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The designations employed and the presentation of the material throughout the publication are not intended to express any opinion on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. The study includes data on return migration collected from a variety of sources. While efforts have been made to collect comparable data, the concepts, definitions and data sources used by different countries vary widely, rendering comparisons among them difficult. Further, not all data requested was available for all countries included in the study. Many of the data on assisted voluntary return have been drawn from IOM offices in the respective countries, and are operational statistics collected mainly for project development and management purposes, which are then consolidated into a central database. Due to the timing of publication, the country chapters cite operational statistics from individual offices prior to their yearly reconciliation in the central database. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental body, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. Publisher: International Organization for Migration 17 route des Morillons 1211 Geneva 19 Switzerland Tel: +41.22.717 91 11 Fax: +41.22.798 61 50 Email: hq@iom.int Internet: http://www.iom.int _______________ ISBN 92-9068-190-X © 2004 International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Advisory Committee on Aliens Affairs, The Netherlands _______________ All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Cover illustration: from a painting by Vanessa Cuissinier Cover design and layout: Carol San Miguel 14_04
Return Migration: Policies and Practices in Europe Prepared by the Migration Management Services Department in collaboration with the Research and Publications Division, International Organization for Migration, Geneva Commissioned and co-funded by the Advisory Committee on Aliens Affairs, The Netherlands January 2004 1
Page 1: Return Migration Policies & Practic
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 7 Ex
Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTION 7 INTRODUCTION This re
Page 11 and 12: 9 INTRODUCTION EU-funded capacity b
Page 13 and 14: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 EXECUTIVE SUMM
Page 15 and 16: 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In some cases,
Page 17 and 18: 15 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Most returning
Page 19 and 20: 17 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There may equa
Page 21: NOTES 19 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Readm
Page 24 and 25: Return Migration: Policies and Prac
Page 41 and 42: BELGIUM 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
Page 43 and 44: 41 BELGIUM measure, persons who col
Page 45 and 46: 43 BELGIUM agreement concerns natio
Page 47 and 48: Re-entry is possible, if the migran
Page 49 and 50: 2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 47 BEL
Page 51 and 52: 49 BELGIUM Recognized refugees can
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NOTES 51 BELGIUM 1. Amendment of th
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Return Migration: Policies and Prac
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CZECH REPUBLIC 1. INVOLUNTARY RETUR
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65 CZECH REPUBLIC Aliens and Border
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67 CZECH REPUBLIC The Czech Republi
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69 CZECH REPUBLIC The Czech Ministr
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2.2 STATISTICS ON VOLUNTARY RETURN
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DENMARK 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
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Administrative Expulsion Orders 75
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77 DENMARK The same provision appli
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79 DENMARK exemption of passports f
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81 DENMARK Fingerprints Law No. 291
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83 DENMARK An assisted return progr
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85 DENMARK In 2002, 170 persons dep
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87 DENMARK • Co-funding in EU pro
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ESTONIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 P
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91 ESTONIA Obstacles to the impleme
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93 ESTONIA administrative arrest or
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95 ESTONIA In addition, Estonia has
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1.4 STATISTICS ON INVOLUNTARY RETUR
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99 ESTONIA All returns were carried
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NOTES 101 ESTONIA 1. A day’s mini
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FRANCE 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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121 FRANCE The new legislation also
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Judicial Order of Expulsion 123 FRA
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Removal 125 FRANCE The legal basis
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127 FRANCE These provisions are not
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129 FRANCE France does not use the
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131 FRANCE notice subsequently (for
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133 FRANCE If a migrant leaves the
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NOTES 135 FRANCE 1. Circular No. no
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GREECE 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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167 GREECE Rejected asylum seekers
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1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE AND PROCEDURAL A
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171 GREECE After completion of the
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ITALY 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 POL
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Quota System The Italian Quota Syst
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203 ITALY The new immigration law a
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205 ITALY respite is one week from
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207 ITALY The main state-funded vol
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209 ITALY Sustainability of Return
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LATVIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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213 LATVIA “detention” as used
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215 LATVIA Comparable to the French
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217 LATVIA Chartered Flights Latvia
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219 LATVIA A refugee, who does not
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Operational Steps for Voluntary Ret
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NOTES 223 LATVIA 1. Section 2 of th
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NORWAY 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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277 NORWAY Lack of the necessary tr
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279 NORWAY The Immigration Director
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281 NORWAY tion database for finger
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283 NORWAY There is no specific leg
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285 NORWAY general repatriation ass
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Lessons Learned 1.4 BEST PRACTICES
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NOTES 289 NORWAY 1. Proposal to the
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PORTUGAL 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1
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307 PORTUGAL Is perceived as a thre
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309 PORTUGAL The 1994 Law on Provis
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311 PORTUGAL Beyond this generic as
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313 PORTUGAL Programme Services •
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NOTES 315 PORTUGAL 1. Decree Law Nu
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SLOVENIA 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1
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331 SLOVENIA The European Conventio
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333 SLOVENIA Instructions governing
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335 SLOVENIA most frequent problems
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2.3 BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEAR
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SPAIN 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 POL
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2001 and expected to run until 2004
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343 SPAIN centre for refugee minors
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345 SPAIN The Inter-ministerial Com
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 347 SP
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Framework Agreements with Countries
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SWEDEN 1. INVOLUNTARY RETURN 1.1 PO
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353 SWEDEN enforcement, may refuse
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355 SWEDEN Swedish legislation make
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357 SWEDEN time after receiving the
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359 SWEDEN Prisons are only used fo
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2. ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN 361 SW
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363 SWEDEN In 2002, 116 people appl
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2.4 BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEAR
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NOTES 367 SWEDEN 1. Asylum Applicat
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