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Return Migration: Policies and Practices TABLE 3 (cont.) DESTINATION OF ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURNEES: 1993-2002 Destination 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Total Bosnia and Herzegovina 8 26 56 59 29 1 179 Bulgaria 46 101 58 43 7 56 49 16 8 3 387 Cameroon 2 2 Czech Republic 1 2 1 4 China 1 5 54 49 15 23 147 Colombia 1 1 1 3 Congo 1 1 Cuba 1 1 Cyprus 1 1 Dominica 2 2 Ecuador - Egypt 2 4 7 47 1 14 27 12 6 6 126 Estonia 2 2 Ethiopia 1 1 France 2 1 1 4 Gambia - Georgia 1 3 1 1 6 Germany 1 9 1 1 12 Ghana 1 1 1 3 Greece 1 1 Holland 2 1 2 5 India 0 22 45 34 36 1 138 Iran 1 3 2 3 1 10 Italy 2 1 1 4 Israel - Jamaica 1 1 Jordan 2 3 5 Kazakhstan 2 2 Latvia 3 1 4 Lebanon 4 2 4 6 1 7 3 4 31 Libya 1 1 Lithuania 4 2 2 1 9 Macedonia 9 18 3 58 44 11 13 16 172 Mali 1 1 Moldova 8 5 5 37 57 3 14 129 Mongolia 1 7 2 6 8 11 10 11 56 Morocco 5 11 6 4 2 3 3 34 Mozambique 1 1 Nigeria 1 3 1 1 6 Pakistan 1 2 1 7 8 5 4 28 Philippines 2 19 5 26 Peru 2 2 6 10 Poland 3 29 6 3 2 11 1 1 2 58 182
TABLE 3 (cont.) DESTINATION OF ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURNEES: 1993-2002 183 HUNGARY Destination 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Total Romania 1 1 Russia 43 18 5 1 4 8 4 1 84 Senegal 1 1 2 Somalia 2 1 3 Spain 1 1 South Africa 1 1 Sri Lanka 1 1 3 2 20 27 Sudan 1 1 2 Sweden 1 1 2 Syria 3 2 4 4 13 Tunisia 2 2 9 5 5 1 24 Turkey 102 87 160 200 9 22 48 68 60 54 810 Viet Nam 3 1 1 1 25 4 7 42 USA 3 1 1 5 Uzbekistan 1 1 Yugoslavia 3 3 YU Kosovo 403 1 43 447 Total 217 326 337 391 46 281 952 458 236 204 3448 Until mid-December 2003, the number of assisted voluntary return cases has been 200. The total number of assisted voluntary returns from 1993 to mid-December 2003 was 3,589. The above table is the breakdown of destinations with corresponding assisted voluntary returns. The Hungarian government pays the costs relating to the voluntary return programmes. For the year 2003, the Hungarian Parliament granted approximately US$ 150,000 to the Ministry of Interior for AVR purposes. It should be noted that the cost of expulsion of an alien is much higher than the cost of voluntary return. In 2003, the cost of implementing AVR was about US$ 700 per person. In terms of transportation and escorts in the implementation of an expulsion case, the estimated cost is four times higher than that of voluntary return. 2.4 BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEARNED The effectiveness of the AVR programme is dependent on the close level of cooperation between IOM and the relevant Hungarian authorities. With a view to making more migrants aware of the benefits of assisted voluntary return programmes, it is considered to further engage Border Guard Units all over the country in sharing information at refugee centres, and providing IOM information materials on AVR to potential beneficiaries.
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Return Migration Policies & Practic
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Return Migration: Policies and Prac
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 7 Ex
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INTRODUCTION 7 INTRODUCTION This re
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9 INTRODUCTION EU-funded capacity b
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 EXECUTIVE SUMM
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13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In some cases,
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15 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Most returning
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17 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There may equa
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NOTES 19 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Readm
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BELGIUM 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
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41 BELGIUM measure, persons who col
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43 BELGIUM agreement concerns natio
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Re-entry is possible, if the migran
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 47 BEL
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49 BELGIUM Recognized refugees can
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NOTES 51 BELGIUM 1. Amendment of th
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CZECH REPUBLIC 1. INVOLUNTARY RETUR
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65 CZECH REPUBLIC Aliens and Border
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67 CZECH REPUBLIC The Czech Republi
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69 CZECH REPUBLIC The Czech Ministr
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2.2 STATISTICS ON VOLUNTARY RETURN
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DENMARK 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
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Administrative Expulsion Orders 75
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77 DENMARK The same provision appli
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79 DENMARK exemption of passports f
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81 DENMARK Fingerprints Law No. 291
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83 DENMARK An assisted return progr
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85 DENMARK In 2002, 170 persons dep
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87 DENMARK • Co-funding in EU pro
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ESTONIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
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91 ESTONIA Obstacles to the impleme
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93 ESTONIA administrative arrest or
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95 ESTONIA In addition, Estonia has
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1.4 STATISTICS ON INVOLUNTARY RETUR
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99 ESTONIA All returns were carried
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NOTES 101 ESTONIA 1. A day’s mini
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FRANCE 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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121 FRANCE The new legislation also
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Judicial Order of Expulsion 123 FRA
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Removal 125 FRANCE The legal basis
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127 FRANCE These provisions are not
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129 FRANCE France does not use the
Page 133 and 134: 131 FRANCE notice subsequently (for
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Page 137: NOTES 135 FRANCE 1. Circular No. no
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Page 167 and 168: GREECE 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
Page 169 and 170: 167 GREECE Rejected asylum seekers
Page 171 and 172: 1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE AND PROCEDURAL A
Page 173: 171 GREECE After completion of the
Page 201 and 202: ITALY 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 POL
Page 203 and 204: Quota System The Italian Quota Syst
Page 205 and 206: 203 ITALY The new immigration law a
Page 207 and 208: 205 ITALY respite is one week from
Page 209 and 210: 207 ITALY The main state-funded vol
Page 211 and 212: 209 ITALY Sustainability of Return
Page 213 and 214: LATVIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
Page 215 and 216: 213 LATVIA “detention” as used
Page 217 and 218: 215 LATVIA Comparable to the French
Page 219 and 220: 217 LATVIA Chartered Flights Latvia
Page 221 and 222: 219 LATVIA A refugee, who does not
Page 223 and 224: Operational Steps for Voluntary Ret
Page 225: NOTES 223 LATVIA 1. Section 2 of th
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NORWAY 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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277 NORWAY Lack of the necessary tr
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279 NORWAY The Immigration Director
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281 NORWAY tion database for finger
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283 NORWAY There is no specific leg
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285 NORWAY general repatriation ass
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Lessons Learned 1.4 BEST PRACTICES
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NOTES 289 NORWAY 1. Proposal to the
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PORTUGAL 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1
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307 PORTUGAL Is perceived as a thre
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309 PORTUGAL The 1994 Law on Provis
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311 PORTUGAL Beyond this generic as
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313 PORTUGAL Programme Services •
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NOTES 315 PORTUGAL 1. Decree Law Nu
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SLOVENIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1
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331 SLOVENIA The European Conventio
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333 SLOVENIA Instructions governing
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335 SLOVENIA most frequent problems
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2.3 BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEAR
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SPAIN 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 POL
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2001 and expected to run until 2004
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343 SPAIN centre for refugee minors
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345 SPAIN The Inter-ministerial Com
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 347 SP
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Framework Agreements with Countries
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SWEDEN 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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353 SWEDEN enforcement, may refuse
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355 SWEDEN Swedish legislation make
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357 SWEDEN time after receiving the
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359 SWEDEN Prisons are only used fo
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 361 SW
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363 SWEDEN In 2002, 116 people appl
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2.4 BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEAR
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NOTES 367 SWEDEN 1. Asylum Applicat
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