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energy resource, which is distributed widely. Biomass
energy sources include agriculture crops straw, firewood,
excrements of human beings and animals, organic
wastewater from industry, city garbage and city sewage. The
exploitable amount of biomass resources is about 700·10 6
Mtce (metric tons carbon equivalent). Among them, the
straw and stalks contribute 120·10 6 Mtce and firewood some
90·10 6 Mtce, [6].
The biomass resources are rich in South-West of China,
especially rich in Sichuan province because of its high
forecast bestrew rate, but it is less in North-West of China.
Now China is performing the ecological and environmental
protection engineering and activities, aimed to protect
natural forest and to return infields and grass. In the future,
this measure could provide more biomass, as the quantities
of straw and domestic waste will increase too. It was
estimated that by the year 2010, the straw and domestic
waste will increase by 100 % and 160 % of the levels in
1995, respectively. Biomass energy should therefore be
listed as the first priority on renewable energy development
strategy of GHG mitigation in China. Tab. 4 gives the
obtainable amount of biomass resources in three provinces
of WRC, as determined in their Renewable Energy
development plan.
TAB. 4
THE OBTAINABLE BIOMASS RESOURCES IN THREE PROVINCES OF WRC
Guangxi Sichuan Gansu
Total
(10 6
Mtce)
Per
capita
(Mtce)
Total
(10 6
Mtce)
Per
capita
(Mtce)
Total
(10 6
Mtce)
Per
capita
(Mtce)
Straw 7.54 1930 24.18 3530 2.56 1240
Firewood 4.31 1110 6.97 1020 1.02 490
Waste 6.18 1590 14.49 2120 0.81 390
Total 18.03 4630 45.64 6670 4.37 2120
E. Geothermal Energy
According to China National Standard (GB11615-89),
the geothermal energy resource can be classified to three
levels by temperature: High temperature (t ≥ 150 0 C), middle
temperature (90 0 C ≤ T < 150 0 C) and low temperature (60 0 C
≤ T < 90 0 C, 40 0 C ≤ T < 60 0 C and 25 0 C ≤ T < 40 0 C). Most of
the geothermal energy in China is middle- and low
temperature resource. The proved geothermal resources are
9.251×10 19 J/a (3,158·10 6 Mtce/a). Of more than 2,900
geothermal fields in mainland China, there are more than
1,600 geothermal fields, which have been explored and
utilized, [6], [7]. It is also worth noting that the operation
and maintenance costs of the geothermal power plant are
lower than diesel oil power plant.
Most of the high temperature resources are distributed in
Himalayas geothermal region of Tibet. With 255 proved
high temperature geothermal sources distributed throughout
the province, Tibet is leading in geothermal applications of
China. The total installed capacity of geothermal power
plants in Tibet is 28 MW. In Yang Bajing power plant of
Tibet, the installed capacity is 25.18 MW. According to
Geothermal Special Committee of China Energy Research
Commission, the total geothermal energy potential resources
amount at the depth below 2000 meters is 5,800 MW, Tab.
5.
TAB. 5
THE DISTRIBUTION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY RESOURCE IN WRC
Province Proven Resources Prospective Resources
Area
(km 2 )
Minable
amount
(10 12 KJ)
Area
(km 2 )
Minable
amount
(10 12 KJ)
Yunnan 107.73 2,644 18,528 377,995
Tibet 35.87 512
Shanxi 11.85 28
Qinghai 1.0 16
Xinjiang 147,400 2,865,672
China Total 10,149 92,510 257,047 3,962,319
IV. CONCLUSION
While the least developed of the Chinese regions, the
Western Region of China (WRC) has significant renewable
energy potential. Its development could aid China’s efforts
toward sustainable development and energy independence,
while at the same time supporting China’s efforts for control
of greenhouse gas emissions during its phase of intensive
development and industrial growth.
[1]
V. REFERENCES
EC (1997): "Energy for the Future: renewable sources of energy";
White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan; COM(1997)
599 final(26/11/1997).
[2] EC(2001a) Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 27 September 2001 on the promotion of electricity
produced from renewable energy sources in the internal electricity
market.
[3] EC (2000a) "Green Paper on security of supply in Europe", European
Commission; (COM(2000) 769 final).
[4] AMR(Academy of Macroeconomic Research),NDRC(National
[5]
Development and Reform Commission): “Energy Research of
Sustainable Development in WRC”, Dec.2002
Su Zhengmin, Renewable Energy Development and Rural Energy
Construction in WRC, Dec.2002, AMR(Academy of Macroeconomic
Research) Report.
[6] China New Energy and Renewable Energy White Paper, 2002
[7] Zhang Zhengmin, Wang Qingyi ,Zhuang Xin et al. Renewable
Energy Development in China The Potential and Challenges Beijing:
Coal Industry Press, 2002
[8] Ren Xiang General Situation of Geothermal Resources of China,
Informal Report, 2002
VI. BIOGRAPHIES
Xu Xiangyang received her Diploma Science degree, Master of
Business Management and Dr.Sc. in 1983, 1991 and 2000, respectively
from Tian Jin University, China University of Mining and Technology
(Beijing) and Beijing Normal University of China. She spend a year as Post
Doctor in Energy Research Group(EEG), Vienna University of
Technology, Austria in year.2004-2005. She was Research Scholar (part
time)in IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis),
Austria from Feb.2004—Feb. 2005 . Since Jan.,2005, She is energy and
environmental consultant of ACM( Austrian Carbon Management),
Austria. She was employed as associate professor of China University of
Mining and Technology (Beijing) since Dec.1998 to present. Her major
interests are modeling energy and environment problems, mainly focus on
China, clean energy choice and sustainable development strategy of China
and research on CDM projects.
Su Zhengmin received her Diploma from Economics and Management
Department of Beijing University,China. She is the deputy researcher of
Energy Research Institute of National Development and Reform
Commision of China. She have participated and in Charged of many
projects including international cooperation projects,such as China rural
energy projects, renewable energy project of West Region of China,
CETP(China Energy Technology Programm) project of ABB, Swissland,
Japanese projects(Forecast on China Energy supply and demand analysis
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