Beyond Time - Linguistics - University of California, Berkeley

(440) yùmwí èná òkùlé nèñándà
yumwi a-ina okule na=iñanda
cl1.one cl1-be far com=cl9.house
‘one [of them] is far from the house’ (ZT2009Elic86)
7.3.2.2 Past progressive
Past progressive meanings are most frequently expressed with past -na- (hodiernal past progressives)
or prehodiernal imperfective ka- (prehodiernal past progressives). For examples,
see the respective sections (7.2.1 and 7.3.1) above.
7.3.2.3 Future progressive
As noted in chapter 5, posthodiernal future forms are unspecified for aspect. A somewhat
infrequent construction is also available to express specifically progressive/imperfective futures.
10 This form, illustrated in (441), does not exhibit any hodiernality effects, and may
be used for situations on the day of perspective time, as well as after that day.
(441) ìjìlò/sùnù ésì ndé ! kúlyà, námwîzè
ijilo/sunu esi nde-ku-li-a
na-mu-iz-e
tomorrow/today cond 1sg.fut.ipfv-inf-eat-fv posthod-2pl-come-fv.sbjv
‘tomorrow/today while I’m eating, come’ (ZT2009Elic68)
A periphrastic form is also attested:
(442) nandilaba ndiyenda
na-ndi-la-b-a
ndi-yend-a
posthod-1sg-noncmpl-be-fv 1sg-walk-fv
‘I will be walking’ (ZT2007Elic56)
7.3.3 Habitual
Non-completives -la- and -Ø- may both be used with habitual meaning, especially when
the root is suffixed with habitual extension -ang- (see also 2.3.1.5), although -ang- is not
obligatory. This section describes uses of -ang-. Most of the meanings may also be expressed
adverbially without -nga-. (443) shows an example of -nga- with non-completive -la-.
(443) tù(lá)byààlàngá ìhûmbì
tu-(la)-byaal-ang-a ihumbi
1pl-(noncmpl)-sow-hab-fv cl5.hot.season
‘we sow in the hot season’ (ZT2007Elic117)
10 In my notes, it appears exclusively in ‘while’ clauses; this may or may not be a general constraint.
318