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with reality. Fewer people had been killed in nuclear power
generation than in other forms of energy productions, and
that modern nuclear stations being designed were inherently
much safer than those involved in the notorious accidents at
Three Mile Island in the US in 1979 and Chernobyl in
Ukraine in 1986. Furthermore if new nuclear power stations
will be built, they will be sited near existing nuclear sites,
and it will be highly unlikely that fresh “greenfield” sites
would be chosen.
V. ROMANIAN APPROACH
Romania signed the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ratified the Kyoto Protocol
to the UNFCCC (Law no.3/2001), committing itself to
reduce the greenhouse gas emissions with 8%, in the first
commitment period 2008-2012, comparing to the base year
(1989). The year 1989 was established as the base year for
Romania as it expressed the country’s best economic output
potential directly linked to its emissions potential. The
economic decline resulted in a relevant decrease in
greenhouse gas emissions.
In 2005, Romania managed for the fourth time to submit the
UNFCCC Secretariat the national greenhouse gas inventory
with all its components, meeting also the requested deadline.
According to this document, the Romania’s total greenhouse
gas emissions calculated in CO2 equivalent, decreased by
46% in the period 1989-2003. Romania will meet the Kyoto
Protocol’s 8% greenhouse gas emissions reduction target in
the first commitment period, even considering the slight
increasing trend of the greenhouse gas emissions noticed
after 1999.
Starting with the 2005 submission, emissions were reported
using the new software programme CRF Reporter developed
by the UNFCCC Secretariat. The national greenhouse gas
inventories for the years covered by the period 1989-2002
were recalculated based on the report of the individual
review of the greenhouse gas inventory submitted by
Romania in 2004.
The total Romania greenhouse gas emissions in CO2
equivalent within 1989-2002 is shown in Figure 2 (source
[5]) while the trends of greenhouse gas emissions in
Romania by sectors in the period 1989-2002 is given in
Figure 3 (source [5]).
In the first half of 2005, the Romanian Ministry of
Environment and Water Management issued Romania’s first
National Strategy on Climate Change (Government Decision
No. 645/2005), which presents the framework for
implementing Romania’s climate change policy in the period
2005-2007. The National Strategy on Climate Change was
based on a capacity building project financed by the Danish
Environmental Protection Agency and developed through the
National Commission on Climate Change in close
cooperation with the international consultants and other
ministries. The National Action Plan on Climate Change
develops the individual policies and concrete measures to be
further developed and implemented under the National
Strategy on Climate Change.
Figure 2 – The total Romania greenhouse gas emissions in
CO2 equivalent in the 1989-2002 period
Figure 3 – The trends of greenhouse gas emissions in
Romania by sectors in the 1989-2002 period
Besides Romania’s National Strategy on Climate Change of
Romania and the National Action Plan on Climate Change,
the Ministry of Environment and Water Management also
proposed a Government Decision draft with a view to
establishing a trading schema for the greenhouse gas
emissions certificates in Romania.
As in almost all European Electricity Exchanges, the
Romanian Electricity Market Operator (OPCOM) has as
future objective to perform transactions with greenhouse gas
(CO2) emissions certificates on its trading platform.
Regarding the promotion of renewable resources, the
Romanian Government prepared a Strategy to developing
the use of renewable energy sources (Government Decision
No.1535/2003) and established a system to promote
electricity generation from renewable resources
(Government Decisions No. 443/2003, 1.892/2004 and
958/2005).
According to the Romanian Government target which
derived from the EU accession negotiation process, a
mandatory quota of gross electricity domestic consumption
to be supplied from renewable resources by 2010 – 2012 was
established. This mandatory quota (in accordance with [8]) is
shown in Figure 4.
Another important step in promoting the use of renewable
resources has been made with the Romanian Green
Certificates Market that began operating in November 2005.
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