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ange. Dominant tissue-free amino acids in all samples were taurine (TAU) , glycine (GLY) , proline (PRO) and alanine (ALA) . In all samples from all collections and stations, taurine concentration was maintained nearly constant (range of means, 57.4 - 68.7 uM/g wet weight). There was a trend for glycine a.nd asp ar tic acid concentrations to be lower in adductors of oysters from the two oil-contaminated Abers than in adductors of reference oysters. The result was that free taurine :glycine molar ratios (a recommended index of pollutant stress) were significantly higher in adductor muscles of oysters from Aber Benoit and Aber Wrac'h than in adductors of reference oysters in all but one instance (Table 27). Jefferies (1972) has suggested that taurine:glycine ratios higher than about 2.0 in mollusc tissues may be a good index of stress. As indicated above, the high taurine: glycine ratios are attributed almost exclusively to a decrease in free glycine concentration. This, in turn, may be attributed to poorer nutritional status or altered patterns of amino acid metabolism in oil-stressed oysters. Similar patterns were observed in free amino acid profiles and concentrations in skeletal muscle of plaice (Table 28-32). Total free amino acid concentrations were much lower in plaice muscle than in oyster muscle, reflecting the well-developed capability of plaice to regulate body fluid concentration hypoosmotic to the ambient seawater medium. As in oyster muscle, taurine, glycine and alanine were the dominant free amino acids in plaice muscle. Concentrations of several free amino acids were statistically significantly different in muscle of plaice from Aber Benoit and/or Aber Wrac'h than in muscle of reference plaice. However, there was no consistent pattern of change. Free glycine concentration was lower in muscle of plaice from the Abers than in muscle of plaice from reference stations in December 1978 and August 1979. In February and June 1980, free taurine concentration in muscle of Aber Wrac'h plaice was lower than in muscle of reference fish. In February 1980, it was higher. Despite these as yet unexplained variations, in seven out of nine cases where comparative data were available, mean free taurine: glycine molar ratios in muscle of plaice from Aber Benoit and Aber Wrac'h were statistically significantly different from ratios in muscle of reference fish (Table 33) . Because of seasonal variations in free taurine: glycine ratios in muscle tissue of oysters and plaice, it is important when using this parameter as an index of stress to compare values for pollutant- impacted and reference animals collected at the same time from nearby locations. Several biochemical parameters were evaluated as potential indices of pollutant stress in oysters and plaice from oil-contaminated Aber Benoit and Aber Wrac'h. Values of some of these parameters were statistically significantly different in populations from the 314
Table 27 Mean free taurine:glycine molar ratios in adductor muscle of oysters Crassostrea gigas from reference stations (Rade de Brest or lie Tudy) and from oil-contaminated estuaries (Aber Benoit and Aber Wrac'h). Seven replicate samples from each station were analyzed. Station Dec 1978(9) a Sampling Date April 1979(13) July 1979(16) Reference 0.93 2.05 1.51 Aber Benoit 2.25* 2.51 NS Aber Wrac'h 2.41* 2.51* 2.42* *. significantly different from reference sample at a = 0.05. NS, no sample analyzed. a ' months after the Amoao Cadiz oil spill, 16 March 1978. 315
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Na/JA/CNfiXO 0
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ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE AMOCO CADIZ
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Preface TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Physic
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PREFACE At approximately 11:30 p.m.
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In November 1979, an international
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CNEXO-NOAA Joint Scientific Commiss
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MICROBIAL HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION W
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Chemical Hydrocarbon Analyses Perfo
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147, 156, 170, 178, 184, 192, 198,
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The microbial hydrocarbon biodegrad
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TABLE 7. Biodegradation of 9-methyl
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The detailed gas-chromatographic an
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TABLE 13. Hydrocarbon concentration
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TABLE 17. Hydrocarbon concentration
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TTTl n rrffl KMIIMCi WOU^I ! I .Dm.
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o z o 5- 3- UJ >4 UJ - cc 2- I ll F
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z o 4. 3_ 2- t- 1 _ < K o z o 1_ o
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CONCLUSIONS Microbial degradation a
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LIQUID 5AK?lE CCNTftit-'JGAriOH + F
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The saturated hydrocarbons were mos
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acteria of the genus Moraxella, ind
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2. CONTINUOUS CULTURES In continuou
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INTRODUCTION All fate and effects s
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2.1 Sediments and Sediment Cores (E
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TABLE 2. Focus of GC/MS analyses. S
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T.ssue Semoie S50 grams Wet) HI Dis
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ae = E3£\CE '.tC'-SSE S* -•* 3 S
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TABLE 3A. Weathering of AMOCO CADIZ
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fli-Liftim Mi.u".- i I 7 1 1 5 6 /
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3.2 Surface Sediments (Atlas, Unive
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_l I I I I I L_ a •BIOGENIC P •
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TABLE 6. Replication of hydrocarbon
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-I—i i i i i i i i—i—i—I t
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t i I hn I 94 n,, , i i I ABCOEFGHI
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C30BT:177ng g 1 * ? » I—I—I I
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marker compounds, the C3 dibenzothi
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TABLE 8. AMOCO CADIZ sediment sampl
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TABLE 11. St. Michel en Greve/Lanni
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TABLE 14. L'Aber Benoit GC/MS resul
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3.4 Sediment Cores (Ward, Montana S
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' TABLE 16. L'Aber Wrac h sediment
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!•[ 220 = f occEMeea 1979 AUGUST
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10 120 1000 no g 400 600 ALU ISO AL
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The AMC-4 cores appear dominated by
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3.5 Oysters and Plaice (Neff, Batte
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The GC traces for the impacted oyst
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m/e m/8 m/e Lja.i t: J b l| c I "II
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-* I I I I ABCDEFGH IJ K LMNOPQRSTU
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AROMA IK S SATURATES 4-1 FIGURE 3.7
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TABLE 20. AMOCO CADIZ chemistry pro
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TABLE 24. Results of ISTPM fish ana
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3.7 Seaweed and Sediments (Topinka,
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ma. w p FIGURE 3.81. HC-4-1 seaweed
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9) Oysters were initially heavily i
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STUDIES OF HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIO
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sample 1 - extraction (toluene meth
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TABLE 1. Hydrocarbon content of lie
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TABLE 3. Chromatographic analysis o
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1A _jiU' IB •JlIw '3 L Pr i 2A 2B
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CD o 0. - f 2104 "*. vli . ! i » -
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A IB A HC. SATURES S M C C [HiLJJL
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The relative contents of saturated
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31-03-78 22-11-78 20-06-79 17-1-80
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PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11- 78 F
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31-03-78 22-11-78 20 - 06 - 79 17-
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STATION 6 i—r 3400 3000 1600 31-0
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PORTSALL 23-3-78 FPD AW 22-11-78 FP
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Photometry Detection (FPD) as well.
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1 r PIODUI7S F.ECUPEF.ES BRUT DECAN
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The chromatogram of the saturated h
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etween the end of March and early A
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certain chemical species which are
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It should be noted that a sample ta
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REFERENCES CITED Aminot, A., 1981,
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affected a very large section of th
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OIL POLLUTION IN THE WESTERN ENGLIS
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atio of more than 100 is an index o
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TABLE 4. Comparison between hydroca
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FIGURE 7. Sampling stations in the
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IBB 000,- HC CPPM] ib me. lass. 100
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would particular
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METHANE-PRODUCING BACTERIA POLYMERI
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AMOCO CAQiZ ® BE" 'LOUT U A8ER .^"
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and methanolic (f~) fractions for o
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14 99%) from New England Nuclear; n
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concentrations were extremely low (
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(A) Oiled Estuary Mudtiat cms " i l
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TABLE 3. Aromatic Hydrocarbons in B
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TABLE 4. 11 *C0 2 + 1
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IGO 3-6 cm slurry IGO 3-6cm slurry
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FRESH OIL hk UjlAdU-uJM^vA. i^w*XaA
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TABLE 7. Effect of AMOCO CADIZ Mous
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14 TABLE 10. Effect of Hydrocarbons
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pounds were, however, noted at dept
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effects of additional heavy oiling.
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Centre Nationale pour ' 1 Exploitat
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S^rensen, J., D. Christensen, and B
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REPONSES DES PEUPLEMENTS SUBTIDAUX
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Les nouvelles populations caracteri
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TABLEAU I. L' evolution des peuplem
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B Dui © ® Du 2 © Sf FIGURE 4. Ev
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populations initiales durant la pre
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vs w DU w VS/ FV W DU,B SHV W ' \ /
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Connell, J.H. et R.O. Slatyer, 1977
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Les unites cenotigues correspondant
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les peuplements de la baie de Morla
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R, E c a ~ a H CO 3 -> E ;j cu R. a
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-
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leurs du meme ordre qu'avant la pol
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N/m 10 10 10 10 • -* Cycle normal
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3.2.3.2) Peuplement des sables tres
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Richesse specifique (fig. 10) D'avr
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N.m-2 300^ 250 200- 150 100 50 -•
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propor tionnels aux quantities d'hy
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Den HARTOG, C. 8 R.E.W.H. JACOBS, 1
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ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE D'UNE POLLUTION
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I. Pump2 Pumpl HL_Q I § i I ,1 1 I
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3000 1500 1000 - FIGURE 2. Evolutio
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L'evolution des Copepodes harpactic
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La sensibilite de cet indice semble
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La biomasse est sensiblement plus f
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE Andrassy, I., 1956, D
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Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978, Macroben
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INTRODUCTION Dans le cadre du suivi
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Pigments chlorophylliens RESULTATS
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apparente en decembre 1978 et aout
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Pheo (vg/q ) Ca (pg/g) 5 5 to 15 \
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Les conditions meteorologiques (fac
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TABLEAU 2. Evolution temporelle des
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On peut aussi expliquer , du moins
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A Brouennou, quatre groupes ecologi
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un groupe de sabulicoles epi- et en
Page 280 and 281: schema des mecanismes regulateurs d
Page 282 and 283: Gargas , E., 1970, Measurement of p
Page 285 and 286: LONG-TERM IMPACT OF THE AMOCO CADIZ
Page 287 and 288: The first type is due to the direct
Page 289 and 290: RESULTS Tissues from 134 specimens
Page 291 and 292: Table I. Distribution of patholocie
Page 293 and 294: a. B o r— IT) —
Page 295 and 296: antenai, and longitudinal spiral ro
Page 297 and 298: epresented an inflammatory response
Page 299 and 300: lateral nuclei were present. The ci
Page 301 and 302: There was also some indication, bas
Page 303 and 304: This method, based on the glucose o
Page 305 and 306: Table 4 . Concentrations of total a
Page 307 and 308: Table 6 . Concentration of aliphati
Page 309 and 310: sediments which is dominated by hig
Page 311 and 312: Table 9 . Concentration of aromatic
Page 313 and 314: COn,pOUnd Table 11 . Concentration
Page 315 and 316: Table 12. Concentrations of total a
Page 317 and 318: . Table 14. Concentration of alipha
Page 319 and 320: Date/Sample April 1979 (13) Whole F
Page 321 and 322: Table 17 . Concentration of total l
Page 323 and 324: laboratory (Wardle, 1972). In the l
Page 326 and 327: Table 23. Concentration of ascorbic
Page 328 and 329: Table 25 • Concentration of free
Page 332 and 333: Table 28 Concentration of free amin
Page 334 and 335: Table 30. Concentration of free ami
Page 336 and 337: Table 32 . Concentration of free am
Page 338 and 339: oil-polluted Abers and from nearby
Page 340 and 341: REFERENCES CITED Anderson, J.W. , 1
Page 342 and 343: McCain, B.B., H.O. Hodgins, W.D. Gr
Page 345 and 346: RETABLISSEMENT NATUREL D'UNE VEGETA
Page 347 and 348: INTRODUCTION Le retablissement d'un
Page 349 and 350: Nous distinguerons alors les phases
Page 351 and 352: Situation 3) Territoires fortement
Page 353 and 354: Plus precisiment le codage correspo
Page 356 and 357: Figure 3. Marais 6-Etat en 1979 (le
Page 358 and 359: Figure 5. Marais 6-Etat en 1981 (le
Page 360 and 361: Commentaires Mis a. part un petit n
Page 362 and 363: - Marais 3. Ce transect, situe en m
Page 364 and 365: TRANSECT 'VVATS 5 Figure 8. Transec
Page 366 and 367: 05 (11 O ; cd 00 i I i I i I I I I
Page 368 and 369: 'igure 9 Transect permanent-Marais
Page 370 and 371: Commentaires - Estuaire de Kerlavos
Page 372: 1 - appel a la notion de compositio
Page 375 and 376: Figure 12. T'orphologie comparee d'
Page 377 and 378: - les plantes survivantes -initiale
Page 379 and 380: General RESTORATION OF MARSH VEGETA
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FIGURE 1. Marsh west of the bridge
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1979 Plantings Based on our prelimi
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FIGURE 6. Digging Puccinellia along
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FIGURE 10. A 6.5-cm diameter soil a
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In September, we made 9 additional
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FIGURE 16. Creek bank without veget
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FIGURE 19. Eroding creek bank at He
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'^^Wr ./".#" -•: rst^ s8H.*r FIGU
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FIGURE 26. Experimental planting es
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Elevation All elevations are given
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FIGURE 27. Map of study area on nor
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Keri&vos FIGURE 30. Map of study ar
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^~~ -
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TABLE 4. Survival of two types of t
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area (12 m 2 ) , and was an excepti
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TABLE 8. Aboveground dry weight of
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,^-^ FIGURE 37. Several 2-year old
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FIGURE 38. Experimental planting at
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fr J1MI FIGURE 40. Experimental pla
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Puccinellia were planted at one of
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FIGURE 44. Preliminary planting of
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Transplant Time Requirement It is d
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is about 540 cm^ or over 20 times t
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FIGURE 53. Plant shown in Figure 51
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FIGURE 56. Experimental planting of
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Cooperation with o
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LITERATURE CITED Baker, J. M. , 197
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ETUDES MICROBIOLOGIQUES ET MICROPHY
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HMMME NTHWL SWIRLING SITES Referenc
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dans les chenaux (carottes de 30 a
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degres d'une part, et entre les sta
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Schorres peu polities, CI et Bl CI
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L'activite enzymatique dans cette s
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chenaux : Conclusions sur le biotop
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Les schorres Les schorres, par cont
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stations TABLEAU 2 IIYDROfARUUKES D
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Ci 1 12-14 )uiH 79 2-7 oct 79 23-25
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E •" * — lissMs .-*. K V- v..
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FIGURE 8 Evolution temporelle des c
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150- 100 50- 150- 100- 50 446 *o
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REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES Atlas,
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1964-1982, COMPARAISON QUANTITATIVE
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453
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EFFETS DE LA MAREE NOIRE SUR LES PE
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ESPECES En 1980, on a pu cartograph
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3- EVOLUTION GLOBALE II semble s'am
Page 478 and 479:
COUREE DE L EVOLUTION DES BIOMASSES
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464
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CO 00 466
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468
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470
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472
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I s
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476
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Q) 1
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