Beyond Time - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley

òkù-yèndà ‘to walk’ → òkù-yènzyà ‘to make walk/use to walk’
òkú-pèngà ‘to suffer’ → òkú-pènzyà ‘to cause to suffer’
òkù-sàmbà ‘to bathe’ → òkù-sànzyà ‘to wash (tr.)’
òkù-wùlà ‘to buy’ → òkù-wùzyà ‘to sell’
òkù-bòòlà ‘to return (intr.)’ → òkù-bòòzà ‘to return (tr.)’
òkù-hùpùlà ‘to remember’ → òkù-hùpùzà ‘to remind’
òkú-kàtàlà ‘to be tired’ → òkù-kàtàzà ‘to tire, trouble’
ókú-tììyà ‘to be frightened’ → òkú-tììzà ‘to frighten’
òkú-bùùkà ‘to wake up (intr.)’ → òkú-bùùsà ‘to greet’
òkù-sìkà ‘to arrive’ → òkù-sìsyà ‘to help/cause to arrive’
òkù-ùkùtà ‘to shake (intr.)’ → òkù-ùkùsà ‘to shake (tr.)’
òkwízìbà ‘to come to know’ → òkwíz(ì)yà ‘to teach’
òkù-làngìlìlà ‘to look at everything’ → òkù-làngìlìsà ‘to look at everything’
Table 2.24: Consonant mutation with causative -i-
→z(y) →s(y) →y
(n)d k b
(n)g t
(m)b l
l
y
Table 2.25: Summary of known consonant mutation and deletion with causative -i-
(56) ínkòlì yôkùyènzyà
inkoli i-oku-yenzy-a
cl9.stick cl9-inf-walk.caus-fv
‘walking-stick, cane’
(57) òkù-làwùk-ìs-à
inf-run-caus-fv
‘to run hard, to run a lot’
(58) òkùyènzyá àkàchèchè
oku-yenzy-a akacheche
inf-walk.caus-fv cl12.child
‘to help the little child walk/to walk the baby’
There is apparently also some contrast when the -is- and -i- causatives can attach to the
same root. The -i- form seems to contribute a more canonically causative meaning, while
the -is- form is often an intensifier. This contrast can be observed in (59).
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