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Return Migration: Policies and Practices agreements are negotiated. The standard agreements, which are based on the EU model, are thus amended by the relevant Länder requirements. The German modus for concluding readmission agreements differs from the standard EU model inasmuch as the legal rules and technical details laid down in the Implementing Protocol are combined in one single document, both for illustration and to avoid repetition of legal points. Generally, the German standard protocol for implementing the readmission agreement requires that an application for readmission includes information about the means of proving an illegal entry. In addition to that, and as far as this is possible, it requests information on: Personal data (first and last name, date and place of birth, nationality, last domicile in the country of origin); Reference number and place of issuance of the last identity documents; Day, time, place and kind of illegal entry; Need for care or medical assistance due to illness or age – this is information that the migrant may give at his/her discretion; Necessary security and safety measures; Language proficiency and information if an interpreter is required; A suggestion about whether, where and when the rejected alien shall be returned. 8 The cooperation between German police authorities and judicial authorities, as well as social services and associations and the authorities in the country of origin or emigration depends on provisions in international agreements and on the actual practice. Cooperation clearly takes place within the framework of the EU and the Council of Europe. At the bilateral level, however, the effectiveness of cooperation depends on the state of political relations between Germany and the country of origin. See tables for current Readmission and Transit Agreements in Annex. 1.4 STATISTICS ON INVOLUNTARY RETURN TABLE 3 DEPORTATION AND FORCED REMOVAL STATISTICS: 1996-2001 Refusals of Entry Deportations Forced Removals 150 Total Forced Returns (Deportation and Forced Removals) 1996 94,154 31,761 27,249 59,010 1997 88,269 38,205 26,668 64,873 1998 60,091 38,479 31,510 69,989 1999 57,342 32,929 23,610 56,539 2000 52,257 35,444 20,369 55,813 2001 51,054 27,902 16,048 43,950 Source: Bundesgrenzschutz, Jahresberichte (Federal Border Guard, Annual Reports)
151 GERMANY Asylum numbers have decreased in recent years because of a general decline in applications for asylum. TABLE 4 DEPORTATIONS BY NATIONALITY: 2001 Nationality Number of Persons Turkey 4,121 FR Yugoslavia 3,635 Poland 2,745 Ukraine 2,171 Romania 1,705 Bulgaria 1,248 Latvia 867 Viet Nam 734 Russia 734 Moldova 717 Other 9,225 Total 27,902 Source: Federal Border Guard (Bundesgrenzschutz, BGS – www.bundesgrenzschutz.de). TABLE 5 FORCED REMOVALS BY NATIONALITY: 2001 Nationality Number of Persons Romania 2,394 Afghanistan 1,476 Moldova 1,238 FR Yugoslavia 1,002 Iraq 898 India 822 Turkey 818 Armenia 731 Russia 525 Ukraine 498 Other 5,646 Total 16,048 Source: Federal Border Guard (Bundesgrenzschutz, BGS – www.bundesgrenzschutz.de).
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Return Migration Policies & Practic
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Return Migration: Policies and Prac
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 7 Ex
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INTRODUCTION 7 INTRODUCTION This re
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9 INTRODUCTION EU-funded capacity b
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 EXECUTIVE SUMM
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13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In some cases,
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15 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Most returning
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17 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There may equa
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NOTES 19 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Readm
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BELGIUM 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
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41 BELGIUM measure, persons who col
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43 BELGIUM agreement concerns natio
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Re-entry is possible, if the migran
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 47 BEL
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49 BELGIUM Recognized refugees can
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NOTES 51 BELGIUM 1. Amendment of th
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CZECH REPUBLIC 1. INVOLUNTARY RETUR
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65 CZECH REPUBLIC Aliens and Border
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67 CZECH REPUBLIC The Czech Republi
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69 CZECH REPUBLIC The Czech Ministr
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2.2 STATISTICS ON VOLUNTARY RETURN
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DENMARK 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
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Administrative Expulsion Orders 75
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77 DENMARK The same provision appli
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79 DENMARK exemption of passports f
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81 DENMARK Fingerprints Law No. 291
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83 DENMARK An assisted return progr
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85 DENMARK In 2002, 170 persons dep
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87 DENMARK • Co-funding in EU pro
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ESTONIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
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91 ESTONIA Obstacles to the impleme
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93 ESTONIA administrative arrest or
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95 ESTONIA In addition, Estonia has
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1.4 STATISTICS ON INVOLUNTARY RETUR
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Page 103: NOTES 101 ESTONIA 1. A day’s mini
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Page 123 and 124: 121 FRANCE The new legislation also
Page 125 and 126: Judicial Order of Expulsion 123 FRA
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Page 129 and 130: 127 FRANCE These provisions are not
Page 131 and 132: 129 FRANCE France does not use the
Page 133 and 134: 131 FRANCE notice subsequently (for
Page 135 and 136: 133 FRANCE If a migrant leaves the
Page 137: NOTES 135 FRANCE 1. Circular No. no
Page 167 and 168: GREECE 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
Page 169 and 170: 167 GREECE Rejected asylum seekers
Page 171 and 172: 1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE AND PROCEDURAL A
Page 173: 171 GREECE After completion of the
Page 201 and 202: ITALY 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 POL
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Quota System The Italian Quota Syst
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203 ITALY The new immigration law a
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205 ITALY respite is one week from
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207 ITALY The main state-funded vol
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209 ITALY Sustainability of Return
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LATVIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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213 LATVIA “detention” as used
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215 LATVIA Comparable to the French
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217 LATVIA Chartered Flights Latvia
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219 LATVIA A refugee, who does not
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Operational Steps for Voluntary Ret
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NOTES 223 LATVIA 1. Section 2 of th
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NORWAY 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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277 NORWAY Lack of the necessary tr
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279 NORWAY The Immigration Director
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281 NORWAY tion database for finger
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283 NORWAY There is no specific leg
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285 NORWAY general repatriation ass
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Lessons Learned 1.4 BEST PRACTICES
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NOTES 289 NORWAY 1. Proposal to the
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PORTUGAL 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1
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307 PORTUGAL Is perceived as a thre
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309 PORTUGAL The 1994 Law on Provis
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311 PORTUGAL Beyond this generic as
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313 PORTUGAL Programme Services •
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NOTES 315 PORTUGAL 1. Decree Law Nu
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SLOVENIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1
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331 SLOVENIA The European Conventio
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333 SLOVENIA Instructions governing
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335 SLOVENIA most frequent problems
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2.3 BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEAR
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SPAIN 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 POL
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2001 and expected to run until 2004
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343 SPAIN centre for refugee minors
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345 SPAIN The Inter-ministerial Com
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 347 SP
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Framework Agreements with Countries
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SWEDEN 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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353 SWEDEN enforcement, may refuse
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355 SWEDEN Swedish legislation make
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357 SWEDEN time after receiving the
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359 SWEDEN Prisons are only used fo
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 361 SW
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363 SWEDEN In 2002, 116 people appl
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2.4 BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEAR
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NOTES 367 SWEDEN 1. Asylum Applicat
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