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Return Migration: Policies and Practices TABLE 4 STATISTICS FOR VOLUNTARY RETURN Year Voluntary Return Assisted Voluntary Return* 2001 1,001 - 2002 87 957 2003 28** 1,455 January 2004 - 113 * Statistics for IOM-implemented programme, initiated as of May 2002. ** Voluntary return statistics cover the period January – June 2003 only. Applicants of 78 different nationalities have been assisted under the IOM VARP programme to date. The majority of the applicants originate from Ukraine (12%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (11%), Russia (9%), Croatia (6%), FRY Kosovo (6%), Belarus (5%), Mongolia (4%), Slovakia (4%), Iraq (4%) and Serbia and Montenegro (4%). Number of Returns 2000 F 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Total for 2002 Total for 2003 AVR NORDIC COMPARISON : 2002 AND 2003 Finland Denmark Norway* Sweden Total Host Country * 2002 statistics from Norway date from May 2002, when IOM formally started offering AVR services. 286
Lessons Learned 1.4 BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEARNED 287 NORWAY A significant part of INCOR’s work focuses on improving the services provided, based on the experiences of previous return exercises. Through this continuous assessment, the following conclusions have been drawn: The decision of an individual to return primarily depends on the security and social situation in their country of origin at the time; The availability of accommodation and assistance in reclaiming property plays a crucial role, as does the possibility of making a steady income; Many returning migrants will need a secure social network of family, friends and the community at large in order to ensure smooth reintegration; and Information about the situation in the country of origin, especially on the regions returning migrants want to settle in, is also a deciding factor. Assessments and Evaluations TABLE 5 STATISTICS ON THE VOLUNTARY RETURN AND REINTEGRATION OF ELDERLY BOSNIAN NATIONALS FROM THE NORDIC COUNTRIES PROGRAMME Category Norway Sweden Denmark Finland Total Applicants 109 126 54 26 315 Beneficiaries 46 42 30 15 133 Beneficiaries (Deceased Cases) 8 5 1 0 14 Beneficiaries who Re-migrated to Host Country) 4 1 1 1 7 Not Recommended Cases 19 47 21 3 90 Closed Cases 32 31 1 8 72 Note: Data refers to the period 1 April 2000 to 30 June 2003 In attempting to formulate new policies, the Norwegian authorities are intent on drawing lessons from previous assisted return programmes, and have had recourse to experiences from past return programmes to Bosnia and Kosovo. Following recent reports of previously returned refugees re-migrating to Norway, the Norwegian authorities pledged to evaluate the assisted voluntary return programme and explore ways of promoting more sustainable returns. One of the questions considered included an assessment on whether to rescind residence permits once repatriation assistance has been accepted, as the current policy of compelling returnees who re-migrate to Norway to repay the reintegration assistance has so far proved to be an ineffective deterrent.
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Return Migration Policies & Practic
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Return Migration: Policies and Prac
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 7 Ex
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INTRODUCTION 7 INTRODUCTION This re
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9 INTRODUCTION EU-funded capacity b
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 EXECUTIVE SUMM
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13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In some cases,
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15 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Most returning
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17 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There may equa
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NOTES 19 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Readm
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BELGIUM 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
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41 BELGIUM measure, persons who col
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43 BELGIUM agreement concerns natio
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Re-entry is possible, if the migran
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 47 BEL
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49 BELGIUM Recognized refugees can
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NOTES 51 BELGIUM 1. Amendment of th
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CZECH REPUBLIC 1. INVOLUNTARY RETUR
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65 CZECH REPUBLIC Aliens and Border
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67 CZECH REPUBLIC The Czech Republi
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69 CZECH REPUBLIC The Czech Ministr
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2.2 STATISTICS ON VOLUNTARY RETURN
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DENMARK 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
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Administrative Expulsion Orders 75
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77 DENMARK The same provision appli
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79 DENMARK exemption of passports f
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81 DENMARK Fingerprints Law No. 291
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83 DENMARK An assisted return progr
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85 DENMARK In 2002, 170 persons dep
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87 DENMARK • Co-funding in EU pro
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ESTONIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
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91 ESTONIA Obstacles to the impleme
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93 ESTONIA administrative arrest or
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95 ESTONIA In addition, Estonia has
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1.4 STATISTICS ON INVOLUNTARY RETUR
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99 ESTONIA All returns were carried
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NOTES 101 ESTONIA 1. A day’s mini
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FRANCE 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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121 FRANCE The new legislation also
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Judicial Order of Expulsion 123 FRA
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Removal 125 FRANCE The legal basis
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127 FRANCE These provisions are not
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129 FRANCE France does not use the
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131 FRANCE notice subsequently (for
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133 FRANCE If a migrant leaves the
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NOTES 135 FRANCE 1. Circular No. no
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GREECE 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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167 GREECE Rejected asylum seekers
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1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE AND PROCEDURAL A
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171 GREECE After completion of the
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ITALY 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 POL
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Quota System The Italian Quota Syst
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203 ITALY The new immigration law a
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205 ITALY respite is one week from
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207 ITALY The main state-funded vol
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209 ITALY Sustainability of Return
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LATVIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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213 LATVIA “detention” as used
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215 LATVIA Comparable to the French
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217 LATVIA Chartered Flights Latvia
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219 LATVIA A refugee, who does not
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Operational Steps for Voluntary Ret
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NOTES 223 LATVIA 1. Section 2 of th
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Page 238 and 239: Return Migration: Policies and Prac
Page 277 and 278: NORWAY 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
Page 279 and 280: 277 NORWAY Lack of the necessary tr
Page 281 and 282: 279 NORWAY The Immigration Director
Page 283 and 284: 281 NORWAY tion database for finger
Page 285 and 286: 283 NORWAY There is no specific leg
Page 287: 285 NORWAY general repatriation ass
Page 291: NOTES 289 NORWAY 1. Proposal to the
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Page 309 and 310: 307 PORTUGAL Is perceived as a thre
Page 311 and 312: 309 PORTUGAL The 1994 Law on Provis
Page 313 and 314: 311 PORTUGAL Beyond this generic as
Page 315 and 316: 313 PORTUGAL Programme Services •
Page 317: NOTES 315 PORTUGAL 1. Decree Law Nu
Page 331 and 332: SLOVENIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1
Page 333 and 334: 331 SLOVENIA The European Conventio
Page 335 and 336: 333 SLOVENIA Instructions governing
Page 337 and 338: 335 SLOVENIA most frequent problems
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2.3 BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEAR
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SPAIN 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 POL
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2001 and expected to run until 2004
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343 SPAIN centre for refugee minors
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345 SPAIN The Inter-ministerial Com
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 347 SP
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Framework Agreements with Countries
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SWEDEN 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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353 SWEDEN enforcement, may refuse
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355 SWEDEN Swedish legislation make
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357 SWEDEN time after receiving the
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359 SWEDEN Prisons are only used fo
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 361 SW
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363 SWEDEN In 2002, 116 people appl
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2.4 BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEAR
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NOTES 367 SWEDEN 1. Asylum Applicat
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