE CITED Baker, J. M. , 197
Page 437 and 438:
ETUDES MICROBIOLOGIQUES ET MICROPHY
Page 439 and 440:
HMMME NTHWL SWIRLING SITES Referenc
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dans les chenaux (carottes de 30 a
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degres d'une part, et entre les sta
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Schorres peu polities, CI et Bl CI
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L'activite enzymatique dans cette s
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chenaux : Conclusions sur le biotop
Page 451 and 452:
Les schorres Les schorres, par cont
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stations TABLEAU 2 IIYDROfARUUKES D
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Ci 1 12-14 )uiH 79 2-7 oct 79 23-25
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E •" * — lissMs .-*. K V- v..
Page 460 and 461:
FIGURE 8 Evolution temporelle des c
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150- 100 50- 150- 100- 50 446 *o
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES Atlas,
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1964-1982, COMPARAISON QUANTITATIVE
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453
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EFFETS DE LA MAREE NOIRE SUR LES PE
Page 473 and 474:
ESPECES En 1980, on a pu cartograph
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3- EVOLUTION GLOBALE II semble s'am
Page 478 and 479:
COUREE DE L EVOLUTION DES BIOMASSES
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464
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CO 00 466
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468
Page 486 and 487:
470
Page 488 and 489:
472
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I s
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476
Page 495:
Q) 1
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