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Return Migration: Policies and Practices TABLE 5 AVERAGE COSTS, BY COUNTRY: 01 JANUARY – 11 DECEMBER 2003 Country of Origin Average Cost in Euro Nigeria 532.08 Pakistan 485.68 Romania 289.93 Russian Federation (Europe) 463.41 Sierra Leone 586,37 Sri Lanka 475.61 Syrian Arab Republic 282.81 Tunisia 492.12 Turkey 207.26 Ukraine 270.49 Uzbekistan 596.99 Venezuela 453.00 Viet Nam 642.93 Yugoslavia 219.20 Note : Figures refer to cost of AVR. Prices vary, depending on travel period and availability of airline seats Source: IOM Vienna. 36
NOTES 37 AUSTRIA 1. The High Court ruled recently that the Federal authorities have to provide for asylum seekers who cannot maintain themselves. 2. In October 2001, the Constitutional Court quashed the case of an airline, which carried 12 irregular passengers and was fined EUR 36,000 under the original provision laid down in the amendment FGL I No. 108/2001. The Court found that the provision did not specify sufficiently the carrier’s obligation to provide information and was unconstitutional. As a result of this ruling, Article 103, which detailed the procedure for fines was suspended and had to be amended. Later in the year, the respective amendment FGL I No. 142/2001 “repaired” Article 103 of the Aliens Act and came into force on 1 January 2002. 3. ECRE – Legal and Social Conditions for Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Europe, 2003, p.15. 4. World Refugee Survey 2002 at http://www.worldrefugee.org. 5. Recent rulings of Austria’s High Court with regard to Slovakia, Hungary and the Czech Republic, as well as cases where the Independent Federal Asylum Review Board turned down decisions by the Federal Asylum Office have undermined the assumption that Austria’s neighbours can be deemed as safe countries, ECRE – Legal and Social Conditions for Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Europe, 2003 6. ECRE – Legal and Social Conditions for Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Europe, 2003, p.6 7. Schubhaft in Österreich, Michael Berger, Schubhaft-Sozialdienst, Wien/Caritas AusländerInnenhilfe und Volkshilfe Österreich, April 2002. 8. Primarily to Kosovo. * UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and its Smuggling and Trafficking Protocols: Austria signed the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime on 12 December 2000, but has not yet ratified the Convention. It signed the Trafficking Protocol on 12 December 2000, but has not yet ratified the Protocol. Austria also signed the Smuggling Protocol on 12 December 2000, although it has not yet ratified this Protocol.
Page 1 and 2: Return Migration Policies & Practic
Page 3: Return Migration: Policies and Prac
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 7 Ex
Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTION 7 INTRODUCTION This re
Page 11 and 12: 9 INTRODUCTION EU-funded capacity b
Page 13 and 14: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 EXECUTIVE SUMM
Page 15 and 16: 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In some cases,
Page 17 and 18: 15 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Most returning
Page 19 and 20: 17 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There may equa
Page 21: NOTES 19 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Readm
Page 24 and 25: Return Migration: Policies and Prac
Page 41 and 42: BELGIUM 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
Page 43 and 44: 41 BELGIUM measure, persons who col
Page 45 and 46: 43 BELGIUM agreement concerns natio
Page 47 and 48: Re-entry is possible, if the migran
Page 49 and 50: 2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 47 BEL
Page 51 and 52: 49 BELGIUM Recognized refugees can
Page 53: NOTES 51 BELGIUM 1. Amendment of th
Page 65 and 66: CZECH REPUBLIC 1. INVOLUNTARY RETUR
Page 67 and 68: 65 CZECH REPUBLIC Aliens and Border
Page 69 and 70: 67 CZECH REPUBLIC The Czech Republi
Page 71 and 72: 69 CZECH REPUBLIC The Czech Ministr
Page 73 and 74: 2.2 STATISTICS ON VOLUNTARY RETURN
Page 75 and 76: DENMARK 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
Page 77 and 78: Administrative Expulsion Orders 75
Page 79 and 80: 77 DENMARK The same provision appli
Page 81 and 82: 79 DENMARK exemption of passports f
Page 83 and 84: 81 DENMARK Fingerprints Law No. 291
Page 85 and 86: 83 DENMARK An assisted return progr
Page 87 and 88: 85 DENMARK In 2002, 170 persons dep
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87 DENMARK • Co-funding in EU pro
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ESTONIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
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91 ESTONIA Obstacles to the impleme
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93 ESTONIA administrative arrest or
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95 ESTONIA In addition, Estonia has
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1.4 STATISTICS ON INVOLUNTARY RETUR
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99 ESTONIA All returns were carried
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NOTES 101 ESTONIA 1. A day’s mini
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Return Migration: Policies and Prac
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FRANCE 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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121 FRANCE The new legislation also
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Judicial Order of Expulsion 123 FRA
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Removal 125 FRANCE The legal basis
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127 FRANCE These provisions are not
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129 FRANCE France does not use the
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131 FRANCE notice subsequently (for
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133 FRANCE If a migrant leaves the
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NOTES 135 FRANCE 1. Circular No. no
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GREECE 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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167 GREECE Rejected asylum seekers
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1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE AND PROCEDURAL A
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171 GREECE After completion of the
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ITALY 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 POL
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Quota System The Italian Quota Syst
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203 ITALY The new immigration law a
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205 ITALY respite is one week from
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207 ITALY The main state-funded vol
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209 ITALY Sustainability of Return
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LATVIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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213 LATVIA “detention” as used
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215 LATVIA Comparable to the French
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217 LATVIA Chartered Flights Latvia
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219 LATVIA A refugee, who does not
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Operational Steps for Voluntary Ret
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NOTES 223 LATVIA 1. Section 2 of th
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NORWAY 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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277 NORWAY Lack of the necessary tr
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279 NORWAY The Immigration Director
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281 NORWAY tion database for finger
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283 NORWAY There is no specific leg
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285 NORWAY general repatriation ass
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Lessons Learned 1.4 BEST PRACTICES
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NOTES 289 NORWAY 1. Proposal to the
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PORTUGAL 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1
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307 PORTUGAL Is perceived as a thre
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309 PORTUGAL The 1994 Law on Provis
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311 PORTUGAL Beyond this generic as
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313 PORTUGAL Programme Services •
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NOTES 315 PORTUGAL 1. Decree Law Nu
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SLOVENIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1
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331 SLOVENIA The European Conventio
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333 SLOVENIA Instructions governing
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335 SLOVENIA most frequent problems
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2.3 BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEAR
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SPAIN 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 POL
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2001 and expected to run until 2004
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343 SPAIN centre for refugee minors
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345 SPAIN The Inter-ministerial Com
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 347 SP
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Framework Agreements with Countries
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SWEDEN 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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353 SWEDEN enforcement, may refuse
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355 SWEDEN Swedish legislation make
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357 SWEDEN time after receiving the
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359 SWEDEN Prisons are only used fo
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 361 SW
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363 SWEDEN In 2002, 116 people appl
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2.4 BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEAR
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NOTES 367 SWEDEN 1. Asylum Applicat
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