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Return Migration: Policies and Practices 2.3 STATISTICS ON VOLUNTARY RETURN In 2003, 603 individuals were assisted in returning to their countries of origin, mainly to Montenegro (524), Kosovo (17), Bosnia and Herzegovina (12), Serbia (17), FYROM (5), Albania (1) and 27 to other countries. Russia 1% Return to a third country 1% Paraguay 0% FIGURE 1 AVRs FROM LUXEMBOURG, BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: 2003 Ukraine 1% Serbia 3% Albania 0% Belarus 1% Source: Commission for Foreign Nationals, 2003. TABLE 2 AVRs FROM LUXEMBOURG, BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: 2003 Country of Origin Number of AVRs Albania 1 Algeria 1 Belarus 5 Bosnia 12 Croatia 1 Kosovo 17 Macedonia 5 Montenegro 524 Paraguay 1 Return to a Third Country 5 Russia 9 Serbia 17 Ukraine 5 Source: Commission for Foreign Nationals, 2003 244 Algeria 0% Bosnia 2% Croatia 0% Kosovo 3% Macedonia 1% Montenegro 87%
2.4 BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEARNED Why Programmes Have or Have not Worked 245 LUXEMBOURG Owing to the fact that, for a long time, forced returns were not organized and people could continue to stay in the country without authorization, voluntary return has always been seen by the migrants as the last option. This situation resulted in efforts by the government to provide incentives to return, such as the initiatives in 2000 and 2001 to provide more reintegration assistance to the migrants through provision of skills to establish small businesses. The failure of the programme to make a significant impact on voluntary returns led to its discontinuation, and the government’s decision in recent years to more actively enforce forced returns. Cost Effectiveness Analysis Specific resources are dedicated to migration issues within the Ministry of Family Affairs’ annual budget, in order to assist migrants to return to their countries of origin or residence. The government of Luxembourg also has a special agreement on airfares with the airline LUXAIR, to make removals more economical. Voluntary returns are organized mainly on commercial flights (with the exception of specific charters for large groups). Voluntary returns are usually carried out without the provision of escorts and compared to involuntary return, voluntary return programmes are less expensive to operate mainly due to the fact that escorts are not automatically provided. The amount of financial assistance towards returns to countries of origin rose to EUR 550,112 in 2003, (excluding assistance to those returned to third countries). Financial assistance is given to the head of each household at the time of departure, after check-in at Luxembourg airport. In one illustrative case, the price of eight charter flights, transporting 497 persons was EUR 170,600 (approximately EUR 340 per person), while the cost of regular air fares for 124 persons was EUR 71,246 (approximately EUR 574 per person); thus charter flights would seem to be more cost effective.
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Return Migration Policies & Practic
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Return Migration: Policies and Prac
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 7 Ex
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INTRODUCTION 7 INTRODUCTION This re
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9 INTRODUCTION EU-funded capacity b
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 EXECUTIVE SUMM
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13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In some cases,
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15 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Most returning
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17 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There may equa
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NOTES 19 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Readm
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BELGIUM 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
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41 BELGIUM measure, persons who col
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43 BELGIUM agreement concerns natio
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Re-entry is possible, if the migran
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 47 BEL
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49 BELGIUM Recognized refugees can
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NOTES 51 BELGIUM 1. Amendment of th
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CZECH REPUBLIC 1. INVOLUNTARY RETUR
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65 CZECH REPUBLIC Aliens and Border
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67 CZECH REPUBLIC The Czech Republi
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69 CZECH REPUBLIC The Czech Ministr
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2.2 STATISTICS ON VOLUNTARY RETURN
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DENMARK 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
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Administrative Expulsion Orders 75
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77 DENMARK The same provision appli
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79 DENMARK exemption of passports f
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81 DENMARK Fingerprints Law No. 291
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83 DENMARK An assisted return progr
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85 DENMARK In 2002, 170 persons dep
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87 DENMARK • Co-funding in EU pro
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ESTONIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
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91 ESTONIA Obstacles to the impleme
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93 ESTONIA administrative arrest or
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95 ESTONIA In addition, Estonia has
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1.4 STATISTICS ON INVOLUNTARY RETUR
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99 ESTONIA All returns were carried
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NOTES 101 ESTONIA 1. A day’s mini
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FRANCE 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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121 FRANCE The new legislation also
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Judicial Order of Expulsion 123 FRA
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Removal 125 FRANCE The legal basis
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127 FRANCE These provisions are not
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129 FRANCE France does not use the
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131 FRANCE notice subsequently (for
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133 FRANCE If a migrant leaves the
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NOTES 135 FRANCE 1. Circular No. no
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GREECE 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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167 GREECE Rejected asylum seekers
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1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE AND PROCEDURAL A
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171 GREECE After completion of the
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Page 196 and 197: Return Migration: Policies and Prac
Page 201 and 202: ITALY 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 POL
Page 203 and 204: Quota System The Italian Quota Syst
Page 205 and 206: 203 ITALY The new immigration law a
Page 207 and 208: 205 ITALY respite is one week from
Page 209 and 210: 207 ITALY The main state-funded vol
Page 211 and 212: 209 ITALY Sustainability of Return
Page 213 and 214: LATVIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
Page 215 and 216: 213 LATVIA “detention” as used
Page 217 and 218: 215 LATVIA Comparable to the French
Page 219 and 220: 217 LATVIA Chartered Flights Latvia
Page 221 and 222: 219 LATVIA A refugee, who does not
Page 223 and 224: Operational Steps for Voluntary Ret
Page 225: NOTES 223 LATVIA 1. Section 2 of th
Page 277 and 278: NORWAY 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
Page 279 and 280: 277 NORWAY Lack of the necessary tr
Page 281 and 282: 279 NORWAY The Immigration Director
Page 283 and 284: 281 NORWAY tion database for finger
Page 285 and 286: 283 NORWAY There is no specific leg
Page 287 and 288: 285 NORWAY general repatriation ass
Page 289 and 290: Lessons Learned 1.4 BEST PRACTICES
Page 291: NOTES 289 NORWAY 1. Proposal to the
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PORTUGAL 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1
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307 PORTUGAL Is perceived as a thre
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309 PORTUGAL The 1994 Law on Provis
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311 PORTUGAL Beyond this generic as
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313 PORTUGAL Programme Services •
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NOTES 315 PORTUGAL 1. Decree Law Nu
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SLOVENIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1
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331 SLOVENIA The European Conventio
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333 SLOVENIA Instructions governing
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335 SLOVENIA most frequent problems
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2.3 BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEAR
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SPAIN 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 POL
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2001 and expected to run until 2004
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343 SPAIN centre for refugee minors
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345 SPAIN The Inter-ministerial Com
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 347 SP
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Framework Agreements with Countries
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SWEDEN 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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353 SWEDEN enforcement, may refuse
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355 SWEDEN Swedish legislation make
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357 SWEDEN time after receiving the
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359 SWEDEN Prisons are only used fo
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 361 SW
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363 SWEDEN In 2002, 116 people appl
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2.4 BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEAR
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NOTES 367 SWEDEN 1. Asylum Applicat
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